2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-145896
    Anti-osteoporosis agent-1
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-osteoporosis agent-1 (comp 4aa) is a potent replication protein A (RPA) inhibitor (IC50=18 µM) .
    Anti-osteoporosis agent-1
  • HY-147928
    Apoptotic agent-2
    		Inducer
    Apoptotic agent-2 (compound 14b) induces apoptosis by down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3. Apoptotic agent-2 exhibits anti-proliferative activities and can be used for cancer research.
    Apoptotic agent-2
  • HY-N16416
    Dregamine
    		Inducer
    Dregamine is a monoterpene indole organism that can be isolated from methanol extracts of bamboo and rattan roots and can induce apoptosis. Dregamine has anti-tumor activity.
    Dregamine
  • HY-Z8644
    N-Deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine
    		Inducer
    N-Deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine (N-Formyl-N-deacetylcolchicine, Compound 11) is a selective inhibitor targeting the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. N-Deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine shows antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 32.61-100.28 nM. N-Deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine inhibits microtubule polymerization to block cell division, induces cancer cell apoptosis and suppresses migration. N-Deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine is promising for research of cancers such as lung cancer and various solid tumors.
    N-Deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine
  • HY-B0166S5
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-4
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-4 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collag
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-4
  • HY-140240
    Amino-PEG6-Thalidomide
    		Inducer
    Amino-PEG6-Thalidomide is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.
    Amino-PEG6-Thalidomide
  • HY-181807
    SOS1/KRAS-IN-2
    		Inducer
    SOS1/KRAS-IN-2 (Compound 20) is a SOS1::KRASG12C protein-protein interaction inhibitor with a IC50 of 4.11 nM. SOS1/KRAS-IN-2 blocks the interaction between SOS1 and KRASG12C. SOS1/KRAS-IN-2 induces cell Apoptosis. SOS1/KRAS-IN-2 exhibits anticancer activity against colorectal cancer and tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
    SOS1/KRAS-IN-2
  • HY-N0559R
    Kirenol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Kirenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Kirenol (HY-N0559). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Kirenol is a diterpenoid compound, an orally active apoptosis inducer and signaling pathway regulator, with a Kd value of 5.47 μM against the target CK2. Kirenol promotes the cleavage of Bid into tBid, regulates the protein levels/phosphorylation of Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and p21, and induces caspase-independent apoptosis, S-phase cell cycle arrest, ROS accumulation and cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Kirenol activates the CK2/AKT and AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathways, inhibits the signaling of NF-κB, TGF-β/Smads and NLRP3 inflammasome, and regulates the GSK3β, BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Kirenol induces autophagy, mitophagy and osteoblast differentiation, promotes mitochondrial fusion, and exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, renoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and analgesic effects. Kirenol is applicable to research related to chronic myeloid leukemia, ischemic stroke, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure, acute lung injury and osteoporosis.
    Kirenol (Standard)
  • HY-182358
    TMLZ-G46
    		Inducer
    TMLZ-G46 is an orally active ZNF207 inhibitor with blood-brain barrier penetration ability, with a Kd value of 68 nM. TMLZ-G46 inhibits cancer cell proliferation, stemness, migration and invasion, induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and suppresses colony formation. TMLZ-G46 can be used in glioma research.
    TMLZ-G46
  • HY-179391
    Telomerase-IN-9
    		Inducer
    Telomerase-IN-9 is a potent and selective telomerase inhibitor. Telomerase-IN-9 significantly reduces telomerase activity by binding to hTERT, leading to decreased telomerase function. Telomerase-IN-9 induces apoptosis and inhibits colony formation. Telomerase-IN-9 reduces tumor burden, restores antioxidantbalance, and preserves lung architecture in a Benzo[a]pyrene (HY-107377)-induced lung cancer mouse model. Telomerase-IN-9 can be used for the research of lung cancer.
    Telomerase-IN-9
  • HY-N3584R
    Paris saponin VII (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Paris saponin VII (Standard) is the analytical standard of Paris saponin VII. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia.
    Paris saponin VII (Standard)
  • HY-10406B
    rel-Talmapimod hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    rel-Talmapimod (rel-SCIO-469) hydrochloride is an orally active and selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK with an IC50 of 9 nM. rel-Talmapimod hydrochloride inhibits the secretion of inflammatory factors (such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF) by suppressing the p38α MAPK pathway, and it also inhibits angiogenesis and osteoclast activation. rel-Talmapimod hydrochloride inhibits the growth of multiple myeloma cells and induces apoptosis. rel-Talmapimod hydrochloride can be used to study various hematological malignancies (such as multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome).
    rel-Talmapimod hydrochloride
  • HY-N16417
    Elsinochrome C
    		Inducer
    Elsinochrome C is a photosensitizer. Elsinochrome C relies on light activation to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen (1O2), inducing apoptosis or directly disrupting pathogen structures. Elsinochrome C is promising for research of skin cancers, HIV-associated infections, and refractory skin diseases.
    Elsinochrome C
  • HY-118590A
    ICRF-196
    		Inducer
    ICRF-196 is an racemic mixture of the (S,S)- and (R,R)-isomers of ICRF-193 (HY-118590). ICRF-193 is a DNA Topoisomerase II inhibitor. ICRF-193 can inhibit DNA syntheses and induces apoptosis. ICRF-193 exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammation effects. ICRF-193 shows cardioprotective effect against anthracycline toxicity to cardiomyocytes. ICRF-193 can be used for the researches of cancer, infection, inflammation and cardiovascular disease, such as acute promyelocytic leukemia.
    ICRF-196
  • HY-175520
    SHP2-IN-42
    		Inducer
    SHP2-IN-42 is a src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 15 nM. SHP2-IN-42 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest. SHP2-IN-42 can be used for the research of cancer, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    SHP2-IN-42
  • HY-70044G
    GSK-1070916 (GMP)
    		Inducer
    GSK-1070916 (GMP) is GSK-1070916 (HY-70044) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. GSK-1070916 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of aurora B and aurora C with Kis of 0.38 and 1.5 nM, respectively, and is >250- fold selective over Aurora A.
    GSK-1070916 (GMP)
  • HY-146274
    c-Met-IN-10
    		Inducer
    c-Met-IN-10 (compound 26a) is a highly potent c-Met kinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 16 nM. c-Met-IN-10 has inhibitory activity against cancer cells A549, H460 and HT-29 with IC50s of 0.56 ~ 1.59 μM. c-Met-IN-10 suppresses the colony formation on HT-29 cells, induces HT-29 and A549 cells apoptosis, and inhibits A549 cells motility. c-Met-IN-10 can be used for researching anticancer.
    c-Met-IN-10
  • HY-10260S
    Vandetanib-d6
    		Inducer
    Vandetanib-d6 is the deuterium labeled Vandetanib. Vandetanib (D6474) is a potent, orally active inhibitor of VEGFR2/KDR tyrosine kinase activity (IC50=40 nM). Vandetanib also has activity versus the tyrosine kinase activity of VEGFR3/FLT4 (IC50=110 nM) and EGFR/HER1 (IC50=500 nM).
    Vandetanib-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W772717
    L-Cystine disodium monohydrate
    		Inducer
    L-Cystine disodium monohydrate is an orally active extracellular form of L-Cysteine (HY-Y0337), occurring in proteins of plants and animals. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones.
    L-Cystine disodium monohydrate
  • HY-B0905S
    Tilmicosin-d3
    		Inducer 98.9%
    Tilmicosin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Tilmicosin. Tilmicosin (LY-177370) is an orally active calcium channel antagonist and macrolide antibiotic with antimicrobial activity. Tilmicosin mainly acts on the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis. Tilmicosin is effective in the treatment of respiratory diseases in livestock such as cattle, sheep and pigs. In addition, Tilmicosin has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Tilmicosin-d<sub>3</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity