2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0575
    Pinocembrin
    		99.68%
    Pinocembrin ((+)-Pinocoembrin) is a flavonoid found in propolis, acts as a competitive inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, and is an effective anti-allergic agent, with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Pinocembrin
  • HY-124293
    AA147
    		Activator 99.81%
    AA147 is a endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis regulator. AA147 promotes protection against oxidative damage in neuronal cells and prevents endothelial barrier dysfunction by activating ATF6 arm (selectively) of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the NRF2 oxidative stress response. AA147 can rebalances XBP1s expression in vivo, and also induces survival motor neuron (SMN) expression and spinal motorneuron (MN) protection.
    AA147
  • HY-W015273
    3-Indoleacrylic acid
    		Agonist 99.78%
    3-Indoleacrylic acid is a high-efficient antialgal agent. 3-Indoleacrylic acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inhibits the functions of all the nutrient assimilating genes, down-regulated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase II, and cytochrome f genes in P. donghaiense.
    3-Indoleacrylic acid
  • HY-N0328
    alpha-Mangostin
    		99.34%
    alpha-Mangostin (α-Mangostin) is a dietary xanthone with broad biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (IDH1-R132H) with a Ki of 2.85 μM.
    alpha-Mangostin
  • HY-14781
    Levomefolic acid
    		98.55%
    Levomefolic acid (L-5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements.
    Levomefolic acid
  • HY-17402
    Nisoldipine
    		99.56%
    Nisoldipine (BAY-k 5552; Sular) is an orally active and blood-brain barrier-penetrating dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, with greater vascular selectivity than other calcium channel antagonists. Nisoldipine inhibits calcium influx and blocks voltage-gated calcium channels. Nisoldipine dilates coronary and systemic arteries. Nisoldipine has antihypertensive and anti-anginal activity. Nisoldipine also displays neuroprotective and antiviral activity.
    Nisoldipine
  • HY-B0223
    Albendazole
    		Inhibitor 99.05%
    Albendazole (SKF-62979) is an orally active and broad-spectrum parasiticide with high effectiveness and low host toxicity, is used for the research of gastrointestinal parasites in humans and animals. Albendazole induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Albendazole also inhibits tubulin polymerization and HIF-1α, VEGF expression, has antioxidant activity, and inhibits the glycolytic process in cancer cells.
    Albendazole
  • HY-N0621
    Morin
    		Inhibitor
    Morin is an orally active plant-derived flavonoid. Morin inhibits ROS generation. Morin induces Apoptosis. Morin inhibits PTP1B (IC50 of 15 μM) and activates the insulin receptor. Morin has a detoxifying effect. Morin can be used in diabetes, leukemia, colon cancer, cervical cancer, Parkinson's disease and hypertension research.
    Morin
  • HY-Y0525
    AAPH
    		Activator 98.0%
    AAPH (2,2'-Azodiisobutyramidine dihydrochloride) has an effect of radical generation. AAPH induces oxidative stress and erythrocyte hemolysis. AAPH decomposes at 37°C to generate an alkyl radical, is used as an initiator. In the presence of oxygen, these alkyl radicals will be converted to peroxyl radicals that can cause lipid peroxidation and loss of erythrocyte membrane integrity, which could ultimately lead to hemolysis.
    AAPH
  • HY-W011689
    6PPD
    		Inhibitor 98.46%
    6PPD is a rubber antioxidant that scavenges ozone and forms nitro radicals. Exposure to 6PPD reduces the hatching rate, impairs spontaneous locomotor activity, shortens body length and causes malformations in zebrafish embryos. 6PPD also induces oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos.
    6PPD
  • HY-125792
    Nexinhib20
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Nexinhib20 is an inhibitor that targets the interactions of Rab27a-JFC1 (IC50: 2.6 μM) and Rac-1-GTP. Nexinhib20 can inhibit neutrophil exocytosis, adhesion, and β2 integrin activation, and has anti-inflammatory activity. Nexinhib20 can be used in the research of diseases such as systemic inflammation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Nexinhib20
  • HY-N0457
    Chicoric acid
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chicoric acid increases glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates glucosamine-induced inflammation. Chicoric acid has antidiabetic properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects.
    Chicoric acid
  • HY-N0037
    Albiflorin
    		Inhibitor 98.67%
    Albiflorin, a major constituent contained in peony root, is a brain-penetrant monoterpene glycoside with neuroprotective effects. Albiflorin also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects.
    Albiflorin
  • HY-N0337
    Eugenol,98% (stabilized with TBC)
    		99.99%
    Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
    Eugenol,98% (stabilized with TBC)
  • HY-N1428C
    Ferric citrate
    		Activator
    Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate), an orally active iron supplement, is an efficacious phosphate binder. Ferric citratee can be used for iron deficiency anemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) research.
    Ferric citrate
  • HY-121137
    BMPO
    		98.95%
    BMPO (BocMPO) is a cell-permeable superior spin trap with favorable chemical and spectroscopic features. BMPO (BocMPO) can be used for detecting thiyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions and glutathiyl radicals.
    BMPO
  • HY-A0134
    Isoflurane
    		Inhibitor 99.27%
    Isoflurane is a volatile anaesthetic. Isoflurane diminishs the effect of ROS activity. Isoflurane suppresses respiration. Isoflurane enables rapid anesthesia induction and emergence. Isoflurane protects against noise-induced hearing loss and tissue damage in mice. Isoflurane protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury and modulates leukocyte infiltration.
    Isoflurane
  • HY-B0166R
    L-Ascorbic acid (Standard)
    L-Ascorbic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Ascorbic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells.
    L-Ascorbic acid (Standard)
  • HY-14307
    Necrocide 1
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Necrocide 1, a necrosis by sodium overload (NECSO) inducer, is a selective transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) agonist with an EC50 of 306.3 nM for human TRPM4. Necrocide 1 triggers TRPM4-dependent necrotic cell death through the induction of sodium influx. Necrocide 1 induces hallmarks of immunogenic cell death incurring calreticulin (CALR) exposure, ATP secretion and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release. Necrocide 1 can be used for the study of breast and prostate cancer.
    Necrocide 1
  • HY-P10004
    Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK
    		Inhibitor 99.08%
    Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK (Z-AAD-CMK) is a selective granzyme B inhibitor. By binding to the active site of granzyme B, Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK blocks its proteolytic function. Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK has anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
    Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity