COX
Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin H2, initiating prostanoid biosynthesis that regulates inflammation, vascular homeostasis, pain signaling, and tissue responses to injury[1][2]. Mechanistically, COX enzymes contain two major isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which catalyze the same biochemical reaction but differ in gene regulation, tissue distribution, intracellular localization, and substrate selectivity[1][2]. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and contributes to gastric mucosal protection, platelet function, and renal hemodynamic maintenance, whereas COX-2 is rapidly induced by inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and pathological stimuli[1][3]. In disease models, increased COX-2 expression is associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and multiple cancer types, supporting its central role in inflammation-driven pathophysiology and tumor progression[1][2]. Compared with related isoforms, COX-2 contains a larger and more flexible substrate-binding channel that enables distinct inhibitor selectivity and broader fatty-acid utilization[1][4]. Therefore, selective and non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain important experimental tools for dissecting prostaglandin-dependent signaling pathways, while COX-2-selective inhibitors have been widely used to investigate inflammatory mechanisms and disease-associated prostanoid production[1][2][4].
References:
- [1]. Faki Y, et al. Different Chemical Structures and Physiological/Pathological Roles of Cyclooxygenases. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2021 Jan 19;12(1):e0003. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Joanne P, et al. Lipid reorganization induced by membrane-active peptides probed using differential scanning calorimetry. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Sep;1788(9):1772-81. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Cyclooxygenase in sciencedirect topic.
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COX Related Products (746)
Related Products (746)
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Deferiprone
0 ImagesDeferiprone is a potent, orally active, brain-penetrant, cell-penetrant, skin-permeable, free iron chelating agent. Deferiprone inhibits the proliferation and migration, and stimulates apoptosis in tumor cell. Deferiprone can inhibit KDM. Deferiprone has antianemic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidotal activity. Deferiprone can be used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection, inflammation, and neurological disease study.
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Phytohemagglutinin
0 ImagesPhytohemagglutinin (PHA-M), the major seed lectin of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is a T-cell activator. Phytohemagglutinin stimulates human mononuclear leukocytes, inducing the expression of ChAT mRNA and potentiating ACh synthesis. Phytohemagglutinin induces dose- and time-dependent toxicity in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages, alters cellular morphology, causes organelle dysfunction, and increases the expression of NF-κB, COX2, IL-1β.
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Isoacteoside
0 ImagesSynonyms: IsoverbascosideIsoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products. Isoacteoside regulates the AKT/PI3K/m-TOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, induces apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cell. Isoacteoside exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and neuroprotective activities.
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Cucurbitacin B
0 ImagesCucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity.
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NB-598
0 ImagesNB-598 is a potent and competitive inhibitor of squalene epoxidase (SE), and suppresses triglyceride biosynthesis through the farnesol pathway. NB-598 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
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Flurbiprofen
0 ImagesFlurbiprofen (dl-Flurbiprofen) is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA/NSAID), with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Flurbiprofen is commonly used for the research of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
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K284-6111
0 ImagesK284-6111 is a high-affinity and orally active CHI3L1 inhibitor, and inhibits CHI3L1 expression. K284-6111 inhibits ERK and NF-κB pathway. K284-6111 suppresses nuclear translocation of p50 and p65, and phosphorylation of IκB. K284-6111 improves memory dysfunction by alleviating amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation, with the reduction of inflammatory proteins (eg: iNOS, COX-2, GFAP, and Iba-1). K284-6111 reduces atopic-like skin inflammation and inhibits LPS (HY-D1056) -induced liver injury. K284-6111 can be used for the study of Alzheimer's diseases and sepsis like hepatic injury.
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Sappanone A
0 ImagesSappanone A is an orally active homoisoflavone found in sappan L. Sappanone A is a PDE4 and NF-κB inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. Sappanone A induces HO-1 expression through activation of Nrf2 pathway. Sappanone A also inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Sappanone A has great potential in the research of inflammation-related and cardiovascular .
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Taurohyodeoxycholic acid
0 ImagesTaurohyodeoxycholic acid is an orally active 6 alpha-hydroxylated bile acid. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid decreases colonic MPO activity, TNF-α, lL-6 serum levels and the expression of COX-2. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid alleviates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced ulcerative colitis via regulating Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells balance. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid prevents Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (HY-N2027)-induced hepatotoxicity in bile fistula rats. Taurohyodeoxycholic acid can be used for the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), colitis and biliary fistula.
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Indomethacin sodium hydrate
0 ImagesSynonyms: Indometacin sodium hydrateIndomethacin (Indometacin) sodium hydrateis a orally active and BBB-permeable COX1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin sodium hydrateis has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin sodium hydrateis can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.
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Magnesium sulfate
0 ImagesMagnesium sulfate is a calcium antagonist and a potent L-type calcium channel inhibitor, as well as a tocolytic. Magnesium sulfate has anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, vasodilatory, and neuroprotective effects. Magnesium sulfate can be used in the research of diseases such as preeclampsia/eclampsia.
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Ibuprofen-d3
0 ImagesSynonyms: (±)-Ibuprofen-d3Ibuprofen-d3 is a deuterium labeled Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM.
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Hydronidone
0 ImagesHydronidone is an orally active pyridine derivative. Hydronidone is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) as well as TGF-β. Hydronidone induces mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers apoptosis. Hydronidone can be used for liver fibrosis, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer study.
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Pulegone
0 ImagesPulegone is a monoterpene ketone compound widely present in the essential oils of many plants. Pulegone can also be used as a bird repellent. Pulegone has multiple activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-hyperalgesic effects. Pulegone is particularly effective against bacteria of the Salmonella species.
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Chebulagic acid
0 ImagesChebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM.
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Methyl Salicylate
0 ImagesMethyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor.
