Cat. No.: HY-13062

Daunorubicin hydrochloride

(Synonyms: Daunomycin hydrochloride; RP 13057 hydrochloride; Rubidomycin hydrochloride)

43 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 43 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Daunorubicin (Daunomycin) hydrochloride is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity. Daunorubicin hydrochloride inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Daunorubicin hydrochloride is a cytotoxin that inhibits cancer cell viability and induces apoptosis and necrosis. Daunorubicin hydrochloride is also an anthracycline antibiotic. Daunorubicin hydrochloride can be used in the research of infection and variety of cancers, including leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.67%
CAS No.: 23541-50-6
Formula: C₂₇H₃₀ClNO₁₀
Molecular Weight:563.98

Storage:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Daunorubicin hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 23541-50-6

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (43)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
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Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[2]

Topoisomerase II

Daunorubicins/Doxorubicins

All Topoisomerase Isoforms :

All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms :

All ADC Payloads Isoforms :

All Antibiotic Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A204	IC₅₀	3 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against rhabdomyosarcoma (A-204) human tumor cells Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against rhabdomyosarcoma (A-204) human tumor cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00523-3
A498	IC₅₀	3 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against renal cancer (A-498) human tumor cells Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against renal cancer (A-498) human tumor cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00523-3
CAPAN-1	IC₅₀	3.9 x 10^-7 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Capan-1 cell line (pancreatic carcinoma) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Capan-1 cell line (pancreatic carcinoma) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
CAPAN-1	IC₅₀	3.1 μM Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Capen-1 cell line (pancreatic carcinoma) after incubation for 72 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Capen-1 cell line (pancreatic carcinoma) after incubation for 72 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
CAPAN-1	IC₅₀	3.1 x 10^-6 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Capen-1 cell line (pancreatic carcinoma) after incubation for 72 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Capen-1 cell line (pancreatic carcinoma) after incubation for 72 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
CHO	IC₅₀	3.9 x 10^-7 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against CHO cell line (Chinese hamster ovary) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against CHO cell line (Chinese hamster ovary) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
EVSA-T	IC₅₀	2 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against mammary carcinoma (EVSAT) human tumor cells Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against mammary carcinoma (EVSAT) human tumor cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00523-3
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.28 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin HCl	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 12141872]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.32 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17190447]
HL-60	IC₅₀	<9.8 x 10^-8 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against HL-60 cell line (promyelocytic leukemia) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against HL-60 cell line (promyelocytic leukemia) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
HL-60	IC₅₀	9.8 x 10^-8 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against HL-60 cell line (promyelocytic leukemia) after incubation for 72 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against HL-60 cell line (promyelocytic leukemia) after incubation for 72 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
HMEC	IC₅₀	<9.8 x 10^-8 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against HMEC cell line (human mamm epithelial cells) after incubation for 72 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against HMEC cell line (human mamm epithelial cells) after incubation for 72 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
HMEC	IC₅₀	3.9 x 10^-7 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against HMEC cell line (human mamm epithelial cells) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against HMEC cell line (human mamm epithelial cells) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
HRT-18 cell line	IC₅₀	0.11 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin HCl	Cytotoxicity against human HRT18 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HRT18 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 12141872]
HT-29	IC₅₀	0.072 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin HCl	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 12141872]
HT-29	IC₅₀	7.8 x 10^-7 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against HT-29 cell line (colon carcinoma) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against HT-29 cell line (colon carcinoma) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
IGR-37 cell line	IC₅₀	11 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against melanoma (IgR-37) human tumor cells Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against melanoma (IgR-37) human tumor cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00523-3
IGROV-1	IC₅₀	18 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against ovarian carcinoma (IGROV) human tumor cells Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against ovarian carcinoma (IGROV) human tumor cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00523-3
K562	IC₅₀	156.6 μM Compound: DNR hydrochloride	Cytotoxicity against K562 leukemia cell line done for 72 hr at 37 degree C with compound in MTS assay Cytotoxicity against K562 leukemia cell line done for 72 hr at 37 degree C with compound in MTS assay	[PMID: 16078845]
K562	IC₅₀	>5 μM Compound: DNR	Cytotoxicity against doxorubicin-resistant K562 cell line by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against doxorubicin-resistant K562 cell line by MTS assay	[PMID: 16509594]
K562	IC₅₀	0.015 μM Compound: DNR	Cytotoxicity against drug-sensitive K562 cell line by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against drug-sensitive K562 cell line by MTS assay	[PMID: 16509594]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: 2	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells	[PMID: 423181]
L1210	ED₅₀	1 μM Compound: 2	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells	[PMID: 423181]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: 1, daunorubicin	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]uridine incorporation Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]uridine incorporation	[PMID: 490537]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: 1, daunorubicin	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation	[PMID: 490537]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.33 μM Compound: 1 (Daunorubicin hydrochloride)	Inhibition of [3H]uridine incorporation into proliferating L1210 cells. Inhibition of [3H]uridine incorporation into proliferating L1210 cells.	[PMID: 6716401]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.66 μM Compound: 1 (Daunorubicin hydrochloride)	Inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into proliferating L1210 cells. Inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into proliferating L1210 cells.	[PMID: 6716401]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: 2	Dose required to inhibit the RNA synthesis in leukemia L1210 cells Dose required to inhibit the RNA synthesis in leukemia L1210 cells	[PMID: 7252976]
L1210	ED₅₀	1 μM Compound: 2	Dose required to inhibit the DNA synthesis in leukemia L1210 cells Dose required to inhibit the DNA synthesis in leukemia L1210 cells	[PMID: 7252976]
L1210 (1565)	IC₅₀	0.016 nM/mL Compound: Daunomycin	Cytotoxic activity against L-1210 parental cell line Cytotoxic activity against L-1210 parental cell line	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00067-4
L1210 (1565)	IC₅₀	0.016 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Cytotoxic activity against L-1210 parental cell line Cytotoxic activity against L-1210 parental cell line	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00067-4
L1210 (1565)	IC₅₀	0.147 nM/mL Compound: Daunomycin	Cytotoxic activity against adriamycin (ADR) resistant L-1210 cell line Cytotoxic activity against adriamycin (ADR) resistant L-1210 cell line	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00067-4
L1210 (1565)	IC₅₀	0.147 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Cytotoxic activity against adriamycin (ADR) resistant L-1210 cell line Cytotoxic activity against adriamycin (ADR) resistant L-1210 cell line	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00067-4
LNCaP	IC₅₀	0.011 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin HCl	Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells expressing androgen receptor after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells expressing androgen receptor after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 12141872]
M19-MEL	IC₅₀	2 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against melanoma (M-19) human tumor cells Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against melanoma (M-19) human tumor cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00523-3
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.12 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin HCl	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells expressing estrogen receptor after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells expressing estrogen receptor after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 12141872]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.22 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17190447]
MCF7	IC₅₀	2 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against mammary carcinoma (MCF-7) human tumor cells Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against mammary carcinoma (MCF-7) human tumor cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00523-3
MCF7	IC₅₀	7.8 x 10^-7 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against MCF-7 cell line (breast carcinoma) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against MCF-7 cell line (breast carcinoma) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	0.25 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17190447]
MOLT-4	IC₅₀	1 nM Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Molt-4 cell line (T-cell leukemia) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Molt-4 cell line (T-cell leukemia) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
MOLT-4	IC₅₀	1.0 x 10^-9 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Molt-4 cell line (T-cell leukemia) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Molt-4 cell line (T-cell leukemia) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
OVCAR-3	IC₅₀	3.9 x 10^-7 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Ovcar-3 cell line (ovarian carcinoma) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against Ovcar-3 cell line (ovarian carcinoma) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
P388	IC₅₀	3 nM Compound: Daunorubicin HCl	Growth Inhibition of P388/0 cell lines. Growth Inhibition of P388/0 cell lines.	[PMID: 10669575]
P388	IC₅₀	<9.8 x 10^-8 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against P-388 cell line (mouse leukemia) after incubation for 72 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against P-388 cell line (mouse leukemia) after incubation for 72 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
P388	IC₅₀	3.9 x 10^-7 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against P-388 cell line (mouse leukemia) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against P-388 cell line (mouse leukemia) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
PC-3	IC₅₀	0.23 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin HCl	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 12141872]
PC-3	IC₅₀	0.44 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17190447]
SK-MEL-28	IC₅₀	1.41 μM Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against SK-Mel-28 cell line (melanoma) after incubation for 72 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against SK-Mel-28 cell line (melanoma) after incubation for 72 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
SK-MEL-28	IC₅₀	1.6 μM Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against SK-Mel-28 cell line (melanoma) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against SK-Mel-28 cell line (melanoma) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
SK-MEL-28	IC₅₀	1.6 x 10^-6 M Compound: 1 (Daunomycin hydrochloride)	Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against SK-Mel-28 cell line (melanoma) after incubation for 24 hour Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against SK-Mel-28 cell line (melanoma) after incubation for 24 hour	10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80285-1
SW-620	IC₅₀	8.6 μM Compound: DNR hydrochloride	Cytotoxicity against SW620 colon cancer cell line done for 72 h at 37 degree C with compound in MTS assay Cytotoxicity against SW620 colon cancer cell line done for 72 h at 37 degree C with compound in MTS assay	[PMID: 16078845]
T-24	IC₅₀	2 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against bladder carcinoma (T-24) human tumor cells Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against bladder carcinoma (T-24) human tumor cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00523-3
WiDr	IC₅₀	7 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against colon carcinoma (WiDr) human tumor cells Antiproliferative activity of compound was tested against colon carcinoma (WiDr) human tumor cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00523-3

In Vitro

Daunorubicin hydrochloride (0-256 μg/mL, 30 min) inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis in sensitive and resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells^[2].
Daunorubicin hydrochloride (7 nM-1.9 μM, 72 h) shows chemosensitivity in Molt-4 cells and L3.6 cells^[3]^[4].
Daunorubicin hydrochloride (0.4 μM, 48 h) induces apoptotic and necrosis in L3.6 cells^[4].
Daunorubicin hydrochloride (0.4 μM, 120 min) induces ROS generation in L3.6 cells^[4].
Daunorubicin hydrochloride (2 μM, 24 h) induces autophagy in K562 cells (myeloid cell line)^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[3]^[4]

Cell Line:

Molt-4 cells (a human T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line), L3.6 cells (metastatic human pancreatic cell line)
Concentration:

7 nM-1.9 μM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Inhibited cell viability with IC₅₀ values of 40 nM (Molt-4) and 400 nM (L3.6).

Apoptosis Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

L3.6 cells
Concentration:

0.4 μM
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Induced necrosis without apoptosis at 24 h, induced both an apoptotic and extensive necrotic response at 48 h.

Western Blot Analysis^[6]:

Cell Line:

K562 cells
Concentration:

2 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Enabled the switch of LC3-I into LC3-II, accompanied with a significant increased expression level of LC3.

In Vivo

Daunorubicin hydrochloride (intravenous injection, 3 mg/kg, three times at 48 h intervals.) produces cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats^[5].
Daunorubicin hydrochloride (intraperitoneal injection, 10 mg/kg) induces sister chromatid exchanges in mice^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male Sprague-Dawley rats^[5]
Dosage:

3 mg/kg
Administration:

Intravenous injection, three times at 48 h intervals.
Result:

Caused a significant increase in MDA (malondialdehyde) level in renal tissue, accompanied by a significant reduction in total GPx activity.
Increased urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine, and BUN level.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 23541-50-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 563.98
Formula C₂₇H₃₀ClNO₁₀
Color Pink to red
SMILES

O=C(C(C(OC)=CC=C1)=C1C2=O)C3=C2C(O)=C(C[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)C[C@@H]4O[C@@]5([H])C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O5)C4=C3O.[H]Cl
Synonyms

Daunomycin hydrochloride; RP 13057 hydrochloride; Rubidomycin hydrochloride
Structure Classification
- Quinones
- Anthraquinones
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
Streptomyces coeruleorubidus
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Publications (43)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayApoptosis AnalysisCell Imaging/Staining

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Journal Impact Factor

Cell Mol Immunol

Arsenic trioxide elicits prophylactic and therapeutic immune responses against solid tumors by inducing necroptosis and ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Jan;20(1):51-64. PMID: 36447031

Daunorubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Mol Immunol. 2023 Jan;20(1):51-64. [Abstract]

Comparison of drug (Epirubicin hydrochloride, EPI; Daunorubicin hydrochloride, DNR; Vinorelbine ditartrate, VNR; Oxaliplatin, OXA; Vincristine, VCR; Artemisinin, ART; Colchicine, COL) cytotoxicity to TC1 cells at the indicated doses and time points measured with CCK-8 assays. R.U. (Relative unit) was calculated from the average O.D. values in each condition as the indicator of cell viability (n = 3).
Cancer Res

Osimertinib covalently binds to CD34 and eliminates myeloid leukemia stem/progenitor cells. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 1;84(3):479-492. PMID: 38095536
ACS Nano

Unveiling the Heart's Hidden Enemy: Dynamic Insights into Polystyrene Nanoplastic-Induced Cardiotoxicity Based on Cardiac Organoid-on-a-Chip. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 12;18(45):31569-31585. PMID: 39482939
J Adv Res

Dynamic heterogeneity towards drug resistance in AML cells is primarily driven by epigenomic mechanism unveiled by multi-omics analysis. [Abstract]

2025 May 21:S2090-1232(25)00358-3. PMID: 40409464
Interdiscip Med

2025 Sep 1;3(5):e70053.

Daunorubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Interdiscip Med. 2025 Sep 1;3(5):e70053.

Cell viability analysis of OCI-AML2 cells expressing the indicated sgRNAs following treatment with increasing concentrations of Daunorubicin hydrochloride (3 days), assessed using the CCK-8 assay.

Daunorubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Interdiscip Med. 2025 Sep 1;3(5):e70053.

OCI-AML2 cells expressing indicated sgRNAs were treated with DMSO or Daunorubicin hydrochloride (10 nM), and viable cells were counted every 3–4 days.
Cell Rep Med

Sequence-dependent splicing dysregulation drives therapy resistance in pediatric AML. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 20;7(1):102542. PMID: 41564858
Sci Adv

Tissue-specific inflammation induces cell state plasticity with oncogenic addiction in mucosal melanoma. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 3;12(14):eady4536. PMID: 41920996
J Control Release

Caspase-3 mediated switch therapy of self-triggered and long-acting prodrugs for metastatic TNBC. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 22;346:136-147. PMID: 35447298
Clin Cancer Res

Gene Expression Signatures Identify Novel Therapeutics for Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 15;26(8):2011-2021. PMID: 31937620
J Transl Med

SEMA4D/PlexinB1 promotes AML progression via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 6;20(1):304. PMID: 35794581

Daunorubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2022 Jul 6;20(1):304. [Abstract]

IC₅₀ curves of Daunorubicin hydrochloride (1.25-1280 nM; 48 h) in U937 and Molm-13 cells transfected with lentivirus targeting SEMA4D or control. Transduced AML cells were treated with daunorubicin for 48 h and then measured by CCK-8 analysis.

Daunorubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2022 Jul 6;20(1):304. [Abstract]

Cell apoptosis rate of U937 and Molm-13 cells transfected with lentivirus targeting SEMA4D or control after Daunorubicin hydrochloride (10-80 nM) treatment was detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V-APC /PI staining.
Leukemia

Causal linkage of presence of mutant NPM1 to efficacy of novel therapeutic agents against AML cells with mutant NPM1. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;37(6):1336-1348. PMID: 36977823
EMBO Mol Med

Isomeranzin activates Gnas-AMPK signaling to drive white adipose browning and curb obesity in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 26. PMID: 41299101
Cell Prolif

A 3D Bioprinted Platform That Maintains the Functional Integrity of Primary AML Cells. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 16:e70250. PMID: 42303242
Pharmaceutics

Evaluation of a Keratin 1 Targeting Peptide-Doxorubicin Conjugate in a Mouse Model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. [Abstract]

2021 May 5;13(5):661. PMID: 34063098

Daunorubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmaceutics. 2021 May 5;13(5):661. [Abstract]

Primary AML cells were treated with Daunorubicin hydrochloride (DNR, 8-32 μM) and Erastin (5 μM) for 48 h, and cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay.

Daunorubicin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmaceutics. 2021 May 5;13(5):661. [Abstract]

HL-60 cells were pretreated with CCL20 for 30 min, followed by Daunorubicin hydrochloride (DNR, 1.6, 3.2 μM) treatment for 48 h, and lipid peroxidation level were measured.
Biochem Pharmacol

Pharmacologic modulation of the SAT1-N1-acetylspermidine axis is associated with enhanced chemotherapy cytotoxicity in T-LBL/ALL cells. [Abstract]

2026 Aug;250(Pt 1):117991. PMID: 42002236
Biochem Pharmacol

Ticagrelor reverses multidrug resistance in breast cancer by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and suppressing ABCB1 expression and function. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 15:249:117903. PMID: 41846011
Life Sci

M2 macrophages secrete CCL20 to regulate iron metabolism and promote daunorubicin resistance in AML cells. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 15:361:123297. PMID: 39645162
RSC Adv

A multi-stage computational pipeline and in vitro validation for the discovery of small-molecule translation inhibitors targeting the bacterial ribosome. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 7;16(20):18359-18373. PMID: 41953617
Cancer Biol Ther

SIRT6-PARP1 is involved in HMGB1 polyADP-ribosylation and acetylation and promotes chemotherapy-induced autophagy in leukemia. [Abstract]

2020 Apr 2;21(4):320-331. PMID: 31928132
Int J Mol Sci

Stalling the Enemy: Targeting Nsp13 for Next-Generation SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 11;27(6):2587. PMID: 41898448
Cell Oncol (Dordr)

Combination of RSK inhibitor LJH-685 and FLT3 inhibitor FF-10101 promoted apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of AML cell lines. [Abstract]

2022 Oct;45(5):1005-1018. PMID: 36036884
J Mol Med (Berl)

Combination of PARP inhibitor and temozolomide to suppress chordoma progression. [Abstract]

2019 Aug;97(8):1183-1193. PMID: 31201471
Cancers (Basel)

Association between Dysfunction of the Nucleolar Stress Response and Multidrug Resistance in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 19;14(20):5127. PMID: 36291909
Cancers (Basel)

Mechanistic Basis for In Vivo Therapeutic Efficacy of CK2 Inhibitor CX-4945 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 5;13(5):1127. PMID: 33807974
Cell Signal

OTUB1 promotes the progression of acute myeloid leukemia by regulating glycolysis via deubiquitinating c-Myc. [Abstract]

2025 Jul:131:111735. PMID: 40081551
Cell Signal

LncRNA SNHG5 induces CAFs-like phenotype and autophagy of AML-MSCs via PTBP1/ATG5 axis to confer chemoresistance of AML cells. [Abstract]

2025 Apr:128:111625. PMID: 39864537
Mol Cell Biochem

RIP1/RIP3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis contributes to vinblastine-induced myocardial damage. [Abstract]

2021 Feb;476(2):1233-1243. PMID: 33247805
ACS Infect Dis

Tea Tree Oil Nanoemulsion Potentiates Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 12;8(8):1618-1626. PMID: 35854664
J Antimicrob Chemother

Synergistic effects of DHA27 combined with gentamicin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 3;80(9):2447-2458. PMID: 40711771
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)

GRK2 Protein Mediates the ANRIL, a lncRNA, to Affect the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Kasumi-1 Cells. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 21;29(10):362. PMID: 39473411
Curr Pharm Anal

2018 Jan, 14(1):53-59(7).
Front Oncol

Adipocytes Provide Fatty Acids to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 22:11:665763. PMID: 33968771
Front Genet

The Prognostic Value and Function of HOXB5 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 5:12:678368. PMID: 34421991
Ann Hematol

Identification and validation of a prognostic risk-scoring model in drug-resistant ALL and evaluation of immune micro-environment. [Abstract]

2026 May 29. PMID: 42215742
Oncol Lett

Poly (ADP-ribosylation) of HMGB1 facilitates its acetylation and promotes HMGB1 translocation-associated chemotherapy-induced autophagy in leukaemia cells. [Abstract]

2020 Jan;19(1):368-378. PMID: 31897149
Microb Drug Resist

Synergistic Activity of Fluoroquinolones Combining with Artesunate Against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli. [Abstract]

2020 Jan;26(1):81-88. PMID: 31738637
Res Sq

Dual-functional Nanocarrier for Improved Immunochemotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 18:rs.3.rs-9901177. PMID: 42370261
bioRxiv

2026 Feb 3.
Biomed Pharmacother

Drug repositioning: Identification of potent inhibitors of NS3 protease and NS5 RdRp for control of DENV infection. [Abstract]

2025 Jun:187:118104. PMID: 40300391
Patent

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bioRxiv

2023 Jan 13.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (88.66 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : ≥ 34 mg/mL (60.29 mM)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.7731 mL

8.8656 mL

17.7311 mL

5 mM

0.3546 mL

1.7731 mL

3.5462 mL

10 mM

0.1773 mL

0.8866 mL

1.7731 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.69 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.69 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 33.33 mg/mL (59.10 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (287 KB)
SDS (644 KB)
- English - EN (644 KB)
- Français - FR (644 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (644 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (644 KB)
- Español - ES (644 KB)
- Swedish - SV (644 KB)
- Italian - IT (644 KB)
- Korean - KR (644 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (644 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Lehmann M, et al. Activity of topoisomerase inhibitors daunorubicin, idarubicin, and aclarubicin in the Drosophila Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2004;43(4):250-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. Dano K, et al. Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis by daunorubicin in sensitive and resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro. Cancer Res. 1972 Jun;32(6):1307-14. [Content Brief]

[3]. Svensson SP, et al. Melanin inhibits cytotoxic effects of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin in MOLT 4 cells. Pigment Cell Res. 2003 Aug;16(4):351-4 [Content Brief]

[4]. Gervasoni JE Jr, et al. An effective in vitro antitumor response against human pancreatic carcinoma with paclitaxel and Daunorubicin by induction of both necrosis and apoptosis. Anticancer Res. 2004 Sep-Oct;24(5A):2617-26 [Content Brief]

[5]. Arozal W, et al. Telmisartan prevents the progression of renal injury in daunorubicin rats with the alteration of angiotensin II and endothelin-1 receptor expression associated with its PPAR-γ agonist actions. Toxicology. 2011 Jan 11;279(1-3):91-9. [Content Brief]

[6]. Emeline Bollaert, et al. MiR-15a-5p Confers Chemoresistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Inhibiting Autophagy Induced by Daunorubicin. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 13;22(10):5153. [Content Brief]

[7]. Cheng Wu, et al. Doxorubicin suppresses chondrocyte differentiation by stimulating ROS production. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021 Dec 1;167:106013. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	1.7731 mL	8.8656 mL	17.7311 mL	44.3278 mL
	5 mM	0.3546 mL	1.7731 mL	3.5462 mL	8.8656 mL
	10 mM	0.1773 mL	0.8866 mL	1.7731 mL	4.4328 mL
	15 mM	0.1182 mL	0.5910 mL	1.1821 mL	2.9552 mL
	20 mM	0.0887 mL	0.4433 mL	0.8866 mL	2.2164 mL
	25 mM	0.0709 mL	0.3546 mL	0.7092 mL	1.7731 mL
	30 mM	0.0591 mL	0.2955 mL	0.5910 mL	1.4776 mL
	40 mM	0.0443 mL	0.2216 mL	0.4433 mL	1.1082 mL
	50 mM	0.0355 mL	0.1773 mL	0.3546 mL	0.8866 mL
	60 mM	0.0296 mL	0.1478 mL	0.2955 mL	0.7388 mL
DMSO	80 mM	0.0222 mL	0.1108 mL	0.2216 mL	0.5541 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Daunorubicin hydrochloride

43 Cited Publications

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Daunorubicin hydrochloride

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Daunorubicin hydrochloride

All Topoisomerase Isoforms

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Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (43)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Daunorubicin hydrochloride Related Classifications

HY-13062 Related Classifications