2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0305R
    5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    5-Aminolevulinic acid (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5-Aminolevulinic acid (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 0
    5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-139253
    MRIA9
    		Inducer 98.88%
    MRIA9, a chemical probe, is an ATP-competitive, pan Salt-Inducible kinase (SIK) and PAK2/3 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 516 nM, 180 nM and 127 nM for SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3, respectively.
    MRIA9
  • HY-15883
    GNE-900
    		Inducer 98.58%
    GNE-900 is a an ATP-competitive, selective, and orally active ChK1 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.0011, 1.5 μM for ChKl, ChK2, respectively. GNE-900 abrogates the G2-M checkpoint, enhances DNA damage, and induces Apoptosis. Gemcitabine (HY-17026) and GNE-900 administration shows anti-tumor activity.
    GNE-900
  • HY-149530
    EGFR-IN-86
    		Inducer 99.92%
    EGFR-IN-86 (compound 4i) is an EGFR inhibitor (IC50: 1.5 nM) with high activity against glioblastoma. EGFR-IN-86 induces apoptosis and arrests the U87 cell cycle in the G2/M phase.
    EGFR-IN-86
  • HY-103275
    Adaphostin
    		Inducer 99.02%
    Adaphostin (NSC 680410), the adamantyl ester of AG957, is a potent p210bcr/abl inhibitor (IC50=14 μM). Adaphostin induces apoptosis in T-lymphoblastic human leukemia cell lines (IC50 ranging from 17 to 216 nM). Adaphostin has significant and selective activity against chronic and acute myeloid leukemia cells. Adaphostin increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within CLL B cells.
    Adaphostin
  • HY-125847
    Salvianolic acid F
    		Inducer 99.50%
    Salvianolic acid F is a KRAS inhibitor, especially for KRAS G12D. Salvianolic acid F inhibits NF-kB, MMP-9, and NO simultaneously. Salvianolic acid F inhibits cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration and induces apoptosis via the EP300/PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro. Salvianolic acid F inhibits the growth of KRAS-dependent lung cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vivo. Salvianolic acid F can be used in the research of various cancers, including KRAS G12D-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ovarian cancer.
    Salvianolic acid F
  • HY-P99712
    Lonigutamab
    		Inducer
    Lonigutamab (hz208F2-4) is a humanized anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, serveing as a targeting vector for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Lonigutamab causes G2-M phase cell cycle arrest and increases apoptosis in IGF-1R-overexpressing tumor cells. Lonigutamab demonstrates potent antitumor efficacy in IGF-1R-overexpressing xenograft models. Lonigutamab can be used for the study of Solid tumors with overexpression of IGF-1R and thyroid eye diseases.
    Lonigutamab
  • HY-146805
    EB1
    		Inducer 99.91%
    EB1 is the inhibitor of kinases MNK with IC50s of 0.69 μM (MNK1) and 9.4 μM (MNK2). EB1 selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells, but not normal cells. EB1 also increases cell apoptosis and suppresses eIF4E phosphorylation.
    EB1
  • HY-18006
    NKP608
    		Inducer 99.88%
    NKP608 is a non-peptidic derivative of 4-aminopiperidine, a highly selective, orally active, neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist with IC50 of 2.6 nM. NKP608 is active both in vitro and in vivo, showing extremely low affinity for NK2, NK3 receptors. NKP608 exerts its effects by blocking the NK₁ receptor, regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, affect neurotransmitter functions and gastric mucosal repair mechanisms, and suppress the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in antitumor research. NKP608 is applicable to research related to various diseases, including cough, anxiety disorders, depression, gastric mucosal injury, and colorectal cancer.
    NKP608
  • HY-W674241
    4-Ethylphenyl sulfate
    		Inducer
    4-Ethylphenyl sulfate is an orally active and brain-penetrant gut microbial metabolite. 4-Ethylphenyl sulfate downregulates Bcl2 expression, upregulates Bax expression, and induces cancer cell apoptosis via the endogenous apoptotic pathway. 4-Ethylphenyl sulfate induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. 4-Ethylphenyl sulfate impairs oligodendrocyte maturation, reduces oligodendrocyte-neuron interactions, decreases axonal myelination levels, and shifts the oligodendrocyte population toward immature precursor cells. 4-Ethylphenyl sulfate alters brain region-specific neural activity and functional connectivity in mice, and correlates with anxiety-like behaviors in mice.
    4-Ethylphenyl sulfate
  • HY-N6872
    Actein
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Actein, a triterpene glycoside, shows an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. Actein suppresses cell proliferation, induces autophagy and apoptosis through promoting ROS/JNK activation, and blunting AKT pathway in bladder cancer. Actein has little toxicity in vivo.
    Actein
  • HY-W145436
    Thalidomide-Piperazine 5-fluoride hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.91%
    Thalidomide-Piperazine 5-fluoride hydrochloride is a derivative of cereblon (CRBN) inhibitor Thalidomide (HY-14658), which can be used as ligands for E3 ubiquitin ligase (Ligands for E3 Ligase) for PROTACs Synthesis.
    Thalidomide-Piperazine 5-fluoride hydrochloride
  • HY-77591S
    Cysteamine-d4 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Cysteamine-d4 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Cysteamine hydrochloride. Cysteamine hydrochloride (2-Aminoethanethiol hydrochloride) is an orally active agent for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant.
    Cysteamine-d<sub>4</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-N1243
    Tubulysin B
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Tubulysin B is a highly cytotoxic peptide and potent microtubule destabilizing agents isolated from the myxobacteria Archangium geophyra and Angiococcus disciformis. Tubulysin B has IC50 values in the picomolar range against many cancer cell lines, including those with multidrug resistant properties.Tubulysin B is a cytotoxic activity tubulysin which inhibits tubulin polymerization and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
    Tubulysin B
  • HY-15097R
    Myricetin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Myricetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Myricetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Myricetin is a common plant-derived flavonoid with a wide range of activities including strong anti-oxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Myricetin (Standard)
  • HY-N0117A
    (Z)-Indirubin
    		Inducer 99.95%
    (Z)-Indirubin is an isomer of Indirubin (HY-N0117). Indirubin is a bis-indole alkaloid and has emarkable anticancer activity against chronic myelocytic leukemia.
    (Z)-Indirubin
  • HY-N0680S3
    Thiamine-13C3 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Thiamine-13C3 (hydrochloride) is the 13C-labeled Thiamine (hydrochloride). Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.
    Thiamine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-178500A
    WCY-8-67 TFA
    		Inducer 99.40%
    WCY-8-67 TFA is an orally active and selective USP5 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 1.33 μM. WCY-8-67 TFA induces apoptosis and suppresses JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. WCY-8-67 TFA inhibits proliferation of AE-positive AML cells, induces G1 phase arrest and differentiation of AML cells. WCY-8-67 TFA demonstrates potent anti-leukemic efficacy in mice. WCY-8-67 TFA can be used for the study of acute myeloid leukemia.
    WCY-8-67 TFA
  • HY-16445B
    CNDAC hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.01%
    CNDAC hydrochloride is a metabolite of the orally active agent Sapacitabine (HY-16445), and a nucleoside analog. CNDAC hydrochloride induces DNA damage and apoptosis.
    CNDAC hydrochloride
  • HY-N0565R
    Doxycycline (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Doxycycline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Doxycycline (HY-N0565). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Doxycycline is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers.
    Doxycycline (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity