2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-122759
    CPA-7
    		Inducer
    CPA7 is a novel Stat3 inhibitor. CPA7 downregulates survivin, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1. CPA7 induces Apoptosis. CPA7 enhances the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer. CPA7 has anti-cancer effects against prostate cancer.
    CPA-7
  • HY-119398
    Lanuginosine
    		Inducer 98.27%
    Lanuginosine is an alkaloid. Lanuginosine can be isolated from the stems of Xylopia laevigata (Annonaceae) and the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora. Lanuginosine induces Apoptosis. Lanuginosine inhibits AChE (IC50: 10.9 μM). Lanuginosine inhibits Aβ aggregation. Lanuginosine exhibits anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma, human promyelocytic leukemia, human chronic myeloid leukemia, melanoma, and brain tumors. Lanuginosine can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    Lanuginosine
  • HY-122611
    CSRM617
    		Inducer
    CSRM617 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2, a master regulator of androgen receptor) with a Kd of 7.43 uM in SPR assays, binding to OC2-HOX domain directly. CSRM617 induces apoptosis by appearance of cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP. CSRM617 is well tolerated in the prostate cancer mouse model
    CSRM617
  • HY-N16420
    Illudin B
    		Inducer
    Illudin B is a DNA-targeting cytotoxin that forms interstrand DNA crosslinks via covalent binding, disrupting DNA replication and transcription. Illudin B induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, showing toxicity against multiple tumor cells (e.g., leukemia, breast, lung cancer).
    Illudin B
  • HY-129356
    Seco-Duocarmycin SA
    Seco-Duocarmycin SA is a DNA alkylator. Seco-Duocarmycin SA is an antitumor antibiotic (IC50 = 10 pM). Seco-Duocarmycin SA can induce a concentration-dependent increase in apoptotic cell death. Seco-Duocarmycin SA can lead to significant cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases. Seco-Duocarmycin SA acts as an ADC cytotoxin for antibody-drug conjugates.
    Seco-Duocarmycin SA
  • HY-W584520
    Thalidomide-4-NH-PEG1-NH-Boc
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-4-NH-PEG1-NH-Boc is a Boc-modified Thalidomide (HY-14658) that acts as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN protein. The Boc protecting group at the end of Thalidomide-4-NH-PEG1-NH-Boc can be removed under acidic conditions to participate in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules. Thalidomide-4-NH-PEG1-NH-Boc is a key intermediate in the synthesis of CRBN-based PROTAC molecules.
    Thalidomide-4-NH-PEG1-NH-Boc
  • HY-120409
    AB1
    		Inhibitor
    AB1 is a highly selective S1P2 receptor antagonist (IC50=3.5 nM). AB1 inhibits sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling, suppressing tumor cell migration, angiogenesis, and profibrotic mediator CTGF expression while inducing apoptosis. AB1 is promising for research of solid tumors.
    AB1
  • HY-W724326
    Tebuconazole-d4
    Tebuconazole-d4 is the deuterium labeled Tebuconazole (HY-B0852). Tebuconazole is an orally active agricultural azole fungicide which can also inhibit CYP51 with IC50s of 0.9 and 1.3 μM for Candida albicans CYP51 (CaCYP51) and truncated Homo sapiens CYP51 (Δ60HsCYP51), respectively. Tebuconazole induces lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in HepG2 Cells. Tebuconazole decreases MAC-T cells viability and proliferation, induces ER-stress-mediated apoptosis and increases oxidative stress levels in MAC-T cells.
    Tebuconazole-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N1428S2
    Citric acid-13C2
    		Inducer
    Citric acid-13C2 is the 13C-labeled Citric acid (HY-N1428). Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.
    Citric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-113212S
    Ursocholic acid-d4
    		Antagonist
    Ursocholic acid-d4 is deuterium labeled Ursocholic acid. Ursocholic acid, a bile acid present in mammalian bile, is converted to deoxycholic acid (UDC) by the mouse intestinal flora. Ursocholic acid acts as a gallstone dissolving agent in the liver through anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bile regulation, and coordinated changes in mitochondrial integrity and cell signaling, Ursocholic acid also has favorable effects on bones in patients with chronic cholestasis.
    Ursocholic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-181955
    MS1129
    		Inducer
    MS1129 is a DNMT degrader that induces proteasomal degradation of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B proteins. MS1129 upregulates TRAIL, DR4 and DR5 proteins, downregulates the decoy receptor DcR2, and activates TRAIL-dependent apoptosis via the HIF-1/2 and Caspase-10 pathways. MS1129 is applicable to the research of VHL-deficient clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
    MS1129
  • HY-172393
    TCF4/β-catenin-IN-1
    		Inducer
    TCF4/β-catenin-IN-1 (Compound 8b) is an inhibitor of TCF4/β-catenin, and induces apoptosis. TCF4/β-catenin-IN-1 up-regulates p53, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 levels and Bax protein expression as well as down-regulates Bcl-2 protein expression. TCF4/β-catenin-IN-1 can inhibit CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and shows promising cytotoxic activity in cancer cells.
    TCF4/β-catenin-IN-1
  • HY-N16465
    Cinnamtannin D1
    		Inhibitor
    Cinnamtannin D1 is an orally active polyphenolic compound with immunosuppressive activity. Cinnamtannin D1 regulates the balance of Th17/Treg cells by inhibiting AHR expression. Cinnamtannin D1 reduces apoptosis and ROS in INS-1 cells and primary cultured murine islets induced by Palmitic acid (PA) (HY-N0830). Cinnamtannin D1 reduces Th17 cell differentiation via downregulating p-STAT3/RORγt and promotes Treg cell differentiation via upregulating p-STAT5/Foxp3. Cinnamtannin D1 exerts excellent anti-arthritic efficacy in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of mice. Cinnamtannin D1 can be used for the study of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
    Cinnamtannin D1
  • HY-125374S
    Larotaxel-d9
    		Inducer
    Larotaxel-d9 (XRP9881-d9) is the deuterium labeled Larotaxel (HY-125374). Larotaxel (XRP9881) is a taxane analogue with preclinical activity against taxane-resistant breast cancer. Larotaxel (XRP9881) exerts its cytotoxic effect by promoting tubulin assembly and stabilizing microtubules, ultimately leading to cell death by apoptosis. It presents the ability to cross the blood brain barrier and has a much lower affinity for P-glycoprotein 1 than Docetaxel.
    Larotaxel-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-126157
    Linearol
    Linearol, a diterpene extracted from Sideritis L. spp. (Lamiaceae), exhibits a diverse array of properties, including potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.
    Linearol
  • HY-182745
    VEGFR-2-IN-85
    		Inducer
    VEGFR-2-IN-85 is a strong VEGFR-2 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.23 μM. VEGFR-2-IN-85 exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against multiple cancer cell lines with minimal toxicity toward normal cells. VEGFR-2-IN-85 also impairs cancer cell migration, likely through modulation of the VEGFR-2/p-Akt pathway. VEGFR-2-IN-85 can induce apoptosis through modulation of Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2. VEGFR-2-IN-85 arrests cell cycle at the G2/M phase and has anti-angiogenic activity. VEGFR-2-IN-85 is a targeted radiosensitizer enhancing radiation-induced cytotoxicity. VEGFR-2-IN-85 can be used for research on cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer.
    VEGFR-2-IN-85
  • HY-155073
    Tubulin inhibitor 35
    		Inducer
    Tubulin inhibitor 35 (compound 6b) is a dual inhibitor of topoisomerase I (IC50=~50 μM) and tubulin polymerization (IC50=5.69 μM). Tubulin inhibitor 35 inhibits migration and invasion of MGC-803 and RKO cell lines，and induces apoptosis via arresting cell cycle at G2/M phase. Tubulin inhibitor 35 exhibis potent efficacy in gastrointestinal tumor inhibiton (inhibits MGC-803 (IC50=0.09 μM) and RKO (IC50=0.2 μM) cell lines).
    Tubulin inhibitor 35
  • HY-163456
    Chx-HT
    		Inducer
    Chx-HT has an anti-proliferation activity and promotes apoptosis on ovarian cancer cells .
    Chx-HT
  • HY-N0701R
    (-)-Asarinin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    (-)-Asarinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Asarinin (HY-N0701). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Asarinin is a tetrahydrofurofurano lignan with various biological activities. (-)-Asarinin induces apoptosis in cancer cells. (-)-Asarinin promotes mitochondrial ROS accumulation, inhibits the STAT3 signaling pathway and induces apoptosis in precancerous cells. (-)-Asarinin is a Src family kinase inhibitor that suppresses mast cell activation. (-)-Asarinin is a non-competitive Δ5-desaturase inhibitor with a Ki of 0.28 mM. (-)-Asarinin possesses pain relief, anti-viral, anti-allergic and anti-tuberculous bacilli, and anti-tumor effects.
    (-)-Asarinin (Standard)
  • HY-183283
    CAII-IN-15
    		Inhibitor
    CAII-IN-15 is a potent carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) inhibitor with a hCA II IC50 of 10 nM. CAII-IN-15 elevates cGMP levels, releases nitric oxide, reduces oxidative stress, and exhibits neuroprotective activity in vitro. CAII-IN-15 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduces neuronal apoptosis. CAII-IN-15 reduces Intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits. CAII-IN-15 can be used for the research of glaucoma.
    CAII-IN-15
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity