2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-183365
    SL43
    		Inhibitor
    SL43 is an orally active and potent SOS1 inhibitor with a Kd of 0.16 μM. SL43 disrupts SOS1-KRAS interaction, inhibits SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange on KRAS mutants, and suppresses RAS-MAPK signaling. SL43 exerts antiproliferative activity against KRAS-mutant cancer cells, induces early apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and reduces phosphorylated MEK and ERK levels. SL43 suppresses tumor growth in a colorectal cancer xenograft model.
    SL43
  • HY-178120
    Lck-IN-4
    		Inducer
    Lck-IN-4 (Compound A-1) is a protein tyrosine kinase Lck inhibitor with an IC50 of 2  nM. Lck-IN-4 significantly inhibits YAP tyrosine phosphorylation and activity and induces apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma CCA cells. Lck-IN-4 is cytotoxic in CCA tumor-derived organoids with elevated YAP activity Lck-IN-4 can be used for cancers like cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) research.
    Lck-IN-4
  • HY-146290
    Anticancer agent 45
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 46 (compound 2b) is a potent and selective anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 46 shows cytotoxicity activity in cancer cells. Anticancer agent 46 induces apoptosis. Anticancer agent 46 shows low toxicity towards activated lymphocytes of human blood.
    Anticancer agent 45
  • HY-172551
    anti-TNBC agent-9
    		Inducer
    anti-TNBC agent-9 (Compound 3as) is an anti-cancer agent for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). anti-TNBC agent-9 exhibits significant inhibitory activity against MDA-MB-453 cells with an IC50 value of 8.5 μM. anti-TNBC agent-9 inhibits tumor cell migration by upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and MMP9. anti-TNBC agent-9 induces apoptosis by increasing the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX and decreasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation.
    anti-TNBC agent-9
  • HY-P1185A
    Antagonist G TFA
    		Inducer
    Antagonist G TFA is a potent vasopressin antagonist. Antagonist G is also a weak antagonist of GRP and Bradykinin. Antagonist G induces AP-1 transcription and sensitizes cells to chemotherapy.
    Antagonist G TFA
  • HY-144449
    mTOR/HDAC6-IN-1
    		Inducer
    mTOR/HDAC6-IN-1 is a potent mTOR and HDAC6 dual inhibitor (IC50s of 133.7 nM and 56 nM for mTOR and HDAC6, respectively). mTOR/HDAC6-IN-1 can induce significant autophagy, apoptosis and suppress migration. mTOR/HDAC6-IN-1 has potential to research Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    mTOR/HDAC6-IN-1
  • HY-172786
    Caspase-3-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    Caspase-3-IN-3 (compound 7) is a caspase 3 inhibitor. Caspase-3-IN-3 increases cellular ATP levels, inhibits caspase-3 activity, decreases nitrite production, suppresses cytokine-induced apoptosis, and restores Glucose (HY-B0389)-stimulated insulin secretion.
    Caspase-3-IN-3
  • HY-13312A
    GTx-134
    		Inducer
    GTx-134 is a dual insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor/insulin receptor (IGF-1R/IR) inhibitor with an IC50 values for IGF-1R and IR of 97 and 187 nM respectively. GTx-134 inhibits the autophosphorylation of IGF-1R and its downstream signaling pathway (Akt), thereby blocking the proliferation and survival signals of tumor cells. GTx-134 has broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against multiple myeloma cell lines and can induce apoptosis in sensitive cells. GTx-134 significantly inhibits tumor growth in mice with MM1.S cell transplantation. GTx-134 works in synergy with existing therapies (such as protease preparations, immunomodulators). GTx-134 can be used in high-risk myeloma research.
    GTx-134
  • HY-W740884
    Rutin-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Rutin-d3 is a deuterated labeled Rutin-d3.
    Rutin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-148713
    Anti-CSCs agent-1
    		Inducer
    Anti-CSCs agent-1 is a potent anti-CSCs agent. Anti-CSCs agent-1 inhibits cell growth and cell migration. Anti-CSCs agent-1 induces Apoptosis. Anti-CSCs agent-1 inhibits the viability of CSCs. Anti-CSCs agent-1 enhances the production of ROS in CSCs. Anti-CSCs agent-1 shows antitumor activity.
    Anti-CSCs agent-1
  • HY-159515
    PBE-AMF
    		Inducer
    PBE-AMF is a prodrug that activates H2O2 with anticancer activity. PBE-AMF impedes tumor proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis, reducing ATP levels, inducing apoptosis, and arresting the cell cycle. PBE-AMF potently and selectively inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50=6.4 μM) while sparing non-cancerous MCF-10A cells.
    PBE-AMF
  • HY-N0378BGL
    D-Mannitol, M100 (GMP Like)
    D-Mannitol, M100 (GMP Like) (Mannitol, M100 (GMP Like)) is the GMP Like class D-Mannitol that can be used as pharmaceutical excipients. D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells.
    D-Mannitol, M100 (GMP Like)
  • HY-150596
    CT1-3
    		Inducer
    CT1-3 is a potent anticancer agent. CT1-3 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by regulating JNK/Bcl-2/Bax/XIAP pathway. CT1-3 suppresses the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) potential of human cancer cells (HCCs) via regulating the E-cadherin/Snail axis, thus inhibits tumorigenesis. CT1-3 has a strong antitumor effect in mice model and exhibits no significant hepatic and renal toxicity.
    CT1-3
  • HY-P1980
    A-71915 TFA
    A-71915 (TFA) is a selective inhibitor of ANP receptor (atrial natriuretic peptide-receptor), induces apoptosis and decreases insulin secretion in RINm5F pancreatic β-cells.
    A-71915 TFA
  • HY-170968
    EGFR-IN-150
    EGFR-IN-150 is an EGFR inhibitor that effectively suppresses the phosphorylation of mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream AKT signaling pathway, thereby exerting antitumor effects and inducing HMOX1 expression to trigger ferroptosis. EGFR-IN-150 exhibits an IC50 of 0.386 μM against the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H1975, and significantly inhibits colony formation and migration of both H1975 and A549 cells while inducing apoptosis. In addition, EGFR-IN-150 markedly suppresses tumor growth in the H1975 cell-derived xenograft (CDX) mouse model. EGFR-IN-150 holds promise for research related to non-small cell lung cancer.
    EGFR-IN-150
  • HY-161334
    CARM1-IN-4
    		Inducer
    CARM1-IN-4 (compound 11f) is a potent CARM1 inhibitor with IC50s of 9 nM and 56 nM for CARM1 and PRMT1, respectively. CARM1-IN-4 displays significant anti-proliferative effects on colorectal cancer cell lines. CARM1-IN-4 effectively inhibits the methyltransferase activity of CARM1 and prevents methylation of downstream proteins. CARM1-IN-4 induces apoptosis and shows antitumor activity.
    CARM1-IN-4
  • HY-179148
    EGFR-IN-184
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-184 (compound 5p) is an EGFR inhibitor (IC50 = 65.6 nM). EGFR-IN-184 has anti proliferative activity against various tumor cells, such as T47D (IC50 = 15 μM), PC3 (IC50 = 55 μM), HCT116 (IC50 = 36 μM) cells. EGFR-IN-184 can significantly induce cell apoptosis and block the cell cycle. EGFR-IN-184 can be used for research on various types of cancer.
    EGFR-IN-184
  • HY-17507AR
    Pantoprazole sodium (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Pantoprazole (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pantoprazole (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pantoprazole sodium (BY10232 sodium) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Pantoprazole sodium, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole sodium improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole sodium significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142).
    Pantoprazole sodium (Standard)
  • HY-175848
    NSC 850745
    		Inducer
    NSC 850745 is a selective and potent c-Met/STAT3 inhibitor with IC50 values of 210 and 670 nM. NSC 850745 can inhibit cell proliferation, induce G2/M phase arrest and induce apoptosis. NSC 850745 can downregulate AKT-1, VEGF and Bcl-2 expression and upregulate p53, Bax and caspase expression. NSC 850745 can be used for the research of cancer, such as leukemia and colon cancer.
    NSC 850745
  • HY-168030
    hCAIX-IN-23
    hCAIX-IN-23 (Compound 27) is a human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitor with Ki values of 10.4 and 8.5 nM for hCA IX and hCA XII, respectively. In addition to inhibiting hCA activity, hCAIX-IN-23 releases NO, exhibiting dual antitumor activity. hCAIX-IN-23 induces apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial caspase activity and the ferroptosis pathway (ferroptosis) through the downregulation of hCA IX and iron-regulatory protein expression. hCAIX-IN-23 is useful for renal cancer research.
    hCAIX-IN-23
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity