2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-173477
    JR5-26B
    		Inducer
    JR5-26B is an orally active apoptosis inducer. JR5-26B induces cell death through copper-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis. JR5-26B exhibits antiproliferative activity on MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, PAN02, SU.86.86, and KPC-2 cells with IC50s of 0.6, 4.4, 8.0, 1.1, and 3.4μM, respectively.
    JR5-26B
  • HY-149398
    PARP-1/2-IN-2
    		Inducer
    PARP-1/2-IN-2-IN-1 (Compound 12e) is a PARP1/2/CDK12 inhibitor (IC50: 34, 30 and 285 nM respectively). PARP-1/2-IN-2 inhibits DNA damage repair, promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. PARP-1/2-IN-2 inhibits the growth of TNBC cells and TNBC xenograft tumor.
    PARP-1/2-IN-2
  • HY-14608S9
    L-Glutamic acid-15N,d5
    		Inducer
    L-Glutamic acid-15N,d5 is the deuterium and 15N-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
    L-Glutamic acid-<sup>15</sup>N,d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-146223A
    (3R,10R,14aS)-AZD4625
    		Inducer 98.00%
    (3R,10R,14aS)-AZD4625 is the isomer of AZD4625 (HY-146223), and can be used as an experimental control. AZD4625 is an orally active, selective irreversible, covalent allosteric GTPase KRASG12C inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM. AZD4625 can inhibit the MAPK pathway (with decreased pCRAF, pMEK, and pERK) and the PI3K pathway (with decreased pAKT and pS6), and induce cell apoptosis. AZD4625 has no binding and inhibition of wild-type RAS or isoforms carrying non-KRASG12C mutations. AZD4625 can be used for the study of KRASG12C mutant non-small cell lung cancer.
    (3R,10R,14aS)-AZD4625
  • HY-N3765
    Diosbulbin D
    		Inducer
    Diosbulbin D is a potential hepatotoxic compound that can be isolated from Dioscorea bulbifera L.. Diosbulbin D induces apoptosis in L-02 cells.
    Diosbulbin D
  • HY-100348R
    EPI-001 (Standard)
    		Inducer
    EPI-001 (Standard) is the analytical standard of EPI-001. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. EPI-001, a selective inhibitor of Androgen Receptor (AR), targets transactivation unit 5 (Tau-5) of the AR. EPI-001 can inhibit transactivation of the AR amino-terminal domain (NTD), with an IC50 of ~6 μM. EPI-001 is also a selective modulator of PPARγ. EPI-001 is active against castration-resistant prostate cancer.
    EPI-001 (Standard)
  • HY-N2117R
    Isoginkgetin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Isoginkgetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoginkgetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoginkgetin is a pre-mRNA splicing inhibitor inhibitor. Isoginkgetin also inhibits activities of both Akt, NF-κB and MMP-9. Isoginkgetin inhibits the activity of the 20S proteasome, induces apoptosis and activates autophagy.
    Isoginkgetin (Standard)
  • HY-139882
    Anticancer agent 16
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 16 exhibits good cytotoxic activity against HCT-116, NCI-H460, and SKOV3 cell lines with IC50 8.55 μΜ, 5.41 μΜ, and 6.4 μΜ, respectively.
    Anticancer agent 16
  • HY-10999S2
    Trametinib-13C,d3
    		Inducer
    Trametinib-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Trametinib. Trametinib (GSK1120212; JTP-74057) is an orally active MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 with IC50s of about 2 nM. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis.
    Trametinib-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-154971
    Ara-SH
    		Inducer
    Ara-SH is a Cytarabine mercaptopropionic acid-substituted derivative. Ara-SH is used as the trigger to fabricate a smart Cytarabine and Venetoclax-coloaded nanoparticle (AV-NP) through self-assembly. Ara-SH exhibits remarkable synergistic antileukemia effects in vitro and in vivo.
    Ara-SH
  • HY-149842
    AKT-IN-18
    		Inducer
    AKT-IN-18, an inhibitor of Akt, inhibits Akt with an IC50 of 69.45 μΜ in A549 cells. AKT-IN-18 induces apoptosis and can be used in non-small cell lung cancer study.
    AKT-IN-18
  • HY-N11643
    Ganoderic acid Mk
    		Inducer
    Ganoderic acid Mk (GA-Mk) is a triterpenoid acid, that can be isolated from the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid Mk is efficiently anti-proliferative and can induce apoptosis of HeLa cells by mitochondria-mediated pathway. Ganoderic acid Mk can be used for cervical cancer research.
    Ganoderic acid Mk
  • HY-14266S
    Dapivirine-d11
    		Inducer
    Dapivirine-d11 is the deuterium labeled Dapivirine. Dapivirine (TMC120), the prototype of diarylpyrimidines (DAPY), is an orally active and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Dapivirine (TMC120) binds directly to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Dapivirine (TMC120) regulates autophagy and induced Akt, Bad and SAPK/JNK activations.
    Dapivirine-d<sub>11</sub>
  • HY-169763
    D-F07
    		Inducer
    D-F07 is a prodrug with an aldehyde shielding group and an IRE-1 inhibitor that induces Apoptosis. D-F07 has antitumor activity.
    D-F07
  • HY-143897
    PIM1-IN-3
    PIM1-IN-3 (Compound HL8) is a potent inhibitor of PIM1. PIM1-IN-3 shows selective inhibition for the PIM-1 enzyme. PIM1-IN-3 induces apoptosis efficiently in Colo320 cells. PIM1-IN-3 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    PIM1-IN-3
  • HY-12033S1
    2-Methoxyestradiol-13C6
    		Inducer
    2-Methoxyestradiol-13C6 is the 13C-labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa.
    2-Methoxyestradiol-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-168102
    Antiproliferative agent-59
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-59 (Compound 14u) is an inhibitor for tubulin polymerization. Antiproliferative agent-59 exhibits antiproliferative activities against cancer cells Huh7, SGC-7901, and MCF-7 with IC50 of 0.03, 0.18, and 0.13μM. Antiproliferative agent-59 arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase and induces apoptosis in Huh7 cell. Antiproliferative agent-59 exhibits antitumor efficacy against liver cancer in Huh7 xenograft mouse models, without significant toxicity.
    Antiproliferative agent-59
  • HY-161852
    PI3K-IN-55
    		Inducer
    PI3K-IN-55 (Compound 6a) is a potent inhibitor for PI3K. PI3K-IN-55 affects PI3K/Akt/p53 signaling pathway, inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells A549, Hela, HepG2, MCF-7 and HT-29, with IC50s of 1.03-6.78 μM. PI3K-IN-55 induces apoptosis in cell MCF-7.
    PI3K-IN-55
  • HY-N0361S
    Dihydrocapsaicin-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Dihydrocapsaicin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Dihydrocapsaicin (HY-N0361). Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat.
    Dihydrocapsaicin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0155R
    Nobiletin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Nobiletin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nobiletin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nobiletin is a poly-methoxylated flavone from the citrus peel that improves memory loss. Nobiletin is a retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) agonist. Nobiletin can reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in differentiated C2C12 myotubes and has anti-inflammation and anti-cancer properties, including anti-angiogenesis, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis and induced apoptosis.
    Nobiletin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity