2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W170614
    Citramalic acid
    Citramalic acid is an organic acid and soil phosphorus-solubilizing agent. Citramalic acid can be secreted by beet roots, and low phosphorus conditions promote its secretion.
    Citramalic acid
  • HY-113038AS
    α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-13C5 disodium
    		99.80%
    α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-13C5 (sodium) is the 13C labeled α-Hydroxyglutaric acid sodium. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) sodium is an α-hydroxy acid form of glutaric acid. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid sodium is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases.
    α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub> disodium
  • HY-P1179A
    Guanylin(human) TFA
    		98.54%
    Guanylin(human) TFA, a 15-amino acid peptide, is an endogenous intestinal guanylate cyclase activator. Guanylin(human) TFA is mainly found in gastrointestinal tract which regulates electrolytead water transport in intestinal and renal epithelia through cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism.
    Guanylin(human) TFA
  • HY-I0746
    3-Aminobenzoic acid
    		99.93%
    3-Aminobenzoic acid (3-ABA) is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent targeting the tight junction (TJ) regulatory pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. 3-Aminobenzoic acid improves intestinal inflammation by enhancing intestinal barrier integrity and reducing epithelial permeability. It can be used in studies related to improving gut health. Additionally, 3-Aminobenzoic acid analogs can act as γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-AT) inhibitors, exhibiting anticonvulsant effects.
    3-Aminobenzoic acid
  • HY-126389B
    Chitin, from shrimp shells (chitinase substrate)
    Chitin, from shrimp shells (chitinase substrate) serves as a substrate for chitinase. Chitin, from shrimp shells (chitinase substrate) is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine with β-(1-4) linkages. Chitin, from shrimp shells (chitinase substrate) is found in the exoskeleton of crabs. Chitin, from shrimp shells (chitinase substrate) inhibits the activation of NF-κB p65, alters the translocation of NF-κB p65 to the nucleus, and interacts with the cell wall of Candida species. Chitin, from shrimp shells (chitinase substrate) exerts antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects. Chitin, from shrimp shells (chitinase substrate) can be used in the research of gastric ulcer and candidiasis.
    Chitin, from shrimp shells (chitinase substrate)
  • HY-B0456S
    Riboflavin-13C4,15N2
    Riboflavin-13C4,15N2is the 13C-labeled and 15N-labeled Riboflavin. Riboflavin is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and other animals.
    Riboflavin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>4</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-W017386S
    3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid-d8 sodium
    		99.74%
    3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid-d8 sodium is the deuterium labeled 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid. 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a degradation product from Isoleucine. 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a biomarker of mustard airway diseases (MADs) and uric acid stone.
    3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid-d<sub>8</sub> sodium
  • HY-N0390S4
    L-Glutamine-5-13C
    		98.0%
    L-Glutamine-5-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Glutamine (HY-N0390). L-Glutamine is an orally active nutritional agent and cellular metabolism regulator. L-Glutamine is taken up in a Na+-dependent manner and targets multiple key molecules including glutaminase, mTORC1, NF-κB, STAT-3 and HIF-1α. L-Glutamine enhances glutaminolytic catabolism, drives the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, thereby regulating gene expression, integrating metabolic signals, mediating glutamine flux and maintaining redox homeostasis. L-Glutamine also promotes cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing, exerts neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, and inhibits osteoarthritis. L-Glutamine can be applied to research related to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke and acute cantharidin-induced cardiotoxicity.
    L-Glutamine-5-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-W038287
    2-Methylbenzoxazole
    		99.95%
    2-Methylbenzoxazole is an endogenous metabolite.
    2-Methylbenzoxazole
  • HY-N0368S
    Linalool-d3
    Linalool-d3 is the deuterium labeled Linalool. Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity.Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome.
    Linalool-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0650S7
    L-Serine-d2
    		98.30%
    L-Serine-d2 is the deuterium labeled L-Serine. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.
    L-Serine-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-118103S
    Coprostanol-d5
    		99.42%
    Coprostanol-d5 (5β-Cholestan-3β-ol-d5) is the deuterium labeled Coprostanol. Coprostanol (5β-Cholestan-3β-ol) is a fecal sterol formed by microbial reduction of cholesterol in the intestines of man and higher animals. Coprostanol can be used as an indicator sterol of fecal pollution. Coprostanol has been recognized as a good indicator of pollution of water resources by sewage discharges. Coprostanol can serve as a potential biological indicator for cerebral chondrodystrophy (CTX).
    Coprostanol-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-E70265
    18:0 Coenzyme A triammonium
    		99.9%
    18:0 Coenzyme A (triammonium) is a preferred substrate of stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCDs).
    18:0 Coenzyme A triammonium
  • HY-B0141AR
    Alpha-Estradiol (Standard)
    Alpha-Estradiol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Alpha-Estradiol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Alpha-Estradiol is a weak estrogen and a 5α-reductase inhibitor which is used as a topical medication in the treatment of androgenic alopecia.
    Alpha-Estradiol (Standard)
  • HY-113227R
    Oxoadipic acid (Standard)
    Oxoadipic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxoadipic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxoadipic acid is a key intermediate metabolite in the lysine degradation pathway. The level of Oxoadipic acid is significantly negatively correlated with the abundance of Staphylococcus. That is, the higher the abundance of Staphylococcus-a potential pathogenic bacterium that usually increases in ulcerative colitis-the lower the level of Oxoadipic acid. Oxoadipic acid can be used in the research of ulcerative colitis.
    Oxoadipic acid (Standard)
  • HY-128387S1
    2,3-Butanediol-d8
    		99.3%
    2,3-Butanediol-d8 is the deuterium labeled 2,3-Butanediol (HY-128387). 2,3-Butanediol is microbially derived compound that is a discriminating urinary biomarker of Fmo5-/- mice. 2,3-Butanediol prevents age-related increases in the plasma concentration of cholesterol. 2,3-Butanediol has potential applications in the manufacture of printing inks, perfumes, fumigants, moistening and softening agents, plasticizers, and as a carrier for pharmaceuticals.
    2,3-Butanediol-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-113420
    11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2
    		99.9%
    11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2 is a platelet hemagglutinin. Thromboxane inhibition was assessed by urinary excretion levels of 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2. 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2 can be used in the study of atherosclerotic thrombosis.
    11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2
  • HY-N0144R
    Piperine (Standard)
    Piperine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Piperine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Piperine is an alkaloid, can be isolated from pepper. Piperine can inhibit the activity of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. Piperine inhibits HeLa cells with an IC50 of 61.94±0.054 μg/mL.
    Piperine (Standard)
  • HY-130178
    CL-385319
    		99.91%
    CL-385319 is an N-substituted piperidine compound with inhibitory activity against H5N1 avian influenza A virus infection. CL-385319 exhibited an IC50 of 27.03±2.54 μM against infection of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK). CL-385319 had low cytotoxicity with a CC50 of 1.48 mM and was able to inhibit the entry of pseudoviruses carrying H5N1 strains from different sources, but had no inhibitory effect on the entry of VSV-G pseudotyped particles. Pseudoviruses with the M24A mutation in HA1 or the F110S mutation in HA2 were resistant to CL-385319, indicating that these two residues in the cavity region may be critical for the binding of CL-385319.
    CL-385319
  • HY-W004260R
    Arachidic acid (Standard)
    Arachidic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Arachidic acid (HY-W004260). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Arachidic acid (Eicosanoic acid) is a long-chain saturated fatty acid. Arachidic acid can be found in the human organism from the plasma phospholipid, fish, cannabis and other plant oils. Arachidic acid conjugated with Chitosan oligosaccharide (HY-112108) can be used for anti-cancer drug delivery research.
    Arachidic acid (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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