2. Anti-infection Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Immunology/Inflammation NF-κB Stem Cell/Wnt JAK/STAT Signaling
  3. Influenza Virus Bacterial Dipeptidyl Peptidase COX NF-κB AP-1 RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) STAT
  4. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid is an orally active anthraquinone compound and Antibacterial agent. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid can be isolated from Bajitian. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid inhibits the activation of DPP-IV, COX-2, NF-κB and AP-1. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid blocks IAV-induced activation of the RIG-I/STAT1 pathway, alleviates IAV-mediated weight loss, and protects against lethal IAV infection. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid inhibits the growth of various Staphylococcus strains. It possesses potent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities.\n




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Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 117-78-2

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid:

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

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DPP-1 DPP-2 DPP-4 DPP-8 DPP-9

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COX COX-1 COX-2 COX-3

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NF-κB NF-κB1/p50 RelA/p65 RelB c-Rel

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c-Fos FosB Fra1/FOSL1 Fra2/FOSL2 c-Jun

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RIG-I MDA5

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STAT3 STAT5 STAT6 STAT1

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid is an orally active anthraquinone compound and Antibacterial agent. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid can be isolated from Bajitian. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid inhibits the activation of DPP-IV, COX-2, NF-κB and AP-1. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid blocks IAV-induced activation of the RIG-I/STAT1 pathway, alleviates IAV-mediated weight loss, and protects against lethal IAV infection. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid inhibits the growth of various Staphylococcus strains. It possesses potent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities[1][2][3].\n
IC50 & Target[1]

DPP-4

 

COX-2

 

STAT1

 

In Vitro

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (50 μM; 6 h) potently inhibits LPS-induced expression of iNOS, TNF-α and COX-2 mRNA in RAW264.7 macrophages[1].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (50 μM; 16 h) potently inhibits LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression in RAW264.7 macrophages[1].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (50 μM) potently inhibits PMA-induced NF-κB and AP-1 promoter activities in HEK293 cells[1].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (0.005-100 μM; 72 h for cytotoxicity assay) inhibits the cytopathic effect induced by four different influenza virus strains in MDCK cells, with EC50 values ranging from 33.34 to 73.45 μM, and shows no cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 100 μM[2].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (1.23-100 μM) reduces the viral RNA copy number and infectious particle yield of H1N1 PR/8 in MDCK cells in a dose-dependent manner, with the maximum inhibitory effect observed at 100 μM[2].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (3.7-100 μM; 24 h) reduces the expressions of PB2, NP and NS1 proteins in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner[2].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (3.7-100 μM; 24 h) dose-dependently inhibits the activation of the RIG-I/STAT1 signaling pathway in A549 cells induced by H1N1 PR/8[2].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (18 h) inhibits the growth of various Staphylococcus strains, with an MIC of 62.5 µg/mL against S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, 125 µg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. epidermidis KCTC 13171, and 250 µg/mL against MRSA1, MRSA2, and S. saprophyticus ATCC 15305[3].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (18 h) acts synergistically with copper oxide nanoparticles against *Staphylococcus aureus* ATCC 25923, reducing its effective MIC from 125 µg/mL to 15.6 µg/mL, with a resulting FICI of 0.375[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid Related Antibodies

Real Time qPCR[1]

Cell Line: murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells (LPS-stimulated)
Concentration: 50 μM
Incubation Time: 6 h
Result: Significantly suppressed LPS-induced mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), with statistically significant reductions (P < 0.01) compared to LPS-treated control cells.

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells (LPS-stimulated)
Concentration: 25 μM, 50 μM
Incubation Time: 16 h
Result: Significantly reduced LPS-induced COX-2 protein levels (P < 0.01) compared to LPS-treated control cells at 50 μM.
Did not produce a statistically significant reduction of LPS-induced COX-2 protein levels at 25 μM.

Western Blot Analysis[2]

Cell Line: A549 cells
Concentration: 3.7-100 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Dose-dependently suppressed viral PB2, NP, and NS1 protein levels.
Reduced PB2 protein levels to ~20% of virus-only control levels at 100 μM.
Reduced NP protein levels to ~10% of virus-only control levels at 100 μM.
Reduced NS1 protein levels to ~30% of virus-only control levels at 100 μM.

Western Blot Analysis[2]

Cell Line: A549 cells infected with H1N1 PR/8
Concentration: 3.7-100 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Dose-dependently decreased virus-induced upregulation of MDA5, RIG-I, p-STAT1, STAT1, and TRIM25 protein levels.
Caused a non-statistically significant downward trend in MAVS protein levels.
In Vivo

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (3-30 mg/kg; p.o.; three times every 8 hours in one day) reduces HCl/EtOH-induced gastric mucosal lesions by 73% and suppresses inflammatory signaling and COX-2 expression in stomach tissue[1].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (3-30 mg/kg; p.o.; single dose 30 minutes prior to aspirin) reduces aspirin-induced gastric mucosal lesions by 78% and suppresses neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory signaling in stomach tissue[1].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (3-30 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; 7 days) significantly reduces arachidonic acid-induced ear edema in mice[1].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (30-60 mg/kg; p.o.; single dose 60 minutes prior to acetic acid) reduces acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes by 57% and 72%, respectively, in mice[1].
Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (10-100 mg/kg; i.g.; daily; 5 days) dose-dependently protects BALB/c mice from lethal influenza A virus infection, with the 100 mg/kg dose rescuing 60% of mice, reducing viral loads in lung tissue, and mitigating lung injury and pro-inflammatory cytokine production[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: ICR (male, 6 weeks old, HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis)[1]
Dosage: 3 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg
Administration: p.o.; three times every 8 hours in one day
Result: Reduced HCl/EtOH-induced gastric mucosal erosive lesions by up to 73% at 30 mg/kg.
Significantly suppressed COX-2 mRNA expression in stomach tissue at both doses, with statistically significant reduction at 30 mg/kg relative to vehicle control.
Inhibited HCl/EtOH-induced phosphorylation of p38, Src, and Syk, and reduced degradation of IRAK1 in stomach tissue at both doses, with statistically significant effects at 30 mg/kg relative to vehicle control.
Animal Model: ICR (male, 6 weeks old, aspirin-induced gastritis)[1]
Dosage: 3 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg
Administration: p.o.; single dose 30 minutes prior to aspirin
Result: Reduced aspirin-induced gastric mucosal erosive lesions by up to 78% at 30 mg/kg.
Significantly reduced MPO activity (a marker of neutrophil infiltration) in stomach tissue at both doses relative to vehicle control.
Reduced gastric mucosal damage observed via histopathology at 30 mg/kg.
Inhibited aspirin-induced degradation of IRAK1 in stomach tissue at both doses relative to vehicle control.
Animal Model: ICR (male, 6 weeks old, arachidonic acid-induced ear edema and nociception)[1]
Dosage: 3 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg
Administration: p.o.; daily; 7 days
Result: Significantly reduced arachidonic acid-induced ear edema at both doses relative to vehicle control.
Animal Model: ICR (male, 6 weeks old, acetic acid-induced abdominal nociception)[1]
Dosage: 3 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg; 60 mg/kg
Administration: p.o.; single dose 60 minutes prior to acetic acid
Result: Reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes by 57% at 30 mg/kg relative to vehicle control.
Reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes by 72% at 60 mg/kg relative to vehicle control.
Animal Model: BALB/c (female, 7 weeks old, 16-18 g, intranasal inoculation with 3×LD50 of H1N1 PR/8 strain)[2]
Dosage: 100 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg
Administration: i.g.; daily; 5 days
Result: Rescued 60% of mice from lethal influenza A virus challenge, mitigated initial weight loss, and facilitated progressive body weight restoration.
Significantly reduced lung viral RNA copy numbers (p < 0.0001) and infectious viral particle titers (p < 0.05) at 2 days post infection.
Alleviated influenza-induced lung pathology (reduced vascular congestion, edema, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration) and significantly decreased lung expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 (p < 0.05).
Provided partial protection, with improved survival and reduced weight loss compared to vehicle controls, but with less pronounced effects than the 100 mg/kg dose.
Molecular Weight

252.22

Formula

C15H8O4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Off-white to light yellow

SMILES

O=C(C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(C=C3C(O)=O)=C(C=C3)C2=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (99.12 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.9648 mL 19.8240 mL 39.6479 mL
5 mM 0.7930 mL 3.9648 mL 7.9296 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥98.0%

SDS (393 KB)

COA (249 KB) HNMR (131 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.9648 mL 19.8240 mL 39.6479 mL 99.1198 mL
5 mM 0.7930 mL 3.9648 mL 7.9296 mL 19.8240 mL
10 mM 0.3965 mL 1.9824 mL 3.9648 mL 9.9120 mL
15 mM 0.2643 mL 1.3216 mL 2.6432 mL 6.6080 mL
20 mM 0.1982 mL 0.9912 mL 1.9824 mL 4.9560 mL
25 mM 0.1586 mL 0.7930 mL 1.5859 mL 3.9648 mL
30 mM 0.1322 mL 0.6608 mL 1.3216 mL 3.3040 mL
40 mM 0.0991 mL 0.4956 mL 0.9912 mL 2.4780 mL
50 mM 0.0793 mL 0.3965 mL 0.7930 mL 1.9824 mL
60 mM 0.0661 mL 0.3304 mL 0.6608 mL 1.6520 mL
80 mM 0.0496 mL 0.2478 mL 0.4956 mL 1.2390 mL
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Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid117-78-2Influenza VirusBacterialDipeptidyl PeptidaseCOXNF-κBAP-1RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)STATDPPCyclooxygenaseNuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBActivator Protein 1Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptorSykSrcp38IRAK1Staphylococcus aureusMDCK cellsRAW264.7 macrophage cellsIAV RdRpInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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