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MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

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The p53 tumor suppressor is a principal mediator of growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in response to a broad array of cellular damage. p53 is a short-lived protein that is maintained at low, often undetectable, levels in normal cells. Under stress conditions, the p53 protein accumulates in the cell, binds in its tetrameric form to p53-response elements and induces the transcription of various genes.

MDM-2 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and MDM-2, in turn, inhibits p53 activity in several ways. MDM-2 binds to the p53 transactivation domain and thereby inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. MDM-2 also contains a signal sequence that is similar to the nuclear export signal of various viral proteins and, after binding to p53, it induces its nuclear export. As p53 is a transcription factor, it needs to be in the nucleus to be able to access the DNA; its transport to the cytoplasm by MDM-2 prevents this. Finally, MDM-2 is a ubiquitin ligase, so is able to target p53 for degradation by the proteasome.

In many tumors p53 is inactivated by the overexpression of the negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4 or by the loss of activity of the MDM2 inhibitor ARF. The pathway can be reactivated in these tumors by small molecules that inhibit the interaction of MDM2 and/or MDM4 with p53. Such molecules are now in clinical trials.

Cat. No. Nombre del producto Efecto Pureza Chemical Structure
  • HY-141584
    ATSP-7041
    		MDM2 Inhibitor
    ATSP-7041, a selective dual peptide inhibitor of MDM2 and MDMX, effectively reactivates the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in a mechanism-dependent manner in p53-positive cancers.
    ATSP-7041
  • HY-145785
    ADH-6
    		Modulator
    ADH-6 is a tripyridylamide compound. ADH-6 abrogates self-assembly of the aggregation-nucleating subdomain of mutant p53 DBD. ADH-6 targets and dissociates mutant p53 aggregates in human cancer cells, which restores p53's transcriptional activity, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. ADH-6 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases[1].
    ADH-6
  • HY-125858A
    MI-1061 TFA
    		Inhibitor
    MI-1061 TFA is a potent, orally bioavailable, and chemically stable MDM2 (MDM2-p53 interaction) inhibitor (IC50=4.4 nM; Ki=0.16 nM). MI-1061 TFA potently activates p53 and induces apoptosis in the SJSA-1 xenograft tumor tissue in mice. Anti-tumor activity.
    MI-1061 TFA
  • HY-155974
    MeOIstPyrd
    		Activator 99.84%
    MeOIstPyrd is an anti-skin cancer agent. MeOIstPyrd inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and spheroid formation by activating the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathway. MeOIstPyrd induces DNA damage. MeOIstPyrd activates p53, and increases the half-life of p53 and stabilizes p53 by phosphorylating it at ser15. MeOIstPyrd binds to MDM2 in the p53 sub-pocket and blocks p53-MDM2 interaction.
    MeOIstPyrd
  • HY-173084
    BRD6257
    		p53 Activator
    BRD6257 is an orally active inhibitor for protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D PPM1D with an IC50 of 5 nM. BRD6257 activates p53 signaling pathway with an EC50 of 51 nM, increases the p21 expression, inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell MOLM13 (IC50=2.8 μM). BRD6257 exhibits good metabolic stability in human and rat liver microsomes.
    BRD6257
  • HY-162035
    MDM2-IN-23
    		Inhibitor
    MDM2-IN-23 (compound 5d) is an inhibitor of MDM2. MDM2-IN-23 has an IC50 of 60.09 μM on MCF-7 cells.
    MDM2-IN-23
  • HY-123929
    PAWI-2
    		Activator 99.29%
    PAWI-2 is a p53-Activator and Wnt Inhibitor. PAWI-2 inhibits β3-KRAS signaling independent of KRAS. PAWI-2 selectively inhibits phosphorylation of TBK1. PAWI-2 activates apoptosis (activation of caspase-3/7), and induces PARP cleavage. PAWI-2 promotes optineurin translocation into the nucleus and causes G2/M arrest. PAWI-2 reverses cancer stemness and overcomes drug resistance in an integrin β3 KRAS-dependent human pancreatic cancer stem cells (hPCSCs). PAWI-2 inhibits growth of tumors from hPCSCs in orthopic xenograft mice model.
    PAWI-2
  • HY-162410
    Fluplatin
    		Inhibitor
    Fluplatin is a prodrug composed of cisplatin and fluvastatin. Fluplatin has antitumor activity.
    Fluplatin
  • HY-P1755A
    p53 (17-26) acetate
    p53 (17-26) acetate is a peptide derived from the P53 MDM2 binding domain, with a Kd of 50 nM for MDM2. p53 (17-26) acetate causes cell lysis by damaging cancer cells and nuclear membranes, and induces cancer cell necrosis. p53 (17-26) acetate exhibits antitumor activity and is applicable to research related to pancreatic cancer.
    p53 (17-26) acetate
  • HY-14967
    NSC 66811
    		p53 Activator 98.12%
    NSC 66811 is a MDM2-p53 inhibitor, with a Ki of 120 nM for binding to MDM2.
    NSC 66811
  • HY-15035
    S-Diclofenac
    		Activator 99.20%
    S-Diclofenac (ACS 15) is a hybrid molecule of an H2S donor and the NSAID diclofenac. S-Diclofenac activates the p53 signaling pathway, and inhibits the activation of JNK. S-Diclofenac exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
    S-Diclofenac
  • HY-N1423S1
    Glycocholic acid-d5
    		Activator 99.9%
    Glycocholic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled Glycocholic acid (HY-N1423). Glycocholic acid is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5 and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).
    Glycocholic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-149250
    MDMX/MDM2-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    MDMX/MDM2-IN-2 is a potent p53-MDM2/MDMX dual inhibitors with Kis of 0.23 μM and 2.45 μM for MDM2 and MDMX, respectively. MDMX/MDM2-IN-2 inhibits the binding of p53 and MDM2 proteins. MDMX/MDM2-IN-2 restores the function of p53 and enables cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. MDMX/MDM2-IN-2 inhibits cell migration and invasion. MDMX/MDM2-IN-2 has antitumor activity.
    MDMX/MDM2-IN-2
  • HY-N0068R
    Solasodine (Standard)
    		MDM2 Inhibitor
    Solasodine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Solasodine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Solasodine (Standard)
  • HY-144105
    NSC405640
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    NSC405640 is a potent inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction. NSC405640 rescues structural p53 mutations. NSC405640 selectively inhibits the growth of cell lines with wild-type p53.
    NSC405640
  • HY-148404
    p53 Activator 5
    		Activator 98.43%
    p53 Activator 5 (compound 134A) is a potent p53 activator with a SC150 value of <0.05 mM. p53 Activator 5 can bind to mutant p53 and restore the ability of the p53 mutant to bind DNA. p53 Activator 5 shows anti-tumor activity. p53 Activator 5 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    p53 Activator 5
  • HY-P10610A
    Peptide 234CM TFA
    Peptide 234CM TFA is a peptide containing isoleucine at position 3, corresponding to the sequence of a point mutation in p53 codon 234. Peptide 234CM TFA induces potent cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and antitumor immune responses against mutant p53.
    Peptide 234CM TFA
  • HY-172609
    SL-176
    		Activator 99.91%
    SL-176 is a PPM1D (Wip1) inhibitor. SL-176 inhibits lipid droplet formation, downregulates the mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, and blocks adipocyte differentiation. SL-176 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in breast cancer cells overexpressing PPM1D, and activates components of the p53 pathway. SL-176 suppresses tumor growth in a zebrafish model of neuroblastoma. SL-176 is applicable to research related to obesity, breast cancer and neuroblastoma.
    SL-176
  • HY-148402
    p53 Activator 3
    		Activator 98.35%
    p53 Activator 3 (compound 87A) is a potent p53 activator with a SC150 value of <0.05 mM. p53 Activator 3 can bind to mutant p53 and restore the ability of the p53 mutant to bind DNA. p53 Activator 3 shows anti-tumor activity. p53 Activator 3 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    p53 Activator 3
  • HY-A0280
    Roslin 2 bromide
    		Activator 99.0%
    Roslin 2 bromide (Benzylhexamethylenetetramine bromide) is a p53 reactivator with anticancer effects. Roslin 2 bromide binds FAK, disrupts the binding of FAK and p53.
    Roslin 2 bromide
Cat. No. Nombre del producto / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download MDM-2/p53 Signaling Pathway Map.

p53 is at the centre of biological interactions that translates stress signals into cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Upstream signaling to p53 increases its level and activates its function as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of stresses, whereas downstream components execute the appropriate cellular response. 

 

Cell Stress: p53 induction by acute DNA damage begins when DNA double-strand breaks trigger activation of ATM, a kinase that phosphorylates the CHK2 kinase, or when stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks recruit ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1. p53 is a substrate for both the ATM and ATR kinases, as well as for CHK1 and CHK2, which coordinately phosphorylate p53 to promote its stabilization. These phosphorylation events are important for p53 stabilization, as some of the modifications disrupt the interaction between p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. MDM2 and MDM4 bind to the transcriptional activation domains of p53, thereby inhibiting p53 transactivation function, and MDM2 has additional activity as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that causes proteasome-mediated degradation of p53. Phosphorylation also allows the interaction of p53 with transcriptional cofactors, which is ultimately important for activation of target genes and for responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl can also be activated by DNA damage. Then the JNK/p38 is activated and leads to p53 activation[1][2]. 

 

Oncogenic signaling: The response to oncogene activation depends on the binding of ARF to MDM2. ARF is normally expressed at low levels in cells. Inappropriately increased E2F or Myc signals, stemming from oncogene activation, leads to the increased expression of ARF, which inhibits MDM2 by blocking its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, uncoupling the p53-MDM2 interaction, thereby segregating it from nucleoplasmic p53[3].

 

The PI3K-Akt pathway activates MDM2 and increases the ubiquitination of p53. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Chène P, et al. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction: an important target for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Feb;3(2):102-9.
[2]. Brown CJ, et al. Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(12):862-73. 
[3]. Polager S, et al. p53 and E2f: partners in life and death. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Oct;9(10):738-48. doi: 10.1038/nrc2718.