2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-113293BS1
    Estrone sulfate-d4 sodium
    		99.39%
    Estrone sulfate-d4 sodium is the deuterium labeled Estrone sulfate sodium (HY-113293B). Estrone sulfate sodium is an inactive endogenous estrogen that can be converted into Estrone (HY-B0234) and Estradiol (HY-B0141). Estrone sulfate sodium is also a substrate of the OATP1B3 transporter. Estrone sulfate sodium can be converted into Estrone and Estradiol in normal mammary parenchymal cells. Estrone sulfate sodium stimulates the growth of nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors in ovariectomized rats and the colony formation of dispersed nitrosomethylurea mammary cells, with conversion into Estrone and Estradiol occurring both in vivo and in vitro during this process. Estrone sulfate sodium is applicable to breast cancer-related research.
    Estrone sulfate-d<sub>4</sub> sodium
  • HY-W012708
    3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid
    		98.0%
    3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid is a β amino acid and positional isomer of L-leucine which is naturally produced in humans via the metabolism of L-leucine by the enzyme leucine 2,3-aminomutase. 3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid is also a metabolite produced by Torulaspora delbrueckii and can be used in the research of wine fermentation.
    3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid
  • HY-113224S
    Desmosterol-d6
    		99.38%
    Desmosterol-d6 is the deuterium labeled Desmosterol. Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. Desmosterol is the immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Desmosterol, as an endogenous metabolite, used to study cholesterol metabolism.
    Desmosterol-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-P0275
    Proctolin
    		98.56%
    Proctolin is an endogenous pentapeptide that acts as an excitatory neuromodulator.
    Proctolin
  • HY-W747599
    Ganglioside GQ1b (bovine) sodium
    		≥98.0%
    Ganglioside GQ1b (​Tetrasialoganglioside GQ1b) (bovine) sodium is a central and peripheral nervous system ganglioside and an immunostimulator. Ganglioside GQ1b (bovine) sodium modulates NMDA receptor signaling via ERK1/2, PKA, CREB, NR2A, NR2B, and GSK3β, and increases BDNF expression. Ganglioside GQ1b (bovine) sodium reduces Aβ pathology, tau phosphorylation, and APP levels. Ganglioside GQ1b (bovine) sodium can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.
    Ganglioside GQ1b (bovine) sodium
  • HY-W010224
    3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid
    		99.86%
    3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
    3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid
  • HY-113450
    10Z-Nonadecenoic acid
    		99.93%
    10Z-Nonadecenoic acid is a kind of long-chain fatty acid with anti-tumor activity.
    10Z-Nonadecenoic acid
  • HY-113232
    3-Methylcrotonylglycine
    		99.90%
    3-Methylcrotonylglycine is an acyl glycine, a normal amino acid metabolite found in urine.
    3-Methylcrotonylglycine
  • HY-129398
    Formiminoglutamic acid
    		≥99.0%
    Formiminoglutamic acid, an endogenous metabolite, could be an index of folic-acid deficiency.
    Formiminoglutamic acid
  • HY-W040055S
    Neopterin-13C5
    Neopterin-13C5 (D-(+)-Neopterin-13C5; D-erythro-Neopterin-13C5) is the deuterium labeled Neopterin (HY-W040055). Neopterin (D-(+)-Neopterin), a catabolic product of guanosine triphosphate (GTM), serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation.
    Neopterin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-109506S
    DPPC-d62
    		99.0%
    DPPC-d62 is the deuterium labeled DPPC. DPPC (129Y83) is a zwitterionic phosphoglyceride that can be used for the preparation of liposomal monolayers. DPPC-liposome serves effectively as a delivery vehicle for inducing immune responses against GSL antigen in mice.
    DPPC-d<sub>62</sub>
  • HY-10529R
    Betulinic acid (Standard)
    Betulinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Betulinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Betulinic acid can cross the blood-brain barrier.
    Betulinic acid (Standard)
  • HY-117738
    Benarthin
    Benarthin is an orally active Pyroglutamyl peptidase inhibitor, THY1 inhibitor (with a Kd value of 5.13e-08 M) and competitive PGP-1 inhibitor (Ki = 1.2 µM). Benarthin is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces xanthophaeus MJ244-SF1. Benarthin disrupts the THY1-SFRP1 interaction, inhibits the activation of the GSK3α/β-β-catenin pathway, and reduces the upregulation of FASLG. Benarthin attenuates urothelial anoikis and reduces cell Apoptosis. Benarthin possesses iron-chelating activity. Benarthin maintains urothelial barrier integrity and blocks the pathological cascade of renal interstitial fibroblasts induced by HAP stimulation. Benarthin can be used in studies related to kidney stones.
    Benarthin
  • HY-F0002R
    NADP sodium salt (Standard)
    NADP (sodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADP (sodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NADP sodium salt is the sodium salt form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes[1][4].
    NADP sodium salt (Standard)
  • HY-Y0479AS2
    L-Lactate-13C sodium (20% in water)
    		98.00%
    L-Lactate-13C ((S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid-13C) sodium is the 13C-labeled L-Lactic acid sodium (HY-W040233). L-lactate Sodium is a buildiing block which can be used as a precursor for the production of the bioplastic polymer poly-lactic acid. L-Lactic acid Sodium has antiproliferative activity.
    L-Lactate-<sup>13</sup>C sodium (20% in water)
  • HY-18260S1
    Bisphenol A-d6
    		99.70%
    Bisphenol A-d6 is the deuterium labeled Bisphenol A. Bisphenol A is a phenolic, organic synthetic compound widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A is a reproductive, developmental, and systemic toxicant, often classified as an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC). Bisphenol A is associated with many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases, obesity, and reproductivedisorders.
    Bisphenol A-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W749117
    Inosine 5′-diphosphate sodium
    		98.17%
    Inosine 5’-diphosphate sodium is a purine ribonucleoside 5’-diphosphate with inosine as the nucleobase, which can participate in intracellular energy metabolism and signal transduction processes.
    Inosine 5′-diphosphate sodium
  • HY-124265S2
    4β-Hydroxycholesterol-d4
    		99.79%
    4β-Hydroxycholesterol-d4 is the deuterium labeled 4β-Hydroxycholesterol (HY-124265) . 4β-Hydroxycholesterol is a major Cholesterol (HY-N0322) metabolite and a precursor in the synthesis of bile acids that is found in human circulation.
    4β-Hydroxycholesterol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-I0626S2
    Cytosine-d2
    		99.69%
    Cytosine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Cytosine. Cytosine is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA. Cytosine modifications exhibit circadian oscillations that are involved in epigenetic diversity and aging.
    Cytosine-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-75161R
    (-)-Menthol (Standard)
    (-)-Menthol (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Menthol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca2+]i. Antitumor activity.
    (-)-Menthol (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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