2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-179287
    SDH-IN-42
    		Inducer
    SDH-IN-42 (Compound D28) is a SDH (IC50: 5.38 μg/mL) inhibitor and antifungal agent. SDH-IN-42 exerts antifungal activity against R. solani by disrupting mycelial morphology, increasing cell membrane permeability, inducing the production and accumulation of ROS, and impairing mitochondrial function.
    SDH-IN-42
  • HY-14781S3
    Levomefolic acid-d3
    Levomefolic acid-d3 (L-5-MTHF-d3) is deuterium labeled Levomefolic acid. Levomefolic acid (L-5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements.
    Levomefolic acid-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-107368R
    Sulcotrione (Standard)
    Sulcotrione (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sulcotrione. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sulcotrione is a β-triketone herbicide which can inhibit hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).
    Sulcotrione (Standard)
  • HY-W753779
    8-Hydroxygenistein
    		Inhibitor
    8-Hydroxygenistein (8-OHG) is an antioxidant that can effectively scavenge nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O₂⁻). 8-Hydroxygenistein belongs to ortho-dihydroxy isoflavones (ODI) and is abundantly present in dark soy sauce and light soy sauce. Its antioxidant activity is stronger than that of its parent compound genistein (HY-14596). The content of 8-Hydroxygenistein is positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity of soy sauce (r = 0.959), and it remains highly stable even after being heated in boiling water for 60 minutes. During the brewing and storage of soy sauce, 8-Hydroxygenistein effectively prevents oxidative damage, making it promising for use in food antioxidant research.
    8-Hydroxygenistein
  • HY-131597B
    8-Oxo-GTP tetrasodium
    8-Oxo-GTP (8-Hydroxyguanosine triphosphate) tetrasodium is an oxidized oxidized guanine nucleotides and acts as a crucial biomarker for oxidative stress.
    8-Oxo-GTP tetrasodium
  • HY-100965R
    Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (HY-100965). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride is a NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor and also functions as a TRPA1 activator with an EC50 of 1 to 3 μM. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride selectively inhibits intracellular reactive oxygen species.
    Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (Standard)
  • HY-W013935R
    Bisphenol B (Standard)
    Bisphenol B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bisphenol B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bisphenol B is a close structural analog of Bisphenol A (BPA) (HY-18260). Bisphenol B is a potent, orally active endocrine disruptor (ED). Bisphenol B binds to G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) (IC50 = 3.3 μM) with higher affinity and agonistic activity than BPA. Bisphenol B promotes GPER mediated cell migration. Bisphenol B exerts estrogenic effects via GPER pathway at nanomolar concentration. Bisphenol B is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate resin with ED properties.
    Bisphenol B (Standard)
  • HY-W715812
    Bromuconazole
    		Activator
    Bromuconazole is a triazole fungicide with oral efficacy and blood-brain barrier permeability. Bromuconazole protects crops from various fungal contaminations. Bromuconazole exhibits cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cells, induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibits DNA synthesis in cancer cells, and triggers cytoskeletal structural disorder, genotoxic damage, apoptotic (apoptosis) cell death, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Bromuconazole activates caspase-3, induces excessive production of ROS, p53 and Bax, lipid peroxidation, increased activities of SOD and CAT, and downregulates Bcl-2. By upregulating p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK, Bromuconazole disrupts the MAPK signaling pathway, impairs the cellular stress response of human trophoblast cells and endometrial cells, and damages the implantation process. Bromuconazole is applicable to research related to glioma, colon cancer, reproductive injury (implantation dysfunction), and cardiac dysfunction.
    Bromuconazole
  • HY-183905
    KR-67607
    		Inhibitor
    KR-67607 is a selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 4.8 nM against h11β-HSD1 and 7.1 nM against mouse 11β-HSD1. KR-67607 inhibits stress-induced Glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation, reduces cortisol levels, suppresses the expression of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines, and enhances Nrf-2-mediated antioxidant gene transcription. KR-67607 maintains trabecular meshwork structure and reverses elevated intraocular pressure. KR-67607 improves ocular antioxidant activity and mucus secretion, reverses ocular surface damage, and prevents ischemia-reperfusion induced ocular injury. KR-67607 can be used in research related to glaucoma and dry eye disease.
    KR-67607
  • HY-121423
    Dimethachlor
    		Inducer
    Dimethachlor, a synthetic herbicide, inhibits the undesirable growth of weeds via the suppression of very long-chain fatty acid synthesis. Dimethachlor disrupts normal developmental processes via the induction of apoptosis and ROS production.
    Dimethachlor
  • HY-N14093
    Aspulvinone H
    		Activator
    Aspulvinone H is an orally active inhibitor of AChE, pancreatic lipase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 25.95 μM, 47.06 μM, 5.91/6.91 μM, and 4.6 μM, respectively. It has a Ka of 2.14 μM against GOT1 and a Ki of 6.58 μM against α-glucosidase. Aspulvinone H inhibits cancer cell proliferation, interferes with glutamine metabolism, elevates ROS levels, and induces cell apoptosis and S-phase arrest. Aspulvinone H exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Aspulvinone H inhibits the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts. Aspulvinone H reduces postprandial blood glucose in mice. Aspulvinone H can be used in research related to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, diabetes, and Staphylococcus aureus infection.
    Aspulvinone H
  • HY-17402S1
    Nisoldipine-d4
    Nisoldipine-d4 (BAY-k 5552-d4) is the deuterium labeled Nisoldipine. Nisoldipine(BAY-k 5552) is a calcium channel blocker belonging to the dihydropyridines class, specific for L-type Cav1.2 with IC50 of 10 nM.
    Nisoldipine-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-170937
    Urease-IN-20
    		Inhibitor
    Urease-IN-20 (compound XBP2) is an inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Urease-IN-20 inhibits H. pylori with an IC50 of 0.14 μM. Urease-IN-20 reduces cell Apoptosis and decreases ROS and γH2AX in GES-1 cells infected with H. pylori. Urease-IN-20 exhibits significant gastric mucosal protective effects. Urease-IN-20 shows the potential for H. pylori research.
    Urease-IN-20
  • HY-W014901R
    Bisphenol F (Standard)
    		Activator
    Bisphenol F (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bisphenol F (HY-W014901). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bisphenol F is an orally active endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol F promotes ROS generation, upregulates p-AKT/p-GSK3β, and induces Apoptosis. Bisphenol F interferes with glucose metabolism, affects neurodevelopment and reproductive function. Bisphenol F reduces social novelty preference in mouse offspring. Bisphenol F can be used in bone, blood, and fat-related studies. Bisphenol F is used as a substitute for Bisphenol A (HY-18260).
    Bisphenol F (Standard)
  • HY-N4170R
    Chebulic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Chebulic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chebulic acid (HY-N4170). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chebulic acid is a phenolic acid compound isolated from Terminalia chebula with strong antioxidant activity, which breaks protein cross-links induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and inhibits the formation of AGEs. Chebulic acid is effective in controlling elevated metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and liver damage, supporting its beneficial role in asthma, diabetes, and liver protection.
    Chebulic acid (Standard)
  • HY-100542R
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Standard)
    		Activator
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (disodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (disodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling.
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Standard)
  • HY-N1939R
    Icariside I (Standard)
    		Agonist
    Icariside I (Standard) is the analytical standard of Icariside I (HY-N1939). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Icariside I (GH01) is an orally active metabolite of icalin. Icariside I improves estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by simultaneously regulating osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Icariside I promotes ATP (HY-B2176) or Nigericin (HY-127019)-induced mtROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and causes idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Icariside I does not alter the activation of NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Icariside I inhibits breast cancer proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis by targeting the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Icariside I is a kynurenine-AhR pathway inhibitor that alleviates cancer by blocking tumor immune escape.
    Icariside I (Standard)
  • HY-127149
    Mofarotene
    		Inducer
    Mofarotene (Ro 40-8757), an arotinoid, is anticancer compound. Mofarotene induces apoptosis, associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, activation of caspase-3 and -9, and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Mofarotene inhibits hematopoiesis in vitro by inhibiting maturation from primitive progenitor cells.
    Mofarotene
  • HY-14781A
    Levomefolic acid magnesium
    Levomefolic acid magnesium is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements.
    Levomefolic acid magnesium
  • HY-W027951R
    N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (Standard)
    N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU), isolated from Allium sativum, is an orally active scavenger of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and blocks •OH production by activated neutrophils in vitro. N,N'-Dimethylthiourea protects against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats by exerting its antioxidant action including •OH scavenging and anti-inflammatory action.
    N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity