2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-130558
    SL-1-73
    		Inducer
    SL-1-73 is a tubulin ligand. SL-1-73 exhibits antitumor activity against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting microtubule assembly, inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and disrupting tumor blood vessels. SL-1-73 can be used for the research of ESCC and other tumors.
    SL-1-73
  • HY-144637
    Autophagy inducer 2
    Autophagy inducer 2 (Compound 11i) is a potent autophagy inducer. Autophagy inducer 2 exhibits apparent antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 value of 1.31 μM and remarkably inhibits the colony formation of the MCF-7 cells. Autophagy inducer 2 arrests the MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase by regulating the cell-cycle-related proteins Cdk-1 and Cyclin B1. Autophagy inducer 2 has the potential for the research of breast cancer.
    Autophagy inducer 2
  • HY-179516
    AKT1-IN-11
    		Inducer
    AKT1-IN-11, a Podophyllotoxin (HY-15552) derivative, is a AKT1/tubulin dual inhibitor. AKT1-IN-11 down-regulates the phosphorylation level of AKT kinase in tumor cells, disrupting cell proliferation, causeing G2/M phase arrest and inducing apoptosis. AKT1-IN-11 also promotes tubulin depolymerization. AKT1-IN-11 can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
    AKT1-IN-11
  • HY-175502
    MGD-22
    		Inducer
    MGD-22, a molecular glue, is an orally active IKZF1/2/3 degrader with DC50 values of 8.33 nM, 9.91 nM, and 5.74 nM, respectively. MGD-22 exhibits extremely potent anti-proliferative activity against diverse hematological cancer cells. MGD-22 induces apoptosis in cancer cells. MGD-22 demonstrates potent anti-tumor efficacy in mice bearing NCI-H929 xenografts or WSU-DLCL-2 xenografts. MGD-22 can be used for the study of hematological cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
    MGD-22
  • HY-138855A
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-PEG2-C2-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-PEG2-C2-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-amido-PEG2-C2-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-100490S
    Rilmenidine-d4
    		Inducer
    Rilmenidine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Rilmenidine. Rilmenidine, an innovative antihypertensive agent, is an orally active, selective I1 imidazoline receptor agonist. Rilmenidine is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Rilmenidine induces autophagy. Rilmenidine acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by inhibiting the Na+/H+ antiport. Rilmenidine modulates proliferation and stimulates the proapoptotic protein Bax thus inducing the perturbation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in human leukemic K562 cells.
    Rilmenidine-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N3071
    Picrasidine I
    		Inducer
    Picrasidine I is an anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic dimeric alkaloid that can be isolated from Picrasma quassioides. Picrasidine I inducs cell cycle arrest, and triggers cell apoptosis by downregulats ERK and Akt pathways. Picrasidine I inhibits the activation of MAPKs, NF-κB and ROS generation, and suppresses the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1.
    Picrasidine I
  • HY-P11124
    MGF24
    		Inhibitor
    MGF24 is a modified protease-resistant MGF derivative. MGF24 protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (HY-113028)-induced apoptosis by inducing Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). MGF24 activates PKC-ε, which in turn activates Nrf2, up-regulating HO-1. MGF24 has neuroprotective activity and reduces myocardial infarct size in sheep models of myocardial ischemia. MGF24 can be used for neurological diseases like stroke, nerve injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research.
    MGF24
  • HY-178944
    CDC25-IN-1
    		Inducer
    CDC25-IN-1 (Compound D11b) is a potent inhibitor of cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatase. CDC25-IN-1 exerts strong inhibitory effects on leukemia and colorectal cancer cells. CDC25-IN-1 blocks CDC25 mediated CDK1 Tyr15 dephosphorylation, delays G2/M progression, and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis with DNA damage. CDC25-IN-1 can be used for researches of leukemia and colorectal cancer.
    CDC25-IN-1
  • HY-181260
    PRMT5-MTA-IN-8
    		Inducer
    PRMT5-MTA-IN-8 is an orally active PRMT5-MTA complex inhibitor (IC50 = 4.4 nM). PRMT5-MTA-IN-8 inhibits the intracellular production of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) as well as the proliferation of MTAP-deficient cells. PRMT5-MTA-IN-8 exerts antitumor efficacy by inhibiting PRMT5, reducing SDMA levels and inducing tumor cell apoptosis in mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer. PRMT5-MTA-IN-8 can be used in research related to cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer.
    PRMT5-MTA-IN-8
  • HY-N7803
    De-O-Methyllasiodiplodin
    		Inducer
    De-O-Methyllasiodiplodin, a cytotoxic compound, can be isolated from Ludwigia hyssopifolia. De-O-Methyllasiodiplodin inhibits Hep-2 cell growth by inducing apoptosis.
    De-O-Methyllasiodiplodin
  • HY-181657
    EGFR-IN-200
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-200 is an inhibitor targeting EGFR, TNF-α, and the IL-6/GP130 complex, which potently targets human EGFR (IC50=0.03 μM), TNF-α (IC50=3.1 μM), and the IL-6/GP130 complex (IC50=1.6 μM). EGFR-IN-200 binds to the ATP pocket of EGFR, the trimer interface of TNF-α, and the cytokine-receptor interface of IL-6/GP130, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and antiproliferative activity. EGFR-IN-200 exhibits high gastrointestinal absorbability, low BBB permeability, and complies with the Lipinski's rule. EGFR-IN-200 can be used for the research of lung cancer and breast adenocarcinoma.
    EGFR-IN-200
  • HY-161783
    HDAC6-IN-45
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-45 (Compound 15) is a selective inhibitor for HDAC6 with IC50 of 15.2 nM. HDAC6-IN-45 exhibits neurotrophic through the upregulation of GAP43 and Beta-3 tubulin markers. HDAC6-IN-45 activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduces H2O2-induced ROS production, inhibits apoptosis in PC12, and exhibits neuroprotective efficacy in SCOP-induced zebrafish Alzheimer's Disease models. HDAC6-IN-45 exhibits antioxidant activity and good blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.
    HDAC6-IN-45
  • HY-N10670
    Bursehernin
    		Inducer
    Bursehernin (Methylpluviatolide) is an antitumor agent. Bursehernin induces Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Bursehernin shows anti-proliferative activity.
    Bursehernin
  • HY-N7070R
    Geranyl acetate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Geranyl acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Geranyl acetate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Geranyl acetate, an acyclic monoterpene ester derived from geraniol, is widely used in the cosmetics industry due to its pleasant scent. Geranyl acetate can induces cell apoptosis.
    Geranyl acetate (Standard)
  • HY-13067G
    Celastrol (GMP)
    		Inducer
    Celastrol (GMP) (Tripterine (GMP)) is Celastrol (HY-10227) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Celastrol (Tripterine;Tripterin) is a proteasome inhibitor which potently and preferentially inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM. In addition, Celastrol is also an antibiotic with potent antimicrobial activity against standard and clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, inducing oxidative stress and inhibiting DNA synthesis by binding to P5CDH.
    Celastrol (GMP)
  • HY-W750535
    Triglycidyl Isocyanurate-d15
    Triglycidyl Isocyanurate-d15 is the deuterium labeled Triglycidyl isocyanurate (HY-W011434). Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC; Teroxirone) is a triazene triepoxide with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Triglycidyl isocyanurate inhibits the growth of non-small-cell-lung cancer cells via p53 activation. Triglycidyl isocyanurate induces cell apoptosis. Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be used for cancer research.
    Triglycidyl Isocyanurate-d<sub>15</sub>
  • HY-B0114S2
    Oxcarbazepine-d8
    		Inducer
    Oxcarbazepine-d8-1 is a deuterium of Oxcarbazepine. Oxcarbazepine is a sodium channel blocker. Oxcarbazepine significantly inhibits glioblastoma cell growth and induces apoptosis or G2/M arrest in glioblastoma cell lines. Oxcarbazepine-d8-1 has anti-cancer and anticonvulsant effects.
    Oxcarbazepine-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-108385
    Ochratoxin A-D4
    		Inducer
    Ochratoxin A-D4 (Phe-​OTA-D4) is the deuterium labeled Ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin A is an orally active food-borne mycotoxin that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Ochratoxin A is a secondary metabolite of fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, and is classified as a Group 2B carcinogen. Ochratoxin A exerts its effects through multiple pathways, including inducing oxidative stress, inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, causing oxidative DNA damage, disrupting the PPAR-γ-CD36 axis, inducing immunosuppression, generating ROS, mediating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, inhibiting glutamate uptake, triggering demyelination and neuroinflammation, inducing DNA hypomethylation, and inhibiting cell proliferation. Ochratoxin A can induce nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, and also exhibits mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity.
    Ochratoxin A-D4
  • HY-183778
    Antiangiogenic agent 9
    		Inducer
    Antiangiogenic agent 9 is an antiangiogenic agent and also a VEGFR-2 inhibitor. Antiangiogenic agent 9 induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by activating caspase-3 (apoptosis). Antiangiogenic agent 9 exhibits antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells. Antiangiogenic agent 9 can be used for the research of breast cancer.
    Antiangiogenic agent 9
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity