1. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Autophagy Apoptosis
  2. PPAR Autophagy Apoptosis Ferroptosis
  3. Troglitazone

Troglitazone  (Synonyms: CS-045)

Cat. No.: HY-50935 Purity: 98.60%
COA Handling Instructions

Troglitazone is an orally active PPARγ agonist, with EC50s of 550 nM and 780 nM for human and murine PPARγ receptor, respectively. Troglitazone has anticancer activity, prevents and inhibits the development of type 2 diabetes.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Troglitazone Chemical Structure

Troglitazone Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 97322-87-7

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Free Sample (0.1 - 0.5 mg)   Apply Now  
Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
USD 123 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 123 In-stock
Solid
5 mg USD 72 In-stock
10 mg USD 112 In-stock
50 mg USD 390 In-stock
100 mg USD 710 In-stock
200 mg   Get quote  
500 mg   Get quote  

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Customer Review

Based on 21 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Troglitazone:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Troglitazone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Yonsei Med J. 2018 Nov;59(9):1096-1106.   [Abstract]

    MCN and N2a cells are treated with Control (DMSO), Troglitazone (Tro; 20 µM), or GW9662 (10 µM) for 24 h, followed by detection of PPAR-γ protein level via Western blot assay.

    Troglitazone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017 Oct;165(3):517-527.  [Abstract]

    MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T TNBC ‘‘claudin-1-low’’ cells, and the non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A are treated with 20 μM of TGZ, RGZ, D2-TGZ, or DMSO (Ctrl) for 24 h and subjected to western blot analysis with claudin-1 (CLDN1) antibody. α-tubulin is used as loading control.

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    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Troglitazone is an orally active PPARγ agonist, with EC50s of 550 nM and 780 nM for human and murine PPARγ receptor, respectively. Troglitazone has anticancer activity, prevents and inhibits the development of type 2 diabetes.

    IC50 & Target[1]

    PPARγ

    550 nM (EC50, Human PPARγ)

    In Vitro

    Troglitazone (2-200 μM, 24 h) is cytotoxic to the pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA Paca2 and PANC-1 cells), with IC50s of 49.9±1.2 and 51.3±5.3 μM, respectively[2].
    Troglitazone (50 μM, 24 h) increases chromatin condensation in MIA Paca2 and PANC-1 cells, enhances the activity of caspase-3 and decreases Bcl-2 expression[2].
    Troglitazone (0-4 μM, 12 h) sensitizes TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549, HCC-15 and Calu-3)[3].
    Troglitazone (0-4 μM, 12 h) induces autophagy and sensitized apoptosis mediated by TRAIL in A549 cells[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    In Vivo

    Troglitazone (200 mg/kg, p.o., every day for 5 weeks) shows inhibitory effects on the growth of tumor in the MIA Paca2 xenograft model[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    441.54

    Formula

    C24H27NO5S

    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    O=C(SC1CC(C=C2)=CC=C2OCC3(C)OC(C(CC3)=C4C)=C(C)C(C)=C4O)NC1=O

    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    In solvent -80°C 1 year
    -20°C 6 months
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 125 mg/mL (283.10 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 2.2648 mL 11.3240 mL 22.6480 mL
    5 mM 0.4530 mL 2.2648 mL 4.5296 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 years; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

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    Volume (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.66 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.71 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  0.5% CMC-Na  0.5% Tween-80

      Solubility: 10 mg/mL (22.65 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 98.60%

    References
    Cell Assay
    [2]

    Briefly, cells are seeded into 96-well plates at a density of 1 × 105 cells/well and incubated for 24 h. The cells are treated with Troglitazone in the presence or absence of other chemicals for a further 24 h using FBS-free medium. The assay utilizes the conversion of alamar blue reagent to fluorescent resorufin by metabolically active cells. The resorufin signal is measured at an excitation wavelength of 530 nm and an emission wavelength of 580 nm. The 50% growth inhibitory concentrations (IC50) are calculated according to the sigmoid inhibitory effect model E = IC50 γ/(IC50 γ + Cγ), where E represents the surviving fraction (% of control), C represents the drug concentration in the medium, and γ represents the Hill coefficient. For co-exposure studies, the Troglitazone dosage is set to approximately the IC50 value for each cell line[2].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Administration
    [2]

    Balb/c male mice (4 weeks old) are subcutaneously inoculated in the back with MIA Paca2 cells (5 × 106 cells/100 μL in PBS) 14 days prior to starting Troglitazone administration. Mice are then orally administered 200 mg/kg Troglitazone in 0.5% methylcellulose solution or vehicle daily for 5 weeks. Tumor size is measured bi-dimensionally and the volume is calculated using the formula (length × width2) × 0.5. Body weights of mice are also monitored throughout the experiment[2].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 years; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 2.2648 mL 11.3240 mL 22.6480 mL 56.6200 mL
    5 mM 0.4530 mL 2.2648 mL 4.5296 mL 11.3240 mL
    10 mM 0.2265 mL 1.1324 mL 2.2648 mL 5.6620 mL
    15 mM 0.1510 mL 0.7549 mL 1.5099 mL 3.7747 mL
    20 mM 0.1132 mL 0.5662 mL 1.1324 mL 2.8310 mL
    25 mM 0.0906 mL 0.4530 mL 0.9059 mL 2.2648 mL
    30 mM 0.0755 mL 0.3775 mL 0.7549 mL 1.8873 mL
    40 mM 0.0566 mL 0.2831 mL 0.5662 mL 1.4155 mL
    50 mM 0.0453 mL 0.2265 mL 0.4530 mL 1.1324 mL
    60 mM 0.0377 mL 0.1887 mL 0.3775 mL 0.9437 mL
    80 mM 0.0283 mL 0.1416 mL 0.2831 mL 0.7078 mL
    100 mM 0.0226 mL 0.1132 mL 0.2265 mL 0.5662 mL
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    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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