Deoxycholic acid
Based on 27 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid), a bile acid, is a by-product of intestinal metabolism, that activates the G protein-coupled bile acid receptorTGR5.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.94%
- CAS No.: 83-44-3
- Formula: C24H40O4
- Molecular Weight:392.57
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Deoxycholic acid
More- Nature. 2026 Mar;651(8104):251-259. [Abstract]
- Nature. 2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. [Abstract]
- Cell Res. 2019 Mar;29(3):193-205. [Abstract]
- Nat Cell Biol. 2018 Oct;20(10):1145-1158. [Abstract]
- Cell Host Microbe. 2025 Aug 19:S1931-3128(25)00291-4. [Abstract]
- Cell Host Microbe. 2025 Jun 11;33(6):915-931.e9. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Feb 3:e2411719. [Abstract]
- Microbiome. 2019 Mar 20;7(1):43. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec 31;17(1):2582944. [Abstract]
- Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2025 Apr 11. [Abstract]
- Mater Today Bio. 2026 Feb 1:37:102843. [Abstract]
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2026 Feb 21:e05684. [Abstract]
- Genes Dis. 2026 Jan 24.
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 May;266(Pt 1):130939. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2024 Dec 20;22(1):1124. [Abstract]
- Chin Med J (Engl). 2025 Jun 16. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2020 Jul 6;6:56. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Sep 17;44(10):116306. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell Int. 2019 Jan 31:19:24. [Abstract]
- J Invest Dermatol. 2022 May;142(5):1381-1390.e11. [Abstract]
- Drug Metab Dispos. 2021 May;49(5):369-378. [Abstract]
- Biomedicines. 2025 Apr 4;13(4):874. [Abstract]
- Aquaculture. 2023 Sep 18, 740123.
- Microb Pathog. 2026 Jan:210:108187. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2025 Jul 15:259:116760. [Abstract]
- R Soc Open Sci. 2020 Jul 8;7(7):200635. [Abstract]
- Laurea Magistrale in Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano. 2019 Jun.
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RT-PCR
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RT-PCR
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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WB
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WB
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Microbial Metabolite |
Human Endogenous Metabolite |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHO | EC50 |
1.25 μM
Compound: 7, DCA
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Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay
Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay
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[PMID: 18307294] |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
50 μM
Compound: 4, DCA
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Agonist activity at human recombinant FXR expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing CMX-GAL4N by luciferase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at human recombinant FXR expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing CMX-GAL4N by luciferase reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 22583617] |
| HEK-293T | EC50 |
>150 μM
Compound: DCA
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Agonist activity at VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay
Agonist activity at VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay
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[PMID: 26774929] |
| HEK-293T | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: DCA
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Antagonist activity against VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay
Antagonist activity against VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay
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[PMID: 26774929] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: DCA
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Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 28688958] |
| HET-1A | CC50 |
257 μM
Compound: 10 DCA
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Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 20713311] |
| HT-29 | IC50 |
>80 μM
Compound: DCA
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Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
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[PMID: 27448915] |
| HuTu80 | IC50 |
82.9 μM
Compound: DCA
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Antiproliferative activity against human HuTu 80 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human HuTu 80 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 28688958] |
| KB 3-1 | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: DCA
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Antiproliferative activity against human KB3-1 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human KB3-1 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 28688958] |
| PC-3M | IC50 |
>80 μM
Compound: DCA
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Antiproliferative activity against human PC3M cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
Antiproliferative activity against human PC3M cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
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[PMID: 27448915] |
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) (100 μM) induces the production of gastric cancer cell line MGC803 resistant to acidified bile acids and enhances their survival and proliferation activity under bile acid stress[2].
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) (100 μM)-induced resistant cells shows altered morphology, significantly elevated telomerase activity, better cell viability and reduces apoptosis compared to normal MGC803 cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 83-44-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 392.57
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Formula C24H40O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[C@@]1([C@@]2([H])[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)[C@](CC2)([H])[C@@](CC[C@@]3([H])[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](O)C3)C)([H])[C@]4([H])C[C@@H]1O
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Synonyms
Cholanoic acid; Desoxycholic acid
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (27)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2026 Mar;651(8104):251-259. PMID: 41606314 -
Nature
2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227 -
Cell Res
Virus-induced accumulation of intracellular bile acids activates the TGR5-β-arrestin-SRC axis to enable innate antiviral immunity. [Abstract]2019 Mar;29(3):193-205. PMID: 30651583
Deoxycholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Res. 2019 Mar;29(3):193-205. [Abstract]
Virus-triggered accumulation of intracellular bile acids (BAs) promotes cellular antiviral response. Effects of BAs on virus-induced transcription of antiviral genes. Raw264.7 cells were infected with HSV-1 or SeV for 30 min and treated with Lithocholic acid (LCA) (0.1 mM), Chenodeoxycholic Acid (CDCA) (0.1 mM) or Deoxycholic acid (DCA) (0.1 mM) for 6 h before qPCR analysis of the indicated mRNA levels.
Deoxycholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Res. 2019 Mar;29(3):193-205. [Abstract]
Examination of intracellular bile acids (BA) levels after cells were treated with exogenous BAs. Raw264.7 cells were infected with HSV-1 or SeV for 30 min and treated with Lithocholic acid (LCA) (0.1 mM), Chenodeoxycholic Acid (CDCA) (0.1 mM) or Deoxycholic acid (DCA) (0.1 mM) for 6 h before BA assays were performed.
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Nat Cell Biol
Genome-wide screening of NEAT1 regulators reveals cross-regulation between paraspeckles and mitochondria. [Abstract]2018 Oct;20(10):1145-1158. PMID: 30250064 -
Cell Host Microbe
2025 Aug 19:S1931-3128(25)00291-4. PMID: 40848719 -
Cell Host Microbe
Microbiota-derived urocanic acid triggered by tyrosine kinase inhibitors potentiates cancer immunotherapy efficacy. [Abstract]2025 Jun 11;33(6):915-931.e9. PMID: 40441145 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Targeting FDFT1 Reduces Cholesterol and Bile Acid Production and Delays Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through the HNF4A/ALDOB/AKT1 Axis. [Abstract]2025 Feb 3:e2411719. PMID: 39899681
Deoxycholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Feb 3:e2411719. [Abstract]
The mRNA levels of ALDOB in Huh7 or HCCLM3 cells treated with various bile acids (100 μM, 24 h). All data are presented as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple-comparison correction. CA, cholic acid; TCA, taurocholic acid; GCA, glycocholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; TLCA, taurolithocholic acid; GLCA, glycolithocholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; TDCA, taurodeoxycholic acid; GDCA, glycodeoxycholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; GUDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid.
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Microbiome
Species-specific enhancement of enterohemorrhagic E. coli pathogenesis mediated by microbiome metabolites. [Abstract]2019 Mar 20;7(1):43. PMID: 30890187 -
Gut Microbes
Antibiotic cocktail-induced changes in gut microbiota drive alteration of bile acid metabolism to restrain Th17 differentiation through the FXR-NLRP3 axis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 31;17(1):2582944. PMID: 41305918 -
Nat Cardiovasc Res
The gut microbiota-bile acid-TGR5 axis orchestrates platelet activation and atherothrombosis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 11. PMID: 40217125 -
Mater Today Bio
Living bacterial reactor potently activates tumor immunogenic ferroptosis via cysteine depletion and photothermal therapy. [Abstract]2026 Feb 1:37:102843. PMID: 41704298 -
Adv Healthc Mater
An Injectable Liposome-Hydrogel Composite for Targeted Delivery of a Non-Lactylated Peptide to Rebalance Bone Metabolism in Hyperlipidemia. [Abstract]2026 Feb 21:e05684. PMID: 41721628 -
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Int J Biol Macromol
2024 May;266(Pt 1):130939. PMID: 38493816 -
J Transl Med
Conjugated bile acids alleviate acute pancreatitis through inhibition of TGR5 and NLRP3 mediated inflammation. [Abstract]2024 Dec 20;22(1):1124. PMID: 39707318 -
Chin Med J (Engl)
2025 Jun 16. PMID: 40518567 -
Cell Death Discov
TGR5-HNF4α axis contributes to bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia markers expression. [Abstract]2020 Jul 6;6:56. PMID: 32655894 -
Cell Rep
Multilevel regulation of c-di-GMP biosynthesis by cAMP signaling increases Shigella sonnei fitness and pathogenicity in response to bile salts. [Abstract]2025 Sep 17;44(10):116306. PMID: 40966079 -
Cancer Cell Int
SOX2 interferes with the function of CDX2 in bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia. [Abstract]2019 Jan 31:19:24. PMID: 30733645
Deoxycholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell Int. 2019 Jan 31:19:24. [Abstract]
The expression of CDX2, KLF4, HNF4α, and cadherin 17 is increased upon stimulation with DCA in a dose-dependent manner.
Deoxycholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell Int. 2019 Jan 31:19:24. [Abstract]
The expression of CDX2, KLF4, HNF4α, and cadherin 17 is increased upon stimulation with DCA in a dose-dependent manner.
Deoxycholic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell Int. 2019 Jan 31:19:24. [Abstract]
Western blotting results indicated that the inhibition of SOX2 in bile acid-treated AGS cells is partially rescued in miR-21 knockdown AGS cells.
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J Invest Dermatol
Bile Acids Improve Psoriasiform Dermatitis through Inhibition of IL-17A Expression and CCL20-CCR6-Mediated Trafficking of T Cells. [Abstract]2022 May;142(5):1381-1390.e11. PMID: 34808237 -
Drug Metab Dispos
2021 May;49(5):369-378. PMID: 33674269 -
Biomedicines
2025 Apr 4;13(4):874. PMID: 40299495 -
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Microb Pathog
Lithocholic acid exerts antiviral activity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by enhancing TGR5-mediated type III interferon production. [Abstract]2026 Jan:210:108187. PMID: 41242567 -
J Pharm Biomed Anal
Integrating 16S rDNA sequencing analysis and targeted metabolomics to explore the mechanism of Xiexin Tang in treating atherosclerosis mice induced by high-fat diet. [Abstract]2025 Jul 15:259:116760. PMID: 40014894 -
R Soc Open Sci
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for quantitation of the recently Food and Drug Administration approved combination of vaborbactam and meropenem in human plasma. [Abstract]2020 Jul 8;7(7):200635. PMID: 32874656 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (254.73 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 15% Solutol HS 15 10% Cremophor EL 35% PEG400 40% Water
Solubility: 10 mg/mL (25.47 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
MGC803 cells are cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute media supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 100 U/mL Penicillin and 100 mg/mL Streptomycin. To generate MGC803-resistant cells, the pH value of the MGC803 culture medium is adjusted to the experimental conditions using the hydrochloric acid (A). The bile acids GCDA and Deoxycholic acid are diluted to optimal working concentrations of 100 μM (B) with culture medium, and the overall pH (A+B) is adjusted to pH 5.5, simulating the gastric environment. Initially, MGC803 cells are chronically exposed to acidified medium with bile acids (A+B) for 10 min every 24 h. The experimental time and conditions are optimized in our preliminary experiments, which show that 10 min is enough and does not result in cell damage. This procedure is repeated and it takes 60 weeks for the MGC803 cells to survive and proliferate under the exposure of A+B for 120 min. Control untreated cells are cultured in neutral RPMI medium at pH 7.4 in parallel to the resistant cells for 60 weeks. The morphological changes in MGC803 cells exposed to acidified bile acids (A+B) are documented at 30 and 60 weeks[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (275 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Somm E, et al. β-Klotho deficiency protects against obesity through a crosstalk between liver, microbiota, and brown adipose tissue. JCI Insight. 2017 Apr 20;2(8). pii: 91809. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wang X, et al. Acidified bile acids enhance tumor progression and telomerase activity of gastric cancer in micedependent on c-Myc expression. Cancer Med. 2017 Apr;6(4):788-797. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.5473 mL | 12.7366 mL | 25.4732 mL | 63.6829 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5095 mL | 2.5473 mL | 5.0946 mL | 12.7366 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2547 mL | 1.2737 mL | 2.5473 mL | 6.3683 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1698 mL | 0.8491 mL | 1.6982 mL | 4.2455 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1274 mL | 0.6368 mL | 1.2737 mL | 3.1841 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1019 mL | 0.5095 mL | 1.0189 mL | 2.5473 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0849 mL | 0.4246 mL | 0.8491 mL | 2.1228 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0637 mL | 0.3184 mL | 0.6368 mL | 1.5921 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0509 mL | 0.2547 mL | 0.5095 mL | 1.2737 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0425 mL | 0.2123 mL | 0.4246 mL | 1.0614 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0318 mL | 0.1592 mL | 0.3184 mL | 0.7960 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0255 mL | 0.1274 mL | 0.2547 mL | 0.6368 mL |