2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W001963
    Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
    		99.96%
    Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid is a natural alkaloid from the marine bacterium Pelomonas puraquae sp. Nov. Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid is a biological form of pyrrole that is often encountered in natural compounds. Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid serves as a precursor for various pyrrole derivatives like clorobiocin, coumermycin A1, pyoluteorin, leupyrrins, and undecylprodigiosin in biosynthetic processes.
    Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
  • HY-113015
    Stearoylethanolamide
    		99.75%
    Stearoylethanolamide is an endocannabinoid-like compound with pro-apoptotic activity.
    Stearoylethanolamide
  • HY-N0650R
    L-Serine (Standard)
    L-Serine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Serine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.
    L-Serine (Standard)
  • HY-14608S8
    L-Glutamic acid-d3
    		99.26%
    L-Glutamic acid-d3 is the deuterium labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
    L-Glutamic acid-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B2176S6
    ATP-13C10 dilithium
    		99.94%
    ATP-13C10 (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-13C10) dilithium is 13C-labeled ATP (HY-B2176). ATP (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo. ATP provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation.
    ATP-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>10</sub> dilithium
  • HY-N7389A
    GDP-D-mannose disodium
    		99.97%
    GDP-D-mannose disodium consists of GDP-α-D-mannose (HY-N7389B) and GDP-β-D-mannose. GDP-α-D-mannose serves as a donor substrate for mannosyltransferases and acts as a precursor of GDP-β-L-fucose. GDP-α-D-mannose exerts competitive inhibition on GTP (with a Ki value of 14.7 μM) and non-competitive inhibition on mannose-1-P (with a Ki value of 115 μM). GDP-D-mannose disodium is metabolized to GDP-L-fucose (HY-134433) via GMDS (Gmd) and TSTA3 (WcaG).
    GDP-D-mannose disodium
  • HY-W001996
    6-Hydroxynicotinic acid
    		99.83%
    6-Hydroxynicotinic acid is an intermediate in the oxidation of Nicotinic acid (HY-B0143) by Pseudomonas fluorescens and metabolite. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid can be isolated from root exudates of Cucumis melo. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid disrupts the Auxin signaling pathway. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid inhibits haustoria precursor formation in Phlipanche aegyptiaca.
    6-Hydroxynicotinic acid
  • HY-101408
    Docosatrienoic Acid
    		99.9%
    Docosatrienoic acid is a rare ω-3 fatty acid; inhibits LTB4 binding to pig neutrophil membranes with an Ki of 5 μM.
    Docosatrienoic Acid
  • HY-W353102
    Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide)
    		99.0%
    Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) is a D-ring glucuronide metabolite of natural estrogen formed in the liver. Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) is a substrate of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide family (Oatp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2). Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) regulates MRP8-mediated transport processes and inhibits MRP8-mediated transport of dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate and taurocholic acid. Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) induces immediate, reversible reduction of bile flow and acute intrahepatic cholestasis in female rats without altering the bile acid composition in bile. Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) can be used in studies related to intrahepatic cholestasis.
    Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide)
  • HY-N1423A
    Glycocholic acid sodium
    Glycocholic acid sodium is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5 and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid sodium inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid sodium modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid sodium suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid sodium can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).
    Glycocholic acid sodium
  • HY-113161
    L-Octanoylcarnitine
    		≥99.0%
    L-Octanoylcarnitine is a plasma metabolite and a physiologically active form of octanoylcarnitine. L-Octanoylcarnitine can be used for the research of breast cancer.
    L-Octanoylcarnitine
  • HY-B1092A
    Gluconate sodium
    		≥98.0%
    Gluconate sodium (D-Gluconic acid sodium salt) is an orally active glucose derivative. Gluconate sodium reduces nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). Gluconate sodium inhibits ERK phosphorylation. Gluconate sodium has antioxidant and antiplatelet activation activities. Gluconate sodium has antitumor activity against colorectal cancer. Gluconate sodium improves osteoarthritis, intestinal damage and acute lung injury.
    Gluconate sodium
  • HY-N2419
    Erythrodiol
    		99.75%
    Erythrodiol is an olive oil component. Erythrodiol promotes Cholesterol efflux (ChE) by selectively inhibiting the degradation of ABCA1 protein. Erythrodiol is a good candidate to be further explored for therapeutic or preventive application in the context of atherosclerosis.
    Erythrodiol
  • HY-N0455AS2
    L-Arginine-d7 hydrochloride
    		99.92%
    L-Arginine-d7 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.
    L-Arginine-d<sub>7</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-W015883S
    Fumaric acid-13C4
    		98.0%
    Fumaric acid-13C4 is the 13C-labeled Fumaric acid. Fumaric acid, associated with fumarase deficiency, is identified as an oncometabolite or an endogenous, cancer causing metabolite.
    Fumaric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-W014180
    N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate
    		99.96%
    N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate, a histidine derivative, is a prominent biomolecule in brain, retina and lens of poikilothermic vertebrates. N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate has a role as an animal metabolite.
    N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate
  • HY-N0322S5
    Cholesterol-13C2
    		99.76%
    Cholesterol-13C2 is the 13C labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist.
    Cholesterol-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-W001080S
    3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid-d5
    		98.67%
    3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid is the main neuronal metabolite of dopamine.
    3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-W002112
    (±)-Nornicotine
    		99.43%
    (±)-Nornicotine is a major metabolite of Nicotine. (±)-Nornicotine is a partial nAChRs agonist, specifically activating receptor subtypes containing α7 and α6 subunits. (±)-Nornicotine disrupts β-catenin and ZO-1, and induces F-actin depolymerization. (±)-Nornicotine supports self-administration behavior. (±)-Nornicotine can be used in the research of atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia.
    (±)-Nornicotine
  • HY-Y0839
    Levulinic acid
    		99.95%
    Levulinic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of biofuels, such as ethyl levulinate. Levulinic acid is also a 5-keto-pentanoic acid. Levulinic acid can be utilized by the cells as a cosubstrate for biopolymer synthesis. Levulinic acid can be used in antibacterial research.
    Levulinic acid
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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