2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-128748S1
    DL-Glyceraldehyde-2-13C
    DL-Glyceraldehyde-2-13C is the 13C labeled DL-Glyceraldehyde[1].
    DL-Glyceraldehyde-2-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-E71019
    Sulfite Oxidase, Chicken
    Sulfite Oxidase, Chicken (EC 1.8.3.1) oxidizes sulfite to sulfate and transfers the generated electrons to the electron transport chain via cytochrome c, thereby generating ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
    Sulfite Oxidase, Chicken
  • HY-W001083S2
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d6
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d6 is the deuterium labeled 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HY-W001083). 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an orally active flavonoid metabolite produced by intestinal flora, with blood pressure-lowering activity. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can also inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of GPX4, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, abnormal levels of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid are closely related to certain diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders.
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B1331S
    Cyromazine-d4
    		99.0%
    Cyromazine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Cyromazine. Cyromazine is a triazine insect growth regulator used as an insecticide and an acaricide. It is a cyclopropyl derivative of melamine. Cyromazine works by affecting the nervous system of the immature larval stages of certain insects.
    Cyromazine-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-E70410
    NAD Synthetase
    NAD synthetase is responsible for the final step in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The Km values for NAD, ATP, and ammonia of NAD synthetase from Escherichia coli are 200 μM, 11 μM, and 0.65 μM, respectively, while the Km values for NAD, ATP, and ammonia of NAD synthetase from yeast are 170 μM, 190 μM, and 64 μM, respectively. NAD synthetase can be used for enzymatic assays to determine ATP, ammonia, urea, or creatinine, and is also suitable for enzymatic cycling methods. Additionally, NAD synthetase holds potential for research into metabolic diseases, cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.
    NAD Synthetase
  • HY-119413R
    9-Ethyladenine (Standard)
    Loxoprofen (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Loxoprofen (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Loxoprofen sodium is a non-steroidal, orally active anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Loxoprofen sodium is a nonselective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 6.5 and 13.5 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Loxoprofen sodium can reduce atherosclerosis and shows antitumor activity.
    9-Ethyladenine (Standard)
  • HY-E70337
    Heparanase 1, Human
    Heparanase 1, Human is a biocatalyst and a key enzyme in new biocatalyst technology. Enzyme engineering focuses on enhancing enzyme reaction kinetics, substrate selectivity, and activity under harsh conditions such as low or high pH. By introducing stimulus responsiveness to these enzyme modifications, dynamic control of activity is also possible.
    Heparanase 1, Human
  • HY-P2892
    Fumarase
    Fumarase catalyses the conversion of l-malic acid to fumaric acid. Fumarase participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle in mitochondria. Fumarase participates in the cellular response to DNA double strand breaks.
    Fumarase
  • HY-W015240R
    N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid (Standard)
    N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid (HY-W015240). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid is a type of glutamic acid that can serve as a component of cell culture media. When combined with media containing inorganic salts, carbohydrates, vitamins, and amino acids, N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid plays roles in promoting cell growth, enhancing antibody production, etc. N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid is also an endogenous metabolite that can be found in the brain. Additionally, as an IgE blocker, N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid can be used in the research of allergic diseases.
    N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid (Standard)
  • HY-179476
    3-Oxochol-5-en-24-oic acid
    3-Oxochol-5-en-24-oic acid is a rare bile acid produced by the intestinal microbiota. 3-Oxochol-5-en-24-oic acid is a potent antagonist of the human androgen receptor (hAR), with an IC50 of 119.4 nM. 3-Oxochol-5-en-24-oic acid has no significant agonistic or antagonistic effects on estrogen receptors (ER) or glucocorticoid receptors (GR). 3-Oxochol-5-en-24-oic acid effectively inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells. In animal models, it enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy by regulating the differentiation of CD8+ T cells. 3-Oxochol-5-en-24-oic acid can be used for research on regulating host immunity and anti-tumor studies.
    3-Oxochol-5-en-24-oic acid
  • HY-105323
    YM758 phosphate
    YM758 phosphate is a "funny" If current channel (If channel) inhibitor.
    YM758 phosphate
  • HY-113659
    3',5'-O-Bis(isobutiryl)-4'-azido-2'-β-C-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine
    3',5'-O-Bis(isobutyryl)-4'-azido-2'-β-C-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine functions as an NS5B inhibitor of RNA polymerase, and is utilized in the treatment of HCV infection.
    3',5'-O-Bis(isobutiryl)-4'-azido-2'-β-C-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine
  • HY-126867
    Neohydroxyaspergillic acid
    Neohydroxyaspergillic acid, an antibiotic, is active against some bacteriophages.
    Neohydroxyaspergillic acid
  • HY-P3241A
    Nucleoside Phosphorylase, bacterial
    Nucleoside Phosphorylase, bacterial (EC 2.4.2.1), is a pentosesyltransferase. Nucleoside Phosphorylase participates in three metabolic pathways: purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism. Its two substrates are purine nucleosides and phosphates, and its two products are purines and α-D-ribose-1-phosphate.
    Nucleoside Phosphorylase, bacterial
  • HY-P1486A
    Angiotensinogen (1-14), human TFA
    Angiotensinogen (1-14), human TFA is a fragment of the renin substrate angiotensinogen. Angiotensinogen is naturally occurring substrate for renin and a precursor for all angiotensin peptides.
    Angiotensinogen (1-14), human TFA
  • HY-P2917B
    Glycerol kinase, Flavobacterium meningosepticum
    Glycerol kinase, Flavobacterium meningosepticum (GyK, Flavobacterium meningosepticum) is a thermostable glycerol kinase isolated from Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Glycerol kinase, Flavobacterium meningosepticum catalyzes the first step in glycerol metabolism by converting triol to glycerol-3-p (G3P). Glycerol kinase, Flavobacterium meningosepticum is essential for regulating glycerol uptake in cells that is independent of channels or facilitators and is useful for biochemical studies.
    Glycerol kinase, Flavobacterium meningosepticum
  • HY-B0456S2
    Riboflavin-13C5
    Riboflavin-13C5 is the 13C-labeled Riboflavin. Riboflavin is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and other animals.
    Riboflavin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N6825R
    Hydroxy-α-sanshool (Standard)
    Hydroxy-α-sanshool (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydroxy-α-sanshool. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxy-α-sanshool is a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist with EC50s of 69 and 1.1 μM, respectively. Hydroxy-α-sanshool can be used for pain research.
    Hydroxy-α-sanshool (Standard)
  • HY-N1428AR
    Citric acid monohydrate (Standard)
    Citric acid monohydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citric acid monohydrate (HY-N1428A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citric acid monohydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid monohydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid monohydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid monohydrate is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.
    Citric acid monohydrate (Standard)
  • HY-176829
    FAHFA 18:1(9Z)/32-O-32:1(25Z)
    FAHFA 18:1(9Z)/32-O-32:1(25Z) (OAHFA 18:1(n-9, cis)/ω-O-32:1(n-7, cis)) is an (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acid (OAHFA) containing Oleic acid (HY-N1446) and 25(Z)-dotriacontenoic acid.
    FAHFA 18:1(9Z)/32-O-32:1(25Z)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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