2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N12233
    Condurango glycoside A
    		Inducer
    Condurango glycoside A is an activator of p53. Condurango glycoside A initiates ROS generation and up-regulates p53 expression. Condurango glycoside A induces apoptosis and pre-mature senescence associated with DNA damage in HeLa cells.
    Condurango glycoside A
  • HY-N0892R
    AKBA (Standard)
    AKBA (Standard) is the analytical standard of AKBA. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. AKBA (Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid) is an active triterpenoid compound from the extract of Boswellia serrate and a novel Nrf2 activator.
    AKBA (Standard)
  • HY-N1904
    4′-Hydroxywogonin
    		Inhibitor 98.22%
    4′-Hydroxywogonin (8-Methoxyapigenin), a flavonoid, could be isolated from a variety of plants including Scutellaria barbata and Verbena littoralis. 4′-Hydroxywogonin has anti-inflammatory activity via TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3/AKT signaling pathways. 4′-Hydroxywogonin inhibits angiogenesis by disrupting PI3K/AKT signaling. 4′-Hydroxywogonin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
    4′-Hydroxywogonin
  • HY-N11003
    Vanicoside A
    		Inducer 99.40%
    Vanicoside A is a phenylpropanoid glycoside. Vanicoside A can be isolated from Polygonum pensylvanicum. Vanicoside A inhibits protein kinase C (PKC), induces substantial ROS production. Vanicoside A exhibits anticancer activity against melanoma.
    Vanicoside A
  • HY-N3149
    (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde is an aldehyde that can be separated from the stem bark of cinnamon. (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting signal transduction of STAT3 and reactive oxygen species production. (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde has antitumor activity.
    (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde
  • HY-W283930
    YHV98-4
    		Inhibitor 98.26%
    YHV98-4 is a selective, blood-brain barrier permeable Hv1 channel inhibitor. YHV98-4 specifically inhibits Hv1 with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 1 µM without inhibiting other ion channels. YHV98-4 reduces the propagation of p-tau. YHV98-4 increases ATP production, and enhances microglial mitophagy. YHV98-4 attenuates inflammatory pain via inhibition of Hv1 and ROS production. YHV98-4 enhances microglia-to-neuron mitochondrial transfer, promoting the delivery of functional mitochondria to rescue neuronal damage and improve cognitive function. YHV98-4 reduces inflammation. YHV98-4 can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    YHV98-4
  • HY-169402
    PDE1-IN-9
    		Inhibitor
    PDE1-IN-9 (Compound 7a) is a selective inhibitor for phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), that inhibits PDE1C with an IC50 of 11 nM. PDE1-IN-9 reduces mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and iNOS, inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). PDE1-IN-9 exhibits good metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes.
    PDE1-IN-9
  • HY-125807
    IS20
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    IS20 is a Prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) agonist. IS20 diminishes Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) mediated apoptosis and ROS production by activating Akt or MAPK pathways. IS20 protects the heart against Doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular toxicity and improves the survival rate and cardiac function in mouse models. IS20 does not alter the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of acute DOX treatment in breast cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse models. IS20 can be used for cancers research.
    IS20
  • HY-B0739R
    Citicoline (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Citicoline (Cytidine diphosphate-choline) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citicoline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citicoline is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline (Standard)
  • HY-168926
    NQO2-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.02%
    NQO2-IN-1 (Compound 20b) is the inhibitor for quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) that inhibits NQO2 with an IC50 of 95 nM. NQO2-IN-1 overcomes the resistance of NSCLC cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) by induction of ROS and apoptosis.
    NQO2-IN-1
  • HY-B1777AR
    Spermine tetrahydrochloride (Standard)
    Spermine (tetrahydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Spermine (tetrahydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells.
    Spermine tetrahydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-142026
    Vitisin A
    		Inducer
    Vitisin A ((+)-Vitisin A) is an orally active natural product with multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-pathogenic microorganism, hypoglycemic and lipid-regulating, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective effects. Vitisin A exhibits inhibitory effects on human AChE and MAO-B with IC50 values of 1.29 µM and 4.94 µM, respectively. Vitisin A inhibits the ERK, MAPK, NF-κB, STAT1, HMGCR and TRAF6 pathways, downregulates the related phosphorylation and protein expression, while activates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and upregulates p21 expression. Vitisin A induces tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, inhibits adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, while alleviates oxidative stress, suppresses inflammatory responses, blocks hepatic fibrosis, Cuproptosis and cholesterol synthesis, and increases the expression levels of central BDNF and TrkB. Vitisin A can be used in the research of tumors, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, bone and joint diseases, liver diseases, skin injuries, as well as neurodegenerative and cognitive dysfunction-related diseases.
    Vitisin A
  • HY-126876
    GL-V9
    		Activator 98.08%
    GL-V9 inhibits proliferation of HepG2 cell (IC50 is 35.2 μM) through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. GL-V9 regulates mitochondrial membrane potential and increases the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. GL-V9 inhibits the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), enhances fatty acid oxidation (FAO) through activation of AMPK, and thus inhibits the metastasis of cancer cells. GL-V9 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model.
    GL-V9
  • HY-N3004
    Cyperotundone
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Cyperotundone is a sesquiterpene isolated from Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus).
    Cyperotundone
  • HY-I0508S
    Phthalic acid-d4
    		Inducer 98.36%
    Phthalic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Phthalic acid. Phthalic acid is the final common metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Phthalic acid can be used for the synthesis of synthetic agents, such as isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA). Phthalic acid has applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers. Phthalic acid exhibits mutagenic effect and causes genetic damage in mammalian germ cells.
    Phthalic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-W117986
    Aβ aggregation-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Aβ aggregation-IN-1 (Compound 1b) is a β-amyloid aggregation inhibitor/depolymerizer, with IC50 values of 3.92 μM and 7.19 μM, respectively. Aβ aggregation-IN-1 inhibits the activation of preformed β-amyloid fibrils, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Caspase-3. Aβ aggregation-IN-1 can be used in research related to Alzheimer's disease.
    Aβ aggregation-IN-1
  • HY-128431
    Arochlor 1254
    		Inducer
    Arochlor 1254 is a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture with biphenyl and 54% chlorine. Aroclor 1254 reduced cell viability and induced overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. Arochlor 1254 exposure reduces calcium homeostasis, osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
    Arochlor 1254
  • HY-B0739AR
    Citicoline sodium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Citicoline sodium (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citicoline sodium. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citicoline sodium is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline sodium inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline sodium can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline sodium (Standard)
  • HY-N8284
    Tomentosin
    		Inducer 98.95%
    Tomentosin is an orally active natural sesquiterpenoid lactone. Tomentosin exhibits multiple activities such as anti-tumor, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects. Tomentosin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce apoptosis. Tomentosin can be used in the research of tumors, inflammation and nervous system diseases.
    Tomentosin
  • HY-N2421
    Sequoyitol
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Sequoyitol (5-O-Methyl-myo-inositol) is an orally active hypoglycemic agent and antioxidant. Sequoyitol can be isolated from herbaceous plants. Sequoyitol downregulates the expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1, reduces ROS production and malondialdehyde levels, and enhances total antioxidant capacity. Sequoyitol activates the insulin signaling pathway, including the phosphorylation of IR, IRS1 and Akt. Sequoyitol increases serum insulin levels, inhibits hepatic glucose production, and promotes cellular glucose uptake. Sequoyitol antagonizes TNFα-induced inhibition of the insulin signaling pathway, and decreases blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Sequoyitol elicits potential peaks in the chemosensors of adult and larval Atrophaneura alcinous, and acts as an oviposition stimulant for female Atrophaneura alcinous. Sequoyitol can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic nephropathy.
    Sequoyitol
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity