2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-Y0889
    1-(2,3-Dichlorphenyl)piperazine
    		99.38%
    1-(2,3-Dichlorphenyl)piperazine is a potent DHCR7 inhibitor with the activity of inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. 1-(2,3-Dichlorphenyl)piperazine is often used in biological research to evaluate the function of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. The application of 1-(2,3-Dichlorphenyl)piperazine is of great significance for understanding diseases related to cholesterol biosynthesis.
    1-(2,3-Dichlorphenyl)piperazine
  • HY-B0303AS1
    Diphenhydramine-d5 hydrochloride
    		99.84%
    Diphenhydramine-d5 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is a first-generation histamine H1-receptor antagonist with anti-cholinergic effect. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride can across the ovine blood-brain barrier (BBB).
    Diphenhydramine-d<sub>5</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-N0650S10
    L-Serine-15N
    		98.0%
    L-Serine-15N is the 15N-labeled L-Serine. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.
    L-Serine-<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-N0322S2
    Cholesterol-d6-1
    		99.82%
    Cholesterol-d6-1 is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist.
    Cholesterol-d<sub>6</sub>-1
  • HY-N0215S5
    L-Phenylalanine-15N
    		98.38%
    L-Phenylalanine-15N is the 15N-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals.
    L-Phenylalanine-<sup>15</sup>N
  • HY-B1204R
    Histamine (Standard)
    Histamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Histamine (HY-B1204). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Histamine is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine (Standard)
  • HY-N0157R
    Orotic acid (Standard)
    Orotic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Orotic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Orotic acid (6-Carboxyuracil), a precursor in biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and RNA, is released from the mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) for conversion to UMP by the cytoplasmic UMP synthase enzyme. Orotic acid is a marker for measurement in routine newborn screening for urea cycle disorders. Orotic acid can induce hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly in rats.
    Orotic acid (Standard)
  • HY-149048
    Adenosylhomocysteinase
    Adenosylhomocysteinase (SAHH; AHCY) is a highly conserved enzyme. Adenosylhomocysteinase reversible catalyzes S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to adenosine and L-homocysteine. The serum exosomal Adenosylhomocysteinase level can be used as a prognostic biomarker in HBV-LC patients.
    Adenosylhomocysteinase
  • HY-W001959
    D-Allothreonine
    		≥98.0%
    D-Allothreonine is the D stereoisomer of Allothreonine. D-Allallreonine is a peptide lipid derived from bacteria. D-Allothreonine can be specifically oxidized by D-amino acid oxidase, while the L configuration has no reaction. D-Allallreonine is also a component of bacterial polysaccharides. D-Allallreonine can be used for researching bacterial pathogenicity, antigenic diversity and drug resistance.
    D-Allothreonine
  • HY-14925
    Lapaquistat
    		99.81%
    Lapaquistat (T-91485), a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, is the active metabolite of Lapaquistat acetate (HY-16274). Lapaquistat can decrease statin-induced myotoxicity in lipid-lowering therapy.
    Lapaquistat
  • HY-W021448S
    Glycocyamine-d2
    		99.90%
    Glycocyamine-d2 (Guanidinoacetic acid-d2) is the deuterium labeled Glycocyamine (HY-W021448). Glycocyamine is a direct precursor of creatine and an orally active energy metabolism regulator and myogenic differentiation inducer. Glycocyamine can activate the Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway via miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p, and stimulate the mRNA expression of myogenic differentiation factor 1 (MyoD) and myopoietin (MyoG). Glycocyamine can increase muscle creatine concentration and maintain ATP homeostasis through the creatine phosphate/creatine kinase system. Glycocyamine can be used in research on feed additives for poultry farming.
    Glycocyamine-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-N0698
    Crocin II
    		99.04%
    Crocin II is an inhibitor targeting α-synuclein aggregation, with a IC50 of 0.541 μM and a EC50 of 3.63 μM. Crocin II inhibits α-synuclein aggregation and dissociates pre-formed α-synuclein fibrils. Crocin II possesses antioxidant, anticancer and antidepressant activities. Crocin II is applicable to research related to neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, as well as cancers.
    Crocin II
  • HY-Y0127
    D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid
    		98.0%
    D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.
    D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid
  • HY-W010510
    DL-Norvaline
    		98.0%
    DL-Norvaline, a derivative of L-norvaline, L-norvaline is a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase.
    DL-Norvaline
  • HY-N0623S3
    L-Tryptophan-1-13C
    		99.94%
    L-Tryptophan-1-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3.
    L-Tryptophan-1-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-W013494R
    L-Carnosine (Standard)
    L-Carnosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Carnosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Carnosine is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine and has the potential to suppress many of the biochemical changes that accompany aging. In Vitro: L-Carnosine is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine and has the potential to suppress many of the biochemical changes that accompany aging.
    L-Carnosine also exhibits some antioxidant effects. The antioxidant mechanism of L-Carnosine is attributed to its chelating effect against metal ions, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and ROS and free radicals scavenging ability.
    L-Carnosine (Standard)
  • HY-W002438
    6-Hydroxyindole
    		99.98%
    6-Hydroxyindole is an orally active, endogenous long-acting OATP1B1 inhibitor. 6-Hydroxyindole does not alter the cell surface expression or subcellular localization of OATP1B1. 6-Hydroxyindole protects cells against Ferroptosis. 6-Hydroxyindole possesses intrinsic radical-trapping antioxidant activity. 6-Hydroxyindole serves as a component of oxidative hair dyes. 6-Hydroxyindole can be used in research related to renal failure and neurodegenerative diseases.
    6-Hydroxyindole
  • HY-76691
    D-Ribonolactone
    		98.0%
    D-Ribonolactone is sugar lactone and an inhibitor of β-galactosidase of Escherichia coli with a Ki of 26 mM.
    D-Ribonolactone
  • HY-113101
    2-Hydroxyadipic acid
    		99.38%
    2-Hydroxyadipic acid is a dicarboxylic acid and monomer for functional polymers.2-Hydroxyadipic acid bears structural similarity to adipic acid.2-Hydroxyadipic acid forms via oxidative C-C cleavage of 2-hydroxycyclohexanone as a sustainable monomer source.
    2-Hydroxyadipic acid
  • HY-B0234S2
    Estrone-d4
    		99.55%
    Estrone-d4 is the deuterium labeled Estrone. Estrone (E1) is a natural estrogenic hormone. Estrone is the main representative of the endogenous estrogens and is produced by several tissues, especially adipose tissue. Estrone is the result of the process of aromatization of androstenedione that occurs in fat cells.
    Estrone-d<sub>4</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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