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Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a critical transcription factor that mediates cellular responses to interferons and cytokines by undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation to regulate target gene expression[1][2]. Mechanistically, STAT1 modulates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, influencing immune regulation, apoptosis, and inflammation, and it can inhibit the Ras-MAPK pathway and Rho GTPase expression, thereby controlling cell proliferation and adhesion[3]. STAT1 exists as functionally distinct α and β isoforms, which differ in transcriptional activity and protein stability; STAT1β specifically enhances tumor immune surveillance by promoting CD8+ T-cell infiltration and suppressing M2 macrophage polarization in ovarian cancer[4]. In disease models, aberrant STAT1 activation contributes to epithelial ovarian cancer progression, airway inflammation, and spinal cord injury, while targeted inhibition of STAT1 reduces apoptosis and inflammatory responses[5][6][7]. Compared with other STAT family members, STAT1 exhibits unique regulatory interactions, such as selective inhibition by PIAS1 and differential phosphorylation at Y701 and S727, which modulate both canonical and non-canonical pathways[1][3]. Small-molecule inhibitors and agonists, including fostamatinib, MK256, and 15dPGJ2, have been shown to modulate STAT1 activity in vitro and in vivo, offering tools for experimental intervention and potential therapeutic applications[8][9][2]. These findings position STAT1 as a key regulator of immune and stress responses, distinct from related isoforms, and a targetable node for experimental and clinical studies.
Deucravacitinib (BMS-986165) is an orally active allosteric inhibitor of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), with an IC50 of 0.2 nM and a Ki of 0.02 nM against the JH2 domain of TYK2, and it exhibits selectivity over otherJAK subtypes and most of the kinome. Deucravacitinib blocks IL-23, IL-12, p-STAT1/3 and Type I IFN signaling, and inhibits Th17/Th1-mediated psoriasis inflammation. Deucravacitinib can be used in research related to moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus.
C188-9 (TTI-101) is a STAT3 inhibitor with a Kd value of 4.7 nM. C188-9 targets the SH2 domain of STAT3, blocks the processes of STAT3 ligand binding, receptor recruitment, homodimerization and phosphorylation, and regulates STAT3-mediated genes associated with tumorigenesis and radioresistance. C188-9 regulates STAT1-mediated genes related to radioresistance and reduces the activation level of STAT1. C188-9 downregulates the expression of DNMT1, enhances DAC-induced demethylation and re-expression of RASSF1A, and simultaneously potentiates the anti-tumor effect of DAC on pancreatic cancer cells. C188-9 inhibits both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells, induces Apoptosis, blocks the growth of tumor xenografts, and suppresses muscle atrophy. C188-9 maintains muscle mass, increases body weight and improves grip strength in tumor-bearing mice. C188-9 can be used in research related to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, sepsis-related skeletal muscle wasting, non-small cell lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia and cancer cachexia.
Anti-Mouse NK1.1 Antibody (PK136) is an anti-mouse NK1.1IgG2a monoclonal antibody. Anti-Mouse NK1.1 Antibody (PK136) can deplete natural killer (NK) cells. Anti-Mouse NK1.1 Antibody (PK136) inhibits the JAK-STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Anti-Mouse NK1.1 Antibody (PK136) can be used for research on inflammation conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Erasin is a potent Erlotinib (HY-50896)-resistance antagonizing STAT3 inhibitor with IC50s of 9.7 and 24 μM against STAT3 and STAT1, respectively. Erasin induces cancer cells apoptosis.
ZDZ-553 is an orally active STAT1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.87 μM. ZDZ-553 modulates STAT1 signaling to affect downstream lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. ZDZ-553 attenuates hepatic steatosis in NASH mouse models. ZDZ-553 reduces inflammatory responses in NASH mouse models. ZDZ-553 can be used for the research of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
PROTAC SKP2 Degrader-1 is a PROTAC degrader targeting SKP2, with a Kd value of 6.28 μM. PROTAC SKP2 Degrader-1 induces targeted degradation of SKP2 via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. PROTAC SKP2 Degrader-1 stabilizes the expression of SOCS1 and regulates the expression of immunoproteasomes through the JAK/STAT pathway, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. PROTAC SKP2 Degrader-1 is applicable for cancer-related research.
IFN-α Receptor Recognition Peptide 1 acetate (IRRP1 acetate) is an amino acid synthetic peptide and also a regulator of IFN-α Receptor. IFN-α Receptor Recognition Peptide 1 acetate binds to IFNAR2, enhances the binding capacity of IFN-α receptor, and slightly increases the IFN-α-induced growth inhibitory activity. IFN-α Receptor Recognition Peptide 1 acetate inhibits IFN-α-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and STAT-DNA binding by blocking the activation of IFNAR by IFN-α. IFN-α Receptor Recognition Peptide 1 acetate increases the occupancy of IFN-α on cell surface receptors, enhances the phosphorylation activation of ISGF3, and elevates IFN-α-induced antiviral activity. IFN-α Receptor Recognition Peptide 1 acetate can be used in studies related to encephalomyocarditis virus infection.
BCI-137 is a Argonaute 2 (AGO2) inhibitor. By inhibiting AGO2 function, reducing PTPN6/SHP-1 protein levels and enhancing STAT1 phosphorylation, BCI-137 restores the sensitivity of tumor cells to IFN-γ. BCI-137 effectively enhances the recruitment, activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. BCI-137 exerts a synergistic effect with anti-PD-1 antibodies and significantly reduces tumor volume in preclinical mouse models. BCI-137 exhibits favorable safety profiles and does not cause significant weight loss or death in mice. BCI-137 can be used in research related to bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma and other related fields.
STAT4-IN-1 is an inhibitor of STAT4 with a Ki of 0.35 μM. STAT4-IN-1 is expected to be used in the research of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes.
STAT1/3-IN-1 is a potent STAT1/3 inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory effect. STAT1/3-IN-1 inhibits phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1/3 to modulate microglial inflammation, reduces LPS (HY-D1056)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2). STAT1/3-IN-1 exhibits low toxicity in mice. STAT1/3-IN-1 can be used for the research of neuroinflammation.
Sm4 is a selective and orally active SOX18 inhibitor. Sm4 inhibits SOX18-DNA binding (IC50 = 97.5 μM); Sm4 disrupts the SOX18-RBPJ protein-protein interaction (IC50 = 42.3 μM). Sm4 blocks SOX18 DNA binding, disrupts multiple SOX18 protein-protein interactions with RBPJ, DDX1, DDX17, ILF3, SOX7 and STAT1, modulates SOX18 chromatin binding dynamics. Sm4 exerts anti‑angiogenic and anti‑lymphangiogenic effects, reduces tumor vascular density, triggers vascular defects in zebrafish, prolongs survival in mouse metastatic cancer models. Sm4 can be used for the research of breast cancer.
SB02024 is a potent and orally active VPS34 inhibitor. SB02024 inhibits Vps34 kinase activity. SB02024 induces CCL5 and CXCL10 via STAT1/IRF7. SB02024 shows anticancer activity.
LL-K8-22 is a potent, selective and durable PROTAC CDK8-cyclin C dual degrader, with DC50 values of 2.52 and 2.64 μM, respectively. LL-K8-22 also suppresses STAT1 Ser 727 phosphorylation. LL-K8-22 inhibits E2F- and MYC-driven carcinogenic transcriptional programs. LL-K8-22 can be used for triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC) research.
SD-436 is a highly selective and efficacious STAT3PROTAC degrader (DC50: 0.5 μM), with IC50 of 19 nM (STAT3), 270 nM (STAT1), 360 nM (STAT4), >10 μM (STAT5) and >10 μM (STAT6). SD-436 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of STAT3, and induces tumor regression. SD-436 can be used for tumor research, such as leukemia and lymphoma (Pink: STAT3 ligand (HY-169361); Blue: E3 ligase ligand (HY-43722); Black: linker (HY-147052).
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid is an orally active anthraquinone compound and Antibacterial agent. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid can be isolated from Bajitian. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid inhibits the activation of DPP-IV, COX-2, NF-κB and AP-1. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid blocks IAV-induced activation of the RIG-I/STAT1 pathway, alleviates IAV-mediated weight loss, and protects against lethal IAV infection. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid inhibits the growth of various Staphylococcus strains. It possesses potent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities.\n
PROTACTYK2 degrader-1 is a TYK2PROTAC degrader with a Dmax ≥ 60%. PROTACTYK2 degrader-1 reduces the phosphorylation levels of IFNα-induced STAT1 (Tyr701) and STAT3 (Tyr705) in immune cells. PROTACTYK2 degrader-1 can be used in research on cancer, inflammatory diseases, etc.
KMR-206 is a PARP7 inhibitor with an IC50 of 13.7 nM. KMR-206 relieves AHR-mediated transcriptional repression and enhances CYP1A1 expression in the presence of TCDD. KMR-206 induces the STING-dependent IFN-β signaling pathway and increases the levels of STAT1, pSTAT1 and nuclear PARP7 in cancer cells. KMR-206 reduces the viability of lung adenocarcinoma cells, enhances radiation-induced immunogenic signals, and induces the production of immunogenic signals in glioblastoma cancer stem cells. KMR-206 destabilizes FRA1 to increase IRF1 levels and promotes the IRF3-CBP/p300 interaction. KMR-206 can be used in studies related to lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma.
Pheophytin a is a multi-target inhibitor, anticancer agent, antioxidant and antiviral agent. Pheophytin a directly binds to and inhibits HCV-NS3/4A protease (IC50=0.89 μM) to block viral replication. Pheophytin a also scavenges free radicals, reduces ferric ions, and exhibits cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells. Pheophytin a effectively inhibits LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, NOS2 and COX-2, as well as various pro-inflammatory cytokines, by downregulating the transcription levels of inflammatory mediators and blocking the ERK1/2 and STAT-1 pathways. In a low nerve growth factor environment, Pheophytin a also enhances ERK1/2 phosphorylation and synergistically promotes neurite outgrowth through MAPK pathway. Pheophytin a can be used to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases including chronic hepatitis C, sepsis, breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
Zharp1-211 is a RIPK1 kinase inhibitor with an EC50 of 53 nM and a Kd of 8.7 nM. Zharp1-211 reduces IFN-γ-induced STAT1 activation. Zharp1-211 can be used in the research of graft-versus-host disease and colon cancer.
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