Daunorubicin (Synonyms: Daunomycin; RP 13057; Rubidomycin)

Name: Daunorubicin
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-13062A
Rating: 5.0 (37 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-13062A Purity: 99.94%: Data Sheet
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Daunorubicin (Daunomycin) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity. Daunorubicin inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Daunorubicin is a cytotoxin that inhibits cancer cell viability and induces apoptosis and necrosis. Daunorubicin is also an anthracycline antibiotic. Daunorubicin can be used in the research of infection and variety of cancers, including leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 20830-81-3

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Customer Review

Based on 37 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Daunorubicin:

37 Publications Citing Use of MCE Daunorubicin

Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

Apoptosis Analysis

Cell Imaging/Staining

: Daunorubicin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Interdiscip Med. 2025 Sep 1;3(5):e70053.; Cell viability analysis of OCI-AML2 cells expressing the indicated sgRNAs following treatment with increasing concentrations of Daunorubicin hydrochloride (3 days), assessed using the CCK-8 assay.

: Daunorubicin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Interdiscip Med. 2025 Sep 1;3(5):e70053.; OCI-AML2 cells expressing indicated sgRNAs were treated with DMSO or Daunorubicin hydrochloride (10 nM), and viable cells were counted every 3–4 days.

: Daunorubicin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Mol Immunol. 2023 Jan;20(1):51-64. [Abstract]; Comparison of drug (Epirubicin hydrochloride, EPI; Daunorubicin hydrochloride, DNR; Vinorelbine ditartrate, VNR; Oxaliplatin, OXA; Vincristine, VCR; Artemisinin, ART; Colchicine, COL) cytotoxicity to TC1 cells at the indicated doses and time points measured with CCK-8 assays. R.U. (Relative unit) was calculated from the average O.D. values in each condition as the indicator of cell viability (n = 3).

: Daunorubicin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2022 Jul 6;20(1):304. [Abstract]; IC₅₀ curves of Daunorubicin hydrochloride (1.25-1280 nM; 48 h) in U937 and Molm-13 cells transfected with lentivirus targeting SEMA4D or control. Transduced AML cells were treated with daunorubicin for 48 h and then measured by CCK-8 analysis.

: Daunorubicin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2022 Jul 6;20(1):304. [Abstract]; Cell apoptosis rate of U937 and Molm-13 cells transfected with lentivirus targeting SEMA4D or control after Daunorubicin hydrochloride (10-80 nM) treatment was detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V-APC /PI staining.

: Daunorubicin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmaceutics. 2021 May 5;13(5):661.; Primary AML cells were treated with Daunorubicin hydrochloride (DNR, 8-32 μM) and Erastin (5 μM) for 48 h, and cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay.

: Daunorubicin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmaceutics. 2021 May 5;13(5):661.; HL-60 cells were pretreated with CCL20 for 30 min, followed by Daunorubicin hydrochloride (DNR, 1.6, 3.2 μM) treatment for 48 h, and lipid peroxidation level were measured.

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[2]

Topoisomerase II

Daunorubicins/Doxorubicins

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
4T1	IC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against mouse 4T1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse 4T1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30654237]
4T1	IC₅₀	40.8 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against mouse 4T1 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against mouse 4T1 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
A2058	IC₅₀	33.3 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human A2058 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human A2058 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
A2780 ADR	GI₅₀	0.01 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Inhibition of daunorubicin sensitive human A2780 ADR cells expressing P-gp measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay Inhibition of daunorubicin sensitive human A2780 ADR cells expressing P-gp measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29016119]
A2780 ADR	GI₅₀	0.575 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Inhibition of cell growth in Daunorubicin resistant human A2780 ADR cells expressing P-gp measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay Inhibition of cell growth in Daunorubicin resistant human A2780 ADR cells expressing P-gp measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29016119]
A549	GI₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 19968258]
A549	IC₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells by XTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells by XTT assay	[PMID: 25467291]
A549	IC₅₀	0.15 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30902399]
A549	IC₅₀	0.51 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity in human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity in human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28923382]
A549	IC₅₀	0.53 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31431363]
A549	IC₅₀	199 nM Compound: 1a; DNR	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by alamar blue assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by alamar blue assay	[PMID: 38412432]
A549	IC₅₀	68.2 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human A549 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human A549 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
ACHN	IC₅₀	63 nM Compound: daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against drug resistant ACHN cell line expressing MDR1 by Alamar Blue assay Antiproliferative activity against drug resistant ACHN cell line expressing MDR1 by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 17286393]
B16	EC₅₀	0.16 μM Compound: daunomycin	Cytotoxicity that caused a 50% reduction in absorbance at 490 nm in B16 mouse melanoma cells using MTS assay. Cytotoxicity that caused a 50% reduction in absorbance at 490 nm in B16 mouse melanoma cells using MTS assay.	[PMID: 11020285]
B16	IC₅₀	8.9 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against mouse B16 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against mouse B16 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
B16	IC₅₀	9.2 nM Compound: Daunomycin	In vitro antiproliferative activity against B16 cell lines In vitro antiproliferative activity against B16 cell lines	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)10152-4
BHK-21	IC₅₀	0.09 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against BHK21 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against BHK21 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30654237]
COLO 205	IC₅₀	0.5 μg/mL Compound: daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human COLO205 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human COLO205 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19606850]
CT26.WT	IC₅₀	0.42 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against mouse CT26.WT cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse CT26.WT cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30654237]
CT26.WT	IC₅₀	126 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against mouse CT26.WT cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against mouse CT26.WT cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
DLD-1	IC₅₀	30 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human DLD-1 cells by WST-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human DLD-1 cells by WST-8 assay	[PMID: 38408511]
DU-145	IC₅₀	0.09 μM Compound: DAU	Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 22260166]
DU-145	IC₅₀	0.13 μM Compound: 37	Cytotoxicity against human DU-145 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition Cytotoxicity against human DU-145 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition	[PMID: 33143937]
DU-145	IC₅₀	24.5 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human DU145 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human DU145 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
Detroit 551	GI₅₀	1.77 μM Compound: DAR	Cytotoxicity against human Detroit 551 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Detroit 551 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 20591678]
H69AR	GI₅₀	0.361 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Inhibition of daunorubicin sensitive human NCI-H69AR cells expressing MRP1 measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay Inhibition of daunorubicin sensitive human NCI-H69AR cells expressing MRP1 measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29016119]
H69AR	GI₅₀	3.84 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Inhibition of cell growth in Daunorubicin resistant human NCI-H69AR cells expressing MRP1 measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay Inhibition of cell growth in Daunorubicin resistant human NCI-H69AR cells expressing MRP1 measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29016119]
H69AR	IC₅₀	> 1000 nM Compound: daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against drug resistant H69AR cell line expressing MRP1 by Alamar Blue assay Antiproliferative activity against drug resistant H69AR cell line expressing MRP1 by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 17286393]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.21 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31431363]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	127.1 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human HCT116 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human HCT116 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
HCT-15	IC₅₀	> 400 nM Compound: daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against drug resistant HCT15 cell line expressing MDR1 by Alamar Blue assay Antiproliferative activity against drug resistant HCT15 cell line expressing MDR1 by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 17286393]
HEK293	IC₅₀	1.2 μM Compound: Daunonthicin	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by alamar blue assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by alamar blue assay	[PMID: 36449385]
HEK293	IC₅₀	11.17 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity in human HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity in human HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28923382]
HEK293	IC₅₀	11.17 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31431363]
HEK293	IC₅₀	12.55 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by Alamar Blue assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 26937828]
HEK293	IC₅₀	12.55 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by Alamar blue assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by Alamar blue assay	[PMID: 29190092]
HL-60	GI₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by trypan blue staining-based hemocytometric analysis Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by trypan blue staining-based hemocytometric analysis	[PMID: 25874335]
HL-60	IC₅₀	0.005 μM Compound: daunorubicin	In vitro inhibitory concentration against proliferation of HL60 cells In vitro inhibitory concentration against proliferation of HL60 cells	[PMID: 12877593]
HL-60	IC₅₀	0.04 μM Compound: daunorubicin	In vitro inhibitory concentration against proliferation of HL60R cells along with 5 (uM) verapamil In vitro inhibitory concentration against proliferation of HL60R cells along with 5 (uM) verapamil	[PMID: 12877593]
HL-60	IC₅₀	1.5 μM Compound: daunorubicin	In vitro inhibitory concentration against proliferation of HL60R cells In vitro inhibitory concentration against proliferation of HL60R cells	[PMID: 12877593]
HL-60	IC₅₀	15 nM Compound: DAU	Antiproliferative activity against human HL-60 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HL-60 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 33750129]
HT-29	GI₅₀	0.07 μM Compound: daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 19968258]
HT-29	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: Dau, daunomycin	Cytostatic activity against human HT-29 cells after 4 days by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human HT-29 cells after 4 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 22480495]
HT-29	IC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: Dauno	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 21094049]
HT-29	IC₅₀	133 nM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 2778449]
HT-29	IC₅₀	202.9 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human HT-29 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human HT-29 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells by WST-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells by WST-8 assay	[PMID: 38408511]
HeLa	IC₅₀	2.96 μM Compound: daunomycin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa3 cell line by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa3 cell line by MTT assay	[PMID: 16942037]
HeLa	IC₅₀	8 μM Compound: Daunorubicin (Daunomycin)	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of E217betaG uptake (E217betaG: 0.05 uM) in membrane vesicle from MRP1-expressing HeLa cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of E217betaG uptake (E217betaG: 0.05 uM) in membrane vesicle from MRP1-expressing HeLa cells	[PMID: 8621644]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: Dauno	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 21094049]
HepG2	IC₅₀	2.99 μM Compound: 92307396	HARVARD: Inhibition of liver stage Plasmodium berghei infection in HepG2 cells HARVARD: Inhibition of liver stage Plasmodium berghei infection in HepG2 cells	[PMID: 22586124]
HepG2	IC₅₀	21.3 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human HepG2 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human HepG2 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
HepG2	IC₅₀	22 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells by WST-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells by WST-8 assay	[PMID: 38408511]
HepG2	IC₅₀	9.12 μM Compound: 92307396	HARVARD: Cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line HARVARD: Cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line	[PMID: 22586124]
Jurkat	IC₅₀	82.6 nM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against Jurkat T lymphocytes by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Jurkat T lymphocytes by MTT assay	[PMID: 16366602]
K562	GI₅₀	0.0074 μM Compound: DAR	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 20591678]
K562	IC₅₀	0.141 μM Compound: 15	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells incubated for 2 hrs by cell titre blue viability assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells incubated for 2 hrs by cell titre blue viability assay	[PMID: 37561481]
K562	IC₅₀	0.141 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells incubated for 2 hrs followed by compound washout and measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-blue viability assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells incubated for 2 hrs followed by compound washout and measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-blue viability assay	[PMID: 39088428]
K562	IC₅₀	0.286 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells overexpressing ABCG2 incubated for 2 hrs followed by compound washout and measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-blue viability assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells overexpressing ABCG2 incubated for 2 hrs followed by compound washout and measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-blue viability assay	[PMID: 39088428]
K562	IC₅₀	0.45 μg/mL Compound: daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19606850]
K562	IC₅₀	0.686 μM Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells overexpressing ABCB1 incubated for 2 hrs followed by compound washout and measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-blue viability assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells overexpressing ABCB1 incubated for 2 hrs followed by compound washout and measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-blue viability assay	[PMID: 39088428]
K562	IC₅₀	1.49 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 6 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 6 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21493075]
K562	IC₅₀	13.3 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells by WST-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells by WST-8 assay	[PMID: 38408511]
K562	IC₅₀	15 nM Compound: DNR	Cytotoxicity against K562 cells by MTS Cytotoxicity against K562 cells by MTS	[PMID: 16451059]
K562	IC₅₀	15.2 μg/mL Compound: daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human doxorubicin-resistant K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human doxorubicin-resistant K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19606850]
K562	IC₅₀	8.5 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human doxorubicin-resistant K562 cells after 6 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human doxorubicin-resistant K562 cells after 6 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21493075]
K562	IC₅₀	> 5 μM Compound: DNR	Cytotoxicity against Dox-resistant K562 cells by MTS Cytotoxicity against Dox-resistant K562 cells by MTS	[PMID: 16451059]
KB	IC₅₀	0.22 μg/mL Compound: daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19606850]
KB	IC₅₀	0.45 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 6 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 6 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21493075]
KB	IC₅₀	0.64 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20363142]
KB	IC₅₀	2.07 μM Compound: DNR	In vitro cytotoxicity using human epidermoid carcinoma (KB-A1) cells In vitro cytotoxicity using human epidermoid carcinoma (KB-A1) cells	10.1016/0960-894X(96)00457-X
KB	IC₅₀	2.07 μM Compound: Daunomycin (DNR)	In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the KB-3-1 resistant to adriamycin (ADR) subline KB-A1 In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the KB-3-1 resistant to adriamycin (ADR) subline KB-A1	[PMID: 12443763]
KB 3-1	IC₅₀	0.007 μM Compound: DNR	In vitro cytotoxicity using human epidermoid carcinoma (KB-3-1) cells In vitro cytotoxicity using human epidermoid carcinoma (KB-3-1) cells	10.1016/0960-894X(96)00457-X
KB 3-1	IC₅₀	0.007 μM Compound: Daunomycin (DNR)	In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line KB-3-1 In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line KB-3-1	[PMID: 12443763]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.23 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells	[PMID: 690999]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells preincubated for 3 hrs followed by [3H]-thymidine addition measured after 1 hr by scintillation spectrometric analysis Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells preincubated for 3 hrs followed by [3H]-thymidine addition measured after 1 hr by scintillation spectrometric analysis	[PMID: 176359]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells preincubated for 3 hrs followed by [3H]-uridine addition measured after 1 hr by scintillation spectrometric analysis Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells preincubated for 3 hrs followed by [3H]-uridine addition measured after 1 hr by scintillation spectrometric analysis	[PMID: 176359]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.33 μM Compound: 1	Compound was evaluated for the 50% inhibition of the incorporation of [3H]- thymidine in the RNA (inhibition of synthesis in leukemia L1210 cells) Compound was evaluated for the 50% inhibition of the incorporation of [3H]- thymidine in the RNA (inhibition of synthesis in leukemia L1210 cells)	[PMID: 3761325]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.33 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells	[PMID: 423182]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.33 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells	[PMID: 490536]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.33 μM Compound: 2	Concentration of drug necessary to reduce by 50% the incorporation of tritiated uridine in the RNA of actively growing L1210 cells. Concentration of drug necessary to reduce by 50% the incorporation of tritiated uridine in the RNA of actively growing L1210 cells.	[PMID: 7086816]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.48 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells	[PMID: 690999]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.66 μM Compound: 1	Compound was evaluated for the 50% inhibition of the incorporation of [3H]- thymidine in the DNA (inhibition of synthesis in leukemia L1210 cells) Compound was evaluated for the 50% inhibition of the incorporation of [3H]- thymidine in the DNA (inhibition of synthesis in leukemia L1210 cells)	[PMID: 3761325]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.66 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells	[PMID: 423182]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.66 μM Compound: 1	Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells Inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse L1210 cells	[PMID: 490536]
L1210	ED₅₀	0.66 μM Compound: 2	Concentration of drug necessary to reduce by 50% the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in the DNA of actively growing L1210 cells Concentration of drug necessary to reduce by 50% the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in the DNA of actively growing L1210 cells	[PMID: 7086816]
L1210	IC₅₀	0.03 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Inhibitory activity was measured against murine L1210 leukemia cells. Inhibitory activity was measured against murine L1210 leukemia cells.	[PMID: 9733483]
L1210	IC₅₀	0.033 μM Compound: DNR	In vitro cytotoxicity using murine leukemia L1210 cells from american type culture collection. In vitro cytotoxicity using murine leukemia L1210 cells from american type culture collection.	10.1016/0960-894X(96)00457-X
L1210	IC₅₀	0.04 μM Compound: Daunomycin (DNR)	In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the murine leukemia L1210 cell line In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the murine leukemia L1210 cell line	[PMID: 12443763]
L5178Y	IC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: liposomal daunorubicin, DaunoXome	Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23199479]
L5178Y	IC₅₀	0.73 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23199479]
L5178Y	IC₅₀	2.32 μM Compound: liposomal daunorubicin, DaunoXome	Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells expressing p-gp after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells expressing p-gp after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23199479]
L5178Y	IC₅₀	7.73 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells expressing p-gp after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells expressing p-gp after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23199479]
LNCaP	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: Dau, daunomycin	Cytostatic activity against human LNCAP cells after 4 days by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human LNCAP cells after 4 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 22480495]
MCF7	GI₅₀	0.86 μM Compound: DAR	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 20591678]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.033 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 6 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 6 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21493075]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.33 μg/mL Compound: daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19606850]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: Dau, daunomycin	Cytostatic activity against human MCF7 cells after 4 days by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human MCF7 cells after 4 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 22480495]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.56 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31431363]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.5 μg/mL Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21109433]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.65 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells by XTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells by XTT assay	[PMID: 25467291]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.95 μM Compound: DAU	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 22260166]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.98 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antitumor activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay Antitumor activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 37229830]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1.44 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28923382]
MCF7	IC₅₀	286 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human MCF7 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human MCF7 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
MCF7	IC₅₀	33.9 μM Compound: DNR	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 24900668]
MCF7	IC₅₀	39 nM Compound: Daunomycin	Evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cell lines model of hormone dependent breast cancer Evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cell lines model of hormone dependent breast cancer	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)10152-4
MCF7	IC₅₀	5.03 μM Compound: DAR	Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells	[PMID: 21599000]
MCF7	IC₅₀	5.5 μM Compound: Dauno	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 21094049]
MCF7	IC₅₀	60 nmol equiv/L Compound: daunorubicin	compound was tested in vitro for inhibition activity against a sensitive human breast carcinoma line cells. compound was tested in vitro for inhibition activity against a sensitive human breast carcinoma line cells.	[PMID: 9258351]
MCF7	IC₅₀	60 nmol equiv/L Compound: daunorubicin	Compound was tested for its toxicity against human breast cancer cells(MCF-7) Compound was tested for its toxicity against human breast cancer cells(MCF-7)	[PMID: 9548820]
MDA-MB-231	GI₅₀	0.02 μM Compound: daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 19968258]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	0.091 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by XTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by XTT assay	[PMID: 25467291]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	52.9 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
MDA-MB-361	IC₅₀	17 nM Compound: Dauno	The compound was tested for intracellular cytotoxicity against MDA MB 361(mammary carcinoma cell line) expressing LacZ (beta-galactosidase). The compound was tested for intracellular cytotoxicity against MDA MB 361(mammary carcinoma cell line) expressing LacZ (beta-galactosidase).	[PMID: 10395490]
MDA-MB-361	IC₅₀	21 nM Compound: Dauno	The compound was tested for extracellular cytotoxicity against MDA MB 361(mammary carcinoma cell line) in the presence of stCPG2 prodrug The compound was tested for extracellular cytotoxicity against MDA MB 361(mammary carcinoma cell line) in the presence of stCPG2 prodrug	[PMID: 10395490]
MDA-MB-361	IC₅₀	36 nM Compound: Dauno	The compound was tested for intracellular cytotoxicity against MDA MB 361(mammary carcinoma cell line) in the presence of CPG2 prodrug The compound was tested for intracellular cytotoxicity against MDA MB 361(mammary carcinoma cell line) in the presence of CPG2 prodrug	[PMID: 10395490]
MDA-MB-435	IC₅₀	129 nM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 cells in presence of 5 uM 1,13-bis[4'-((5,7-dihydroxy)-4H-chromen-4-on-2-yl)phenyl]-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecane by ELISA Antiproliferative activity against multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 cells in presence of 5 uM 1,13-bis[4'-((5,7-dihydroxy)-4H-chromen-4-on-2-yl)phenyl]-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecane by ELISA	[PMID: 17154505]
MDA-MB-435	IC₅₀	79 nM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against MDA435/LCC6 cells by ELISA Antiproliferative activity against MDA435/LCC6 cells by ELISA	[PMID: 17154505]
MDA-MB-435	IC₅₀	977 nM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 cells by ELISA Antiproliferative activity against multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 cells by ELISA	[PMID: 17154505]
MEL-JUSO	IC₅₀	0.286 μM Compound: 15	Cytotoxicity against human MEL-JUSO cells incubated for 2 hrs by cell titre blue viability assay Cytotoxicity against human MEL-JUSO cells incubated for 2 hrs by cell titre blue viability assay	[PMID: 37561481]
MES-SA	IC₅₀	0.021 μM Compound: DNR	The compound was evaluated for the growth inhibition of MES-SA uterine tumor cell lines using MTT assay. The compound was evaluated for the growth inhibition of MES-SA uterine tumor cell lines using MTT assay.	[PMID: 10698449]
MES-SA	IC₅₀	0.07 μM Compound: Daunomycin (DNR)	In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the human uterine sarcoma cell line MES-SA In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the human uterine sarcoma cell line MES-SA	[PMID: 12443763]
MES-SA	IC₅₀	20 nM Compound: daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against drug sensitive Messa cell line by Alamar Blue assay Antiproliferative activity against drug sensitive Messa cell line by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 17286393]
MES-SA	IC₅₀	3 μM Compound: Daunomycin (DNR)	In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the MES-SA multidrug-resistant subline MES-SA/Dx5 In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the MES-SA multidrug-resistant subline MES-SA/Dx5	[PMID: 12443763]
MES-SA/Dx5	IC₅₀	0.014 μM Compound: DNR	The compound was evaluated for the growth inhibition of Dx5 w/PSC cell lines using MTT assay. The compound was evaluated for the growth inhibition of Dx5 w/PSC cell lines using MTT assay.	[PMID: 10698449]
MES-SA/Dx5	IC₅₀	2 μM Compound: DNR	The compound was evaluated for the growth inhibition of Dx5 cell lines using MTT assay. The compound was evaluated for the growth inhibition of Dx5 cell lines using MTT assay.	[PMID: 10698449]
MES-SA/Dx5	IC₅₀	> 400 nM Compound: daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against drug resistant Messa/DX5 cell line expressing MDR1 by Alamar Blue assay Antiproliferative activity against drug resistant Messa/DX5 cell line expressing MDR1 by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 17286393]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.078 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells by XTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells by XTT assay	[PMID: 25467291]
MRC5	IC₅₀	0.88 μM Compound: DAR	Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells	[PMID: 21599000]
MRC5	IC₅₀	254.7 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human MRC5 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human MRC5 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
NCI-H1299	IC₅₀	0.096 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human H1299 cells by XTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human H1299 cells by XTT assay	[PMID: 25467291]
NCI-H1650	IC₅₀	47.5 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human NCI-H1650 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human NCI-H1650 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
NCI-H1975	IC₅₀	13.3 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human NCI-H1975 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human NCI-H1975 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
NCI-H460	GI₅₀	0.38 μM Compound: DAR	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 20591678]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	0.38 μM Compound: DAR	Anticancer activity against human NCI-H460 cells Anticancer activity against human NCI-H460 cells	[PMID: 21599000]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	3.5 nM Compound: Daunomycin	Evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity against NIC-H460 cell lines derived from large cell carcinoma of the lung Evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity against NIC-H460 cell lines derived from large cell carcinoma of the lung	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)10152-4
NCI-H69	IC₅₀	100 nM Compound: daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against drug sensitive NCI-H69 cell line by Alamar Blue assay Antiproliferative activity against drug sensitive NCI-H69 cell line by Alamar Blue assay	[PMID: 17286393]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	2000 nmol equiv/L Compound: daunorubicin	compound was tested in vitro for inhibition activity against doxorubicin resistant counterpart of human breast carcinoma line cells. compound was tested in vitro for inhibition activity against doxorubicin resistant counterpart of human breast carcinoma line cells.	[PMID: 9258351]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	2000 nmol equiv/L Compound: daunorubicin	Compound was tested for its toxicity against doxorubicin resistant human breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR). Compound was tested for its toxicity against doxorubicin resistant human breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR).	[PMID: 9548820]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	51.62 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7/ADR cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7/ADR cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 33725657]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	51.62 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antitumor activity against human MCF7ADR cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay Antitumor activity against human MCF7ADR cells incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 37229830]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	7.12 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Growth inhibition of human MCF7/ADR cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Growth inhibition of human MCF7/ADR cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 28246041]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	0.044 μM Compound: Dounorubicin	Intrinsic cytotoxicity against wild type mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Intrinsic cytotoxicity against wild type mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18954040]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	1.01 μM Compound: Dounorubicin	Intrinsic cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells overexpressing MDR1 after 72 hrs by MTT assay Intrinsic cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells overexpressing MDR1 after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18954040]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: Dauno	Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 3 days by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 3 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 21094049]
NSCLC	IC₅₀	3.9 nM Compound: Daunomycin	Evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity against NYH cell lines derived from small cell lung cancer Evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity against NYH cell lines derived from small cell lung cancer	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)10152-4
OVCAR-3	IC₅₀	472.9 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human OVCAR3 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human OVCAR3 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
P388	IC₅₀	25 nM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against P388 cells by ELISA Antiproliferative activity against P388 cells by ELISA	[PMID: 17154505]
P388	IC₅₀	28 nM Compound: Daunomycin	Antiproliferative activity against mouse P388 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against mouse P388 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 2778449]
P388	IC₅₀	3 nM Compound: DNR	Compound was evaluated for cytotoxicity against P388 leukemia cell line. Compound was evaluated for cytotoxicity against P388 leukemia cell line.	[PMID: 10479297]
P388/ADR	IC₅₀	106 nM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against adriamycin resistant P388 cells in presence of 5 uM 1,13-bis[4'-((5,7-dihydroxy)-4H-chromen-4-on-2-yl)phenyl]-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecane by ELISA Antiproliferative activity against adriamycin resistant P388 cells in presence of 5 uM 1,13-bis[4'-((5,7-dihydroxy)-4H-chromen-4-on-2-yl)phenyl]-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecane by ELISA	[PMID: 17154505]
P388/ADR	IC₅₀	2111 nM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against adriamycin resistant P388 cells by ELISA Antiproliferative activity against adriamycin resistant P388 cells by ELISA	[PMID: 17154505]
P388/ADR	IC₅₀	40 nM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against adriamycin resistant P388 cells in presence of 5 uM verapamil by ELISA Antiproliferative activity against adriamycin resistant P388 cells in presence of 5 uM verapamil by ELISA	[PMID: 17154505]
PANC-1	IC₅₀	466.7 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human PANC1 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human PANC1 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
PC-3	IC₅₀	170.1 nM Compound: 1a; DNR	Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by alamar blue assay Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by alamar blue assay	[PMID: 38412432]
PC-3	IC₅₀	26 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human PC3 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human PC3 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
RD	IC₅₀	2.45 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Cytotoxicity in human RD cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity in human RD cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28923382]
RD	IC₅₀	2.45 μM Compound: Daunorubicin	Antiproliferative activity against human RD cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human RD cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31431363]
SF-268	GI₅₀	0.6 μM Compound: DAR	Cytotoxicity against human SF268 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SF268 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 20591678]
SF-268	IC₅₀	0.6 μM Compound: DAR	Anticancer activity against human SF268 cells Anticancer activity against human SF268 cells	[PMID: 21599000]
SK-MES-1	IC₅₀	0.17 μM Compound: DAU	Antiproliferative activity against human SKMES1 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human SKMES1 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 22260166]
SK-OV-3	IC₅₀	20.6 μM Compound: DNR	Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells after 24 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 24900668]
THP-1	IC₅₀	26.9 μM Compound: DNM	Cytotoxicity against PMA-stimulated human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against PMA-stimulated human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22939695]
U-87MG ATCC	IC₅₀	27.9 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human U87 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human U87 cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
U2OS	IC₅₀	0.061 μM Compound: 15	Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells incubated for 2 hrs by cell titre blue viability assay Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells incubated for 2 hrs by cell titre blue viability assay	[PMID: 37561481]
Vero	IC₅₀	2.5 μM Compound: Dauno	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 3 days by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 3 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 21094049]
WALKER	IC₅₀	47 nM Compound: Daunomycin	In vitro antiproliferative activity against Walker cell line In vitro antiproliferative activity against Walker cell line	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)10152-4
WiDr	IC₅₀	240.1 nM Compound: Dau	Cytostatic activity against human WiDr cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human WiDr cells preincubated for 24 hrs under serum free condition followed by compound washout and further incubation for 48 hrs in presence of serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 31100648]
YOSHIDA	IC₅₀	7.4 nM Compound: Daunomycin	In vitro antiproliferative activity against Yoshida cell lines In vitro antiproliferative activity against Yoshida cell lines	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)10152-4
YOSHIDA	IC₅₀	< 0.02 μM Compound: Daunomycin	Concentration inhibiting [3H]TdR incorporation in Yoshida sarcoma tumor cells in vitro in rats Concentration inhibiting [3H]TdR incorporation in Yoshida sarcoma tumor cells in vitro in rats	[PMID: 1322986]

In Vitro

Daunorubicin (0-256 μg/mL, 30 min) inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis in sensitive and resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells^[2].
Daunorubicin (7 nM-1.9 μM, 72 h) shows chemosensitivity in Molt-4 cells and L3.6 cells^[3]^[4].
Daunorubicin (0.4 μM, 48 h) induces apoptotic and necrosis in L3.6 cells^[4].
Daunorubicin (0.4 μM, 120 min) induces ROS generation in L3.6 cells^[4].
Daunorubicin (2 μM, 24 h) induces autophagy in K562 cells (myeloid cell line)^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[3]^[4]

Cell Line:	Molt-4 cells (a human T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line), L3.6 cells (metastatic human pancreatic cell line)
Concentration:	7 nM-1.9 μM
Incubation Time:	72 h
Result:	Inhibited cell viability with IC₅₀ values of 40 nM (Molt-4) and 400 nM (L3.6).

Apoptosis Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:	L3.6 cells
Concentration:	0.4 μM
Incubation Time:	24 h, 48 h
Result:	Induced necrosis without apoptosis at 24 h, induced both an apoptotic and extensive necrotic response at 48 h.

Western Blot Analysis^[6]

Cell Line:	K562 cells
Concentration:	2 μM
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	Enabled the switch of LC3-I into LC3-II, accompanied with a significant increased expression level of LC3.

In Vivo

Daunorubicin (intravenous injection, 3 mg/kg, three times at 48 h intervals.) produces cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats^[5].
Daunorubicin (intraperitoneal injection, 10 mg/kg) induces sister chromatid exchanges in mice^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Male Sprague-Dawley rats^[5]
Dosage:	3 mg/kg
Administration:	Intravenous injection, three times at 48 h intervals.
Result:	Caused a significant increase in MDA (malondialdehyde) level in renal tissue, accompanied by a significant reduction in total GPx activity. Increased urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine, and BUN level.

Molecular Weight

527.52

Formula

C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₀

CAS No.

20830-81-3

Appearance

Solid

Color

Orange to red

SMILES

O=C(C(C(OC)=CC=C1)=C1C2=O)C3=C2C(O)=C(C[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)C[C@@H]4O[C@@]5([H])C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O5)C4=C3O

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Streptomyces peucetius and S. peucetius subsp. caesius

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (189.57 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	1.8957 mL	9.4783 mL	18.9566 mL
5 mM	0.3791 mL	1.8957 mL	3.7913 mL
10 mM	0.1896 mL	0.9478 mL	1.8957 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

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In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.94%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (285 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (257 KB) HNMR (489 KB) RP-HPLC (255 KB) LCMS (93 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Lehmann M, et al. Activity of topoisomerase inhibitors daunorubicin, idarubicin, and aclarubicin in the Drosophila Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2004;43(4):250-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. Dano K, et al. Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis by daunorubicin in sensitive and resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro. Cancer Res. 1972 Jun;32(6):1307-14. [Content Brief]

[3]. Svensson SP, et al. Melanin inhibits cytotoxic effects of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin in MOLT 4 cells. Pigment Cell Res. 2003 Aug;16(4):351-4 [Content Brief]

[4]. Gervasoni JE Jr, et al. An effective in vitro antitumor response against human pancreatic carcinoma with paclitaxel and Daunorubicin by induction of both necrosis and apoptosis. Anticancer Res. 2004 Sep-Oct;24(5A):2617-26 [Content Brief]

[5]. Arozal W, et al. Telmisartan prevents the progression of renal injury in daunorubicin rats with the alteration of angiotensin II and endothelin-1 receptor expression associated with its PPAR-γ agonist actions. Toxicology. 2011 Jan 11;279(1-3):91-9. [Content Brief]

[6]. Emeline Bollaert, et al. MiR-15a-5p Confers Chemoresistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Inhibiting Autophagy Induced by Daunorubicin. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 13;22(10):5153. [Content Brief]

[7]. Cheng Wu, et al. Doxorubicin suppresses chondrocyte differentiation by stimulating ROS production. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021 Dec 1;167:106013. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO	1 mM	1.8957 mL	9.4783 mL	18.9566 mL	47.3916 mL
	5 mM	0.3791 mL	1.8957 mL	3.7913 mL	9.4783 mL
	10 mM	0.1896 mL	0.9478 mL	1.8957 mL	4.7392 mL
	15 mM	0.1264 mL	0.6319 mL	1.2638 mL	3.1594 mL
	20 mM	0.0948 mL	0.4739 mL	0.9478 mL	2.3696 mL
	25 mM	0.0758 mL	0.3791 mL	0.7583 mL	1.8957 mL
	30 mM	0.0632 mL	0.3159 mL	0.6319 mL	1.5797 mL
	40 mM	0.0474 mL	0.2370 mL	0.4739 mL	1.1848 mL
	50 mM	0.0379 mL	0.1896 mL	0.3791 mL	0.9478 mL
	60 mM	0.0316 mL	0.1580 mL	0.3159 mL	0.7899 mL
	80 mM	0.0237 mL	0.1185 mL	0.2370 mL	0.5924 mL
	100 mM	0.0190 mL	0.0948 mL	0.1896 mL	0.4739 mL

Daunorubicin Related Classifications

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Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Daunorubicin (Synonyms: Daunomycin; RP 13057; Rubidomycin)

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Daunorubicin Related Antibodies

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View All Topoisomerase Isoform Specific Products:

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