Caspase 3 Inhibitor

Q-VD-OPh is an irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor with potent antiapoptotic properties; inhibits caspase 7 with an IC₅₀ of 48 nM and 25-400 nM for other caspases including caspase 1, 3, 8, 9, 10, and 12. Q-VD-OPh can inhibits HIV infection. Q-VD-OPh is able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Sulforaphane is an orally active inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Sulforaphane promotes the transcription of tumor-suppressing proteins and effectively inhibits the activity of HDACs. Through the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and further induction of HO-1 expression, Sulforaphane protects the heart. Sulforaphane suppresses high glucose-induced pancreatic cancer through AMPK-dependent signal transmission. Sulforaphane exhibits both anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties.

Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an orally active endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

Z-DEVD-FMK is a specific and irreversible caspase-3 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 18 μM.

Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

Z-VAD is an irreversible, broad-spectrum pan-caspase inhibitor that can inhibit a variety of caspases including caspase-3, -6, -7, -8, -9, etc. (with a weaker inhibitory effect on caspase-2). Z-VAD can block apoptosis signaling pathways, induce autophagy and necrosis in tumor cells, and has anti-angiogenic activity. Z-VAD can enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer and lung cancer cells to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo, and prolong the growth delay of tumor xenograft models. Z-VAD is well tolerated and is mainly used in research related to cancer radiosensitization and cell death pathway regulation.

(-)-Isoproterenol (Levisoprenalinel) hydrochloride is the R-isomer of Isoproterenol. (-)-Isoproterenol hydrochloride can reduce the cleavage of caspase 3 and TNFα levels in retinal endothelial cells (REC). (-)-Isoproterenol hydrochloride can be used for the study of diabetic retinopathy.

Ac-DEVD-CHO is a Caspase-3 inhibitor with a K_i value of 230 pM.

Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets the protein RANKL. Denosumab binds to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and prevents its binding to the RANK receptor (K_D of 0.003 nM for human RANKL). Denosumab promotes proliferation and spermatogenesis. Denosumab prevents bone resorption through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Denosumab can be used in bone-related studies.

Citicoline is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.

Cystamine is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC₅₀ value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) .

Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK (Z-AAD-CMK) is a selective granzyme B inhibitor. By binding to the active site of granzyme B, Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK blocks its proteolytic function. Z-Ala-Ala-Asp-CMK has anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases and cancer.

Carboxymethyl chitosan is a derivative of chitosan. Carboxymethyl chitosan inhibits Apoptosis and ROS. Carboxymethyl chitosan increases the expression of Bcl-2 and reduces the expression of Bax, cytochrome c and caspase-3. Carboxymethyl chitosan inhibits the migration of various cells. Carboxymethyl chitosan exerts antitumor effects on Lewis tumors and hepatocarcinoma.

Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat.

Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is an orally active perfluoroalkyl substance. Perfluorodecanoic acid causes dysfunction of rat fetal Leydig cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated changes in lipid components. Perfluorodecanoic acid reduces testosterone biosynthesis in rat R2C Leydig cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Perfluorodecanoic acid can be used in studies related to fetal Leydig cell dysfunction.

(R)-Sulforaphane (L-Sulforaphane) is a orally active, potent inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, exhibiting antioxidant and anticancer activities. (R)-Sulforaphane primarily functions by upregulating phase II detoxifying enzymes in cells, aiding in the removal of carcinogens and combating oxidative stress. (R)-Sulforaphane is capable of modulating gene expression, influencing various signaling pathways, including Nrf2, NF-κB, and AP-1. (R)-Sulforaphane can be used in studies of tumor biology, antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as inflammation and immune responses.

Cystamine (dihydrochloride) is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC₅₀ value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) .

Co(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride (Protoporphyrin IX cobaltic chloride) is an inducer of HO-1. Co(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride has activities such as anti-inflammation and antibacterial properties. Co(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride can also be used in the research of ischemia-reperfusion injury models.

Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia.

Asperosaponin VI is a saponin component from Dipsacus asper. Asperosaponin VI induces osteoblast differentiation through the BMP-2/p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Asperosaponin VI protects against hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt and CREB pathways. Additionally, Asperosaponin VI also has antidepressant and wound-healing-promoting activities.