Exosomes

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles, typically ranging in diameter from approximately 40 to 160 nm; originating from the endosomal pathway, they mediate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, microRNA, and other bioactive substances between donor and recipient cells. Exosomes possess a unique combination of attributes-including natural targeting capabilities, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, a long circulatory half-life, and the ability to traverse biological barriers (including the blood-brain barrier)-making them a highly attractive platform for applications in cancer therapy, regenerative medicine, disease diagnosis, and drug delivery. Mechanistically, tumor-derived exosomes regulate tumor progression through intercellular signaling; by delivering oncogenic miRNAs, proteins, and signaling mediators to stromal and immune cells, they promote angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune evasion, tumor metastasis, and the formation of a pre-metastatic niche. Furthermore, exosomes can induce and exacerbate chemotherapy resistance by shielding tumor cells from cytotoxic drugs and by transferring drug-resistance traits to neighboring cells.
In the field of drug development, engineered exosomes are being utilized as nanocarriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, siRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, CRISPR payloads, and immunomodulators. In disease models involving breast cancer, lung cancer, glioma, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, this strategy has effectively reduced systemic toxicity while simultaneously enhancing tumor-targeting specificity. Moreover, exosomes are being applied in tissue repair, the modulation of inflammatory diseases, the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, and precision diagnostics based on "liquid biopsy" technologies; the biomarkers carried within circulating exosomes facilitate the early screening of diseases and the real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy.

References:

[1]. Exosome Overview. Medicine and Dentistry. Sciencedirect.

[2]. Chen Q, et al. Exosomes as Novel Delivery Systems for Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Molecules. 2022 Nov 12;27(22):7789. [Content Brief]

[3]. Nafar S, et al. Exosome as a target for cancer treatment. J Investig Med. 2022 Jun;70(5):1212-1218. [Content Brief]

[4]. Petersen D, et al. Binding and intracellular transport of 25-hydroxycholesterol by Niemann-Pick C2 protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2020 Feb 1;1862(2):183063. [Content Brief]

[5]. Basyoni AE, et al. Harnessing exosomes for targeted drug delivery systems to combat brain cancer. Cancer Cell Int. 2025 Apr 15;25(1):150. [Content Brief]

[6]. Aghebati-Maleki A, et al. Implications of exosomes as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in cancer. J Cell Physiol. 2019 Dec;234(12):21694-21706. [Content Brief]

[7]. Mousavi S, et al. Tumor-derived exosomes: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic target in the treatment of colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol. 2019 Aug;234(8):12422-12432. [Content Brief]

[8]. Panigrahi AR, et al. Exosomes: Insights and therapeutic applications in cancer. Transl Oncol. 2022 Jul;21:101439. [Content Brief]

[9]. Mirgh D,et al. Landscape of exosomes to modified exosomes: a state of the art in cancer therapy. RSC Adv. 2024 Sep 26;14(42):30807-30829. [Content Brief]

[10]. Xiao Q, Tan M, Yan G, Peng L. Revolutionizing lung cancer treatment: harnessing exosomes as early diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutics and nano-delivery platforms. J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Mar 21;23(1):232.

[11]. Sarkar S, et al. Exosomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of Current Research and Future Directions. J Cell Mol Med. 2025 Jul;29(14):e70723.

[12]. Luo X, et al. Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-Glioma Effects of Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Derived from Garcinia Mangostana L.: A Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Study. Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Apr 27;20:5407-5427.

[13]. Feng P, et al. The Roles of Exosomes in Anti-Cancer Drugs. Cancer Med. 2025 May;14(9):e70897.

[14]. Zhao B, et al Exosome-like nanoparticles derived from fruits, vegetables, and herbs: innovative strategies of therapeutic and drug delivery. Theranostics. 2024 Aug 1;14(12):4598-4621.

Exosomes 관련 제품 (69):

By Effects:	Inhibitors (40) Modulators (4) Inducers (10)

Cat. No.	상품명	효과	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-13662C

(S)-Lansoprazole	Inhibitor	98.90%
(S)-Lansoprazole (Levolansoprazole) is an isoform of Lansoprazole (HY-13662), which is an orally active proton pump inhibitor which prevents the stomach from producing acid. Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is a potent brain penetrant neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor (exosome inhibitor).

HY-14648S

Dexamethasone-d₅	Inhibitor	99.23%
Dexamethasone-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.

HY-P10862A

AH-D peptide TFA	Inhibitor	98.78%
AH-D peptide TFA is an antiviral peptide that selectively disrupts membrane structures within the size range of exosomes, inducing T-EXO depletion and enhancing cancer immunotherapy.

HY-N4302

Monensin	Modulator	98.07%
Monensin (Monensin A), an orally active antibiotic, is an ionophore that mediates Na⁺/H⁺ exchange. Monensin is a potent Wnt signaling inhibitor. Monensin causes a marked enlargement of the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and regulates exosome secretion. Monensin can be used for bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections research, and shows anticancer effects.

HY-14648S5

Dexamethasone-d₃-1	Inhibitor	98.02%
Dexamethasone-d₃-1 (Hexadecadrol-d₃-1; Prednisolone F-d₃-1) is a deuterium labeled Dexamethasone (HY-14648). Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.

HY-90006S1

5-Fluorouracil-¹³C,¹⁵N₂	Inhibitor
5-Fluorouracil-¹³C,¹⁵N₂ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled 5-Fluorouracil. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an analogue of uracil and a potent antitumor agent. 5-Fluorouracil affects pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase thus depleting intracellular dTTP pools. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used as a chemical sensitizer. 5-Fluorouracil also inhibits HIV.

HY-P10862

AH-D peptide	Inhibitor	99.32%
AH-D peptide is a brain-penetrant antiviral agent disrupting highly curved lipid membranes. AH-D peptide exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against ZIKV, Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, yellow fever virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, with IC₅₀ values of 11.9, 12.5, 35.7, 206 and 136 nM, respectively. AH-D peptide reduces the viral load in the brain, suppresses inflammation, protects neurons, and does not damage the blood brain barrier. AH-D peptide restores antitumor immunity by decreasing circulating PD-L1⁺ exosomes, reducing intratumoral immunosuppressive cells (regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells), and enhancing T cell function. AH-D peptide inhibits membrane-enveloped viruses and cancer cell metastasis in vivo. AH-D peptide exhibits no immunogenicity and has negligible effects on normal tissues. AH-D peptide can be used for research in Zika virus and other mosquito-borne viruses, cancer immunotherapy and metastasis.

HY-116879

4-Oxo-2-Nonenal Alkyne		99.90%
4-Oxo-2-Nonenal Alkyne ((2E)-4-Oxo-2-nonen-8-ynal; alkynyl-4-ONE) is a functionalized lipid electrophile that conjugated to the exosomes via the reaction of amino and aldehyde groups. 4-Oxo-2-Nonenal Alkyne can be used in tumor exosomes determination.

HY-N0822R

Shikonin (Standard)	Inhibitor
Shikonin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Shikonin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Shikonin is a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine named zicao. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. Shikonin is a specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor and can also inhibit TNF-α and NF-κB pathway. Shikonin decreases exosome secretion through the inhibition of glycolysis. Shikonin inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation.

HY-P10641

Heart-homing peptide
Heart-homing peptide is a heart-targeting peptide with the sequence CRPPR that mediates cardiac endothelial targeting and accumulates in cardiac tissues. Heart-homing peptide mediates the translocation of liposomal and exosomal cargos across cardiac endothelium into interstitial tissues, enhances the accumulation of exosomes in the heart, and inhibits the GP130-STAT3/ERK1/2/AKT pathway. Heart-homing peptide accumulates at sites of ischemia/reperfusion, myocardial infarction and hypertrophy in mice. Heart-homing peptide can be used for the research of cardiovascular diseases.

HY-13662BS

(R)-Lansoprazole-d₄	Inhibitor	99.13%
(R)-Lansoprazole-d₄ is deuterium labeled (R)-Lansoprazole. (R)-Lansoprazole is the R enantiomer of Lansoprazole, Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is an orally active proton pump inhibitor which prevents the stomach from producing acid. Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is a potent brain penetrant neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor (exosome inhibitor).

HY-160607

MMA-NODAGA
MMA-NODAGA is a chelator for site-specific labeling of targeting proteins containing unpaired cysteine. MMA-NODAGA can be used to conjugate with exosome and ⁶⁴Cu in image with positron emission tomography (PET)^<[2].

HY-13662A

Lansoprazole sodium	Inhibitor	98.80%
Lansoprazole sodium (AG 1749 sodium) is an orally active proton pump inhibitor which prevents the stomach from producing acid. Lansoprazole sodium (AG 1749 sodium) is a potent brain penetrant neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor (exosome inhibitor).

HY-14648S2

Dexamethasone-d₄	Inhibitor	98.93%
Dexamethasone-d₄ is deuterium labeled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.

HY-P11174

CP05
CP05 is a peptide that specifically recognizes an exosome surface marker (CD63). CP05 anchors exosomes to target tissues for in vivo delivery of exosomes.

HY-13662R

Lansoprazole (Standard)	Inhibitor
Lansoprazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lansoprazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is an orally active proton pump inhibitor which prevents the stomach from producing acid. Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is a potent brain penetrant neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor (exosome inhibitor).

HY-148978R

18:0,18:1 PS sodium (Standard)
Resorantel (Standard) is the analytical standard of Resorantel. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 18:0,18:1 PS sodium is the dominant phosphatidylserine subtype in cells, exosomes and HIV particles. It is abundant in the brain and is essential for maintaining membrane structure, lipid raft organization and intracellular trafficking. 18:0,18:1 PS sodium mediates interleaflet membrane coupling through cholesterol-dependent interactions with very long-chain sphingolipids, and can induce the clustering of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. In addition, clusters formed by the binding of 18:0,18:1 PS sodium to cholesterol not only facilitate the proper distribution of cholesterol in lipid bilayers, but also effectively protect cholesterol from oxidative damage.

HY-157811

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-40	Inhibitor
PD-1/PD-L1-IN-40 (Compound EP16) is a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-40 inhibits the generation of exosomal PD-L1 with IC₅₀ = 0.108 μM. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-40 can serve as a leading compound for exosomal PD-L1 abrogation. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-40 can be used for the research of cancer.

HY-169819

Calcium influx inducer compound 634	Inhibitor
Calcium influx inducer compound 634 is a calcium influx inducer. Calcium influx inducer compound 634 (10 µM) enhances the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (mBMDCs). Calcium influx inducer compound 634 (10 µM) also increases the levels of CD86 and CD80 on the surface of mBMDCs, an effect that can be blocked by the calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitor YM-58483 (HY-100831).

HY-90006S3

5-Fluorouracil-¹³C₄,¹⁵N₂	Inhibitor
5-Fluorouracil-¹³C₄,¹⁵N₂ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled 5-Fluorouracil. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an analogue of uracil and a potent antitumor agent. 5-Fluorouracil affects pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase thus depleting intracellular dTTP pools. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used as a chemical sensitizer. 5-Fluorouracil also inhibits HIV.

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