2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-150613
    PARP1/BRD4-IN-2
    		Inducer
    PARP1/BRD4-IN-2 is a potent and selective PARP1 and BRD4 inhibitor with IC50 values of 197 nM and 238 nM, respectively. PARP1/BRD4-IN-2 inhibits DNA damage repair, arrests G0/G1 transition and induces apoptosis. PARP1/BRD4-IN-2 has anti-tumor activity in MDA-MB-468 xenograft mouse model. PARP1/BRD4-IN-2 can be used for researching triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    PARP1/BRD4-IN-2
  • HY-172783
    Aromatase-IN-5
    		Inducer
    Aromatase-IN-5 (Compound 10) is a potent inhibitor of aromatase with an IC50 value of 0.06 μM. Aromatase-IN-5 effectively blocks estrogen production. Aromatase-IN-5 inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines like MCF-7, arrests the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and induces apoptosis. Aromatase-IN-5 is promising for research of breast cancer.
    Aromatase-IN-5
  • HY-163229
    (1r,4r)-Thalidomide-piperidine-N(Me)-CH-cyclohexane-NH-Boc
    		Inducer
    (1r,4r)-Thalidomide-piperidine-N(Me)-CH-cyclohexane-NH-Boc is a conjugate of E3 ligase ligand and linker, consisting of Thalidomide (HY-14658) and the corresponding Linker. (1r,4r)-Thalidomide-piperidine-N(Me)-CH-cyclohexane-NH-Boc can serve as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN protein and serve as a key intermediate for the synthesis of complete PROTAC molecules.
    (1r,4r)-Thalidomide-piperidine-N(Me)-CH-cyclohexane-NH-Boc
  • HY-138849A
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-C2-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-C2-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-C2-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-B0523B
    Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate
    		Inducer
    Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type III (PDE3) (IC50=36 nM). Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate, an imidazoquinazoline derivative, acts as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate inhibits bone marrow megakaryocytopoiesis. Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate decreases gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cell proliferation and promotes their apoptosis in vitro. Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate is a platelet-lowering agent and plays in the antithrombopoietic action.
    Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate
  • HY-163221
    (S)-Thalidomide-piperazine-(1S,4r)-cyclohexane-N(Me)-Boc
    		Inducer
    (S)-Thalidomide-piperazine-(1S,4r)-cyclohexane-N(Me)-Boc is a conjugate of E3 ligase ligand and linker, consisting of Thalidomide (HY-14658) and the corresponding Linker. (S)-Thalidomide-piperazine-(1S,4r)-cyclohexane-N(Me)-Boc can serve as Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN protein and serve as a key intermediate for the synthesis of complete PROTAC molecules.
    (S)-Thalidomide-piperazine-(1S,4r)-cyclohexane-N(Me)-Boc
  • HY-151453
    Topoisomerase IIα-IN-4
    		Inducer
    Topoisomerase IIα-IN-4 (F2) is a non-intercalative ATP-competitive human DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.8 and 10.1 μM for TopoIIα and TopoIIβ, respectively. Topoisomerase IIα-IN-4 shows potent potency in apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells. Topoisomerase IIα-IN-4 exhibits strong antitumor activities against human cancer cell lines, it can be used for the research of cancer.
    Topoisomerase IIα-IN-4
  • HY-W989139
    Perforin-IN-3
    		Control
    Perforin-IN-3 is a specific perforin inhibitor that blocks perforin-mediated lytic pore formation and subsequent cell lysis. Perforin-IN-3 potently inhibits the killing effect of NK cells on target cells such as leukemia cells, without interfering with FasL- or TRAIL-mediated cell death pathways. Perforin-IN-3 has no effect on pneumolysin and can be used to study autoimmune diseases, allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, and familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
    Perforin-IN-3
  • HY-175019
    VEGFR-2-IN-70
    		Inducer
    VEGFR-2-IN-70 is a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 18.04 nM. VEGFR-2-IN-70 exhibits cytotoxicity against A549 and MCF-7 cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.43 μM and 3.8 μM, respectively. VEGFR-2-IN-70 induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. VEGFR-2-IN-70 is useful in cancer research.
    VEGFR-2-IN-70
  • HY-173331
    Antitumor agent-201
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-201 (Compound 10) is a chloride transport activator that targets the Golgi apparatus. Its EC50 for promoting the transmembrane transport of chloride ions is 1.53 mol%, and its IC50 against HepG2 cells is 7.13 μM. Antitumor agent-201 exerts its anti-cancer activity by selectively acting on the Golgi apparatus, disrupting the chloride ion homeostasis within it, reducing the expression of key proteins such as GM130 and GRASP55, altering the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, triggering Autophagy of the Golgi apparatus, and further inducing Apoptosis of cancer cells and arresting cancer cells in the G2/M phase. Antitumor agent-201 can be used in the research field of cancer diseases.
    Antitumor agent-201
  • HY-174404
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 23
    		Inducer
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 23 is a potent topoisomerase II inhibitor (IC50 = 0.94 μM). Topoisomerase II inhibitor 23 shows high selectivity and exceptional cytotoxic activity in MCF-7, HepG2, and HCT116 cells. Topoisomerase II inhibitor 23 induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation. Topoisomerase II inhibitor 2 induces apoptosis by up-regulating the pro-apoptotic Bax level and down-regulating the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level.
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 23
  • HY-177796
    TMLB-C16
    		Inducer 99.27%
    TMLB-C16 is a potent and orally active B3GAT3 inhibitor with a KD of 3.962 μM. TMLB-C16 suppresses proliferation and migration, and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MHCC-97H (IC50 = 6.53 μM) and HCCLM3 cells (IC50 = 6.22 μM). TMLB-C16 inhibits tumor growth in both MHCC-97H and HCCLM3 xenograft tumor mouse models without causing obvious toxicity. TMLB-C16 can be used for hepatocellular carcinoma research.
    TMLB-C16
  • HY-170787
    TZEP7
    		Inducer
    TZEP7 is an EGFR kinase inhibitior in cancer cells. TZEP7 exhibits cytotoxic effects against cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis. TZEP7 demonstrates downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, and increases caspase levels. TZEP7 is promising for research of anticancer agent.
    TZEP7
  • HY-W584524
    Thalidomide-4-NH-PEG2-COO(t-Bu)
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-4-NH-PEG2-COO(t-Bu) is a t-Bu modified Thalidomide (HY-14658), which acts as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN protein. The t-Bu protecting group at the end of Thalidomide-4-NH-PEG2-COO(t-Bu) can be removed under acidic conditions to participate in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules. Thalidomide-4-NH-PEG2-COO(t-Bu) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of CRBN-based PROTAC molecules.
    Thalidomide-4-NH-PEG2-COO(t-Bu)
  • HY-156087
    Cholicamideβ
    		Inducer
    Cholicamideβ (GMP) is a GMP grade of Cholicamideβ. Cholicamideβ (compound 6) is a self-assembling, small molecule, cancer vaccine adjuvant. Cholicamideβ can form virus-like particles with low cytotoxicity. Cholicamideβ, upon binding to peptide antigens, enhances antigen presentation by dendritic cells and induces antigen-specific T cells. Cholicamideβ can induce apoptosis and necrosis.
    Cholicamideβ
  • HY-165064
    C2 L-Erythro ceramide (d18:1/2:0)
    		Inducer
    C2 L-Erythro ceramide (d18:1/2:0) is a cell-permeable sphingolipid. C2 L-Erythro ceramide (d18:1/2:0) induces cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and inhibits cell growth.
    C2 L-Erythro ceramide (d18:1/2:0)
  • HY-146323
    Antitumor agent-58
    Antitumor agent-58 (Compound C18) is an anti-tumor agent. Antitumor agent-58 effectively inhibits colony formation and cell migration of MGC-803 cells. Antitumor agent-58 induces apoptosis of MGC-803 cells through activation of the p38 and JNK signaling pathways. Antitumor agent-58 induces mitochondrial dysfunction of MGC-803 cells. Antitumor agent-58 effectively inhibits tumor growth of xenograft model bearing MGC-803 cells.
    Antitumor agent-58
  • HY-151620
    Antitumor agent-80
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-80 (compound 11) is an orally active and potent antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-80 induces apoptosis in tumor cells.
    Antitumor agent-80
  • HY-B0227S1
    Ketoprofen-d4
    		Inducer 98.74%
    Ketoprofen-d4 is the deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively.
    Ketoprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-146433
    Anticancer agent 55
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 55 is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 55 shows anticancer activity via reducing the cell viability and cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Anticancer agent 55 induces apoptosis. Anticancer agent 55 has the potential for the research of prostate cancer and breast cancer.
    Anticancer agent 55
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity