2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. 상품명 효과 Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-176271
    MAO-B-IN-45
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-45 is a dual inhibitor of ferroptosis and MAO-B. MAO-B-IN-45 shows selectivity towards MAO-B with an IC50 of 87.47 nM and selectivity exceeding 229-fold for MAO-B over MAO-A. MAO-B-IN-45 has excellent antiferroptosis activity through modulation of the iron metabolic pathway and GSH-GPX4 axis in vitro. MAO-B-IN-45 improves cognitive and behavioral impairments in 3×Tg (APP/Tau/Ps1) AD mouse and significantly reduced the levels of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), APP, and Tau phosphorylation (p-Tau) proteins in the brain.
    MAO-B-IN-45
  • HY-W665208
    Zapotin
    		Inhibitor
    Zapotin is a member of the polymethoxyflavones, which are natural polyphenols from the group of flavonoid. Zapotin exhibits antidepressant, anticancer, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. Zapotin is a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. Zapotin can result in a reduction of large aberrant crypt foci in CF-1 mouse model. Zapotin inhibits autophagosome formation. Zapotin has inhibitory activity in mouse mammary organ culture with an IC50 of 50 µg/mL.
    Zapotin
  • HY-179613
    D-Leucine amide-CDDO-Me-HMP
    		Inhibitor
    D-Leucine amide-CDDO-Me-HMP is a prodrug composed of CDDO-Me (HY-13324) and ligustrazine (HY-N0264). D-Leucine amide-CDDO-Me-HMP can protect against CCl4-induced liver injury. D-Leucine amide-CDDO-Me-HMP can inhibit ROS production, alleviates mitochondrial damage and inhibits cell apoptosis. D-Leucine amide-CDDO-Me-HMP can be used for the research of liver injury.
    D-Leucine amide-CDDO-Me-HMP
  • HY-113308S
    Taurolithocholic acid-d5
    		Inhibitor
    Taurolithocholic acid-d5 is deuterium labeled Taurolithocholic acid. Taurolithocholic acid is an orally active bile acid and antiviral agent. Taurolithocholic acid upregulates FADS2 by activating the TGR5-PI3K/AKT-SREBP2 signaling axis, inhibits SFTSV-induced ferroptosis, viral replication and viral entry of HBV/HDV, while reducing the release of IL-1β, lipid ROS and LDH. While exerting antiviral protective effects, Taurolithocholic acid also stimulates the recycling of hepatocellular membrane transporters, impairs canalicular bile acid secretion function, and induces hepatocyte cholestasis, apoptosis and acute hepatocellular injury. Taurolithocholic acid serves as an experimental model compound for hepatocellular cholestasis. At concentrations ≤200 μM, Taurolithocholic acid shows no cytotoxicity and does not activate the interferon pathway. Taurolithocholic acid not only protects mice from lethal SFTSV infection but also is suitable for studies related to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and cholestasis.
    Taurolithocholic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-155661
    ROS inducer 2
    		Inducer
    ROS inducer 2 (Compound I16) is a ROS inducer. ROS inducer 2 has good activity in vitro, with an EC50 of 3.43 μg/mL. ROS inducer 2 has outstanding bioactivities in vivo against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. ROS inducer 2, as a bactericidal agent, can be used for the research of intractable plant bacterial diseases.
    ROS inducer 2
  • HY-175673
    LCB-2151
    		Inducer
    LCB-2151 (Compound 2), a nucleoside analogue, is an anticancer agent. LCB-2151 disrupts the two primary sources of ATP production (glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation), reducing the bioenergetic capacity of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells and inducing ROS formation. LCB-2151 effectively inhibits key enzymes (such as CACT and CPT2) in glycolysis, the TCA cycle and fatty acid β-oxidation. LCB-2151 has significant cytotoxicity and induces cells apoptosis. LCB-2151 can be used for radiation therapy of cancers research.
    LCB-2151
  • HY-B1978S
    Iprodione-d5
    Iprodione-d5 is the deuterium labeled Iprodione. Iprodione, a dicarboximide fungicide, has a highly specific action, with a capacity to cause oxidative damage through production of free oxygen radicals (ROS). Iprodione does not appear to be species selective.
    Iprodione-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N17651
    Tricetinidin chloride
    		Inhibitor
    Tricetinidin chloride is an antioxidant. Tricetinidin chloride protects rat renal cells against oxidative stress and DNA damage by reducing ROS production, increasing GSH levels, restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulating HO-1 expression. Tricetinidin chloride also inhibits the expression of IgE receptors on human mast cells. Tricetinidin chloride can be used in the research of inflammatory and allergic diseases.
    Tricetinidin chloride
  • HY-181937
    Multi-target kinase-IN-10
    		Inhibitor
    Multi-target kinase-IN-10 (Compound 6l) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable, selective, reversible, and competitive MAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.0053 μM. Multi-target kinase-IN-10 competes with substrates for binding to the active site of MAO-B, chelates Cu2+ ions, inhibits Cu2+-induced ROS production, and reduces the release of NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Multi-target kinase-IN-10 ameliorates Parkinson's disease.
    Multi-target kinase-IN-10
  • HY-W016409R
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Standard) (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (HY-W016409). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascular permeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema.
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Standard)
  • HY-155852
    Lepadin H
    		Activator
    Lepadin H is a ferroptosis inducer and apoptosis inducer with in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor efficacy against cancer cells. Lepadin H reduces GPX4 and SLC7A11 levels, increases p53 and ACSL4 expression, drives lipid hydroperoxide production, elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reduces cellular glutathione (GSH) levels, induces lipid peroxidation and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and suppresses clonogenic growth and migration of cancer cells.Lepadin H can be used for the research of melanoma.
    Lepadin H
  • HY-17406S
    Tolcapone-d7
    		Inducer
    Tolcapone-d7 (Ro 40-7592-d7) is the deuterium labeled Tolcapone (HY-17406). Tolcapone (Ro 40-7592) is a selective, potent and orally active COMT inhibitor with an IC50of 773 nM. Tolcapone can inhibits α-syn and Aβ42 oligomerization and fibrillogenesis. Tolcapone can cause oxidative stress and induce cancer cells apoptosis and ROS production. Tolcapone can be used for the researches of cancer and neurological disease, such as Parkinson disease and neuroblastoma.
    Tolcapone-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-W720961
    Dimethachlor-d6
    Dimethachlor-d6 is the deuterium labeled Dimethachlor (HY-121423). Dimethachlor, a synthetic herbicide, inhibits the undesirable growth of weeds via the suppression of very long-chain fatty acid synthesis. Dimethachlor disrupts normal developmental processes via the induction of apoptosis and ROS production.
    Dimethachlor-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-182284
    Anticancer agent 310
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 310 is an antitumor agent. Anticancer agent 310 releases nitric oxide to induce mitochondrial ROS burst, triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and activates the Bax/Bcl-2-Cyt c-Caspase-9/Caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. Anticancer agent 310 also reduces the levels of SHMT2 and MTHFD2, decreases the ratios of NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG, thereby disrupting redox homeostasis and exacerbating intracellular ROS accumulation. Anticancer agent 310 can be used in research related to gastric cancer.
    Anticancer agent 310
  • HY-158328A
    CA IX/VEGFR-2-IN-2
    		Activator
    CA IX/VEGFR-2-IN-2 (compound 5e) is a dual-targeted inhibitor. CA IX/VEGFR-2-IN-2 shows strong inhibitory effects on both CA IX (Ki=3.1 μM) and VEGFR-2 (IC50=32.1 nM). CA IX/VEGFR-2-IN-2 can be used for the study of pancreatic (PANC1), breast cancer (MCF7) and prostate cancer (PC3) .
    CA IX/VEGFR-2-IN-2
  • HY-111125
    AMRI-59
    		Activator
    AMRI-59 is a potent inhibitor of PrxI used for parasitic infections. AMRI-59 can increase cellular ROS, leading to activation of signaling pathways mediated by mitochondria and apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1, thereby leading to apoptosis in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma. AMRI-59 exhibits significant antitumor activity without apparent acute toxicity.
    AMRI-59
  • HY-183792
    Antibacterial agent 347
    		Inhibitor
    Antibacterial agent 347 is an Antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 347 exhibits selective antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Antibacterial agent 347 shows moderate ABTS•+ free radical scavenging activity.
    Antibacterial agent 347
  • HY-172086
    TrxR-IN-7
    		Inducer
    TrxR-IN-7 is a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 μM. TrxR-IN-7 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis in tumor cells. TrxR-IN-7 can be used for the research of liver cancer and breast cancer.
    TrxR-IN-7
  • HY-17577R
    Berberine chloride hydrate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Berberine (chloride hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Berberine (chloride hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Berberine chloride hydrate (Natural Yellow 18 chloride hydrate) is an alkaloid that acts as an antibiotic. Berberine chloride hydrate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Antineoplastic properties[1].
    Berberine chloride hydrate (Standard)
  • HY-176212
    Ferroptosis-IN-20
    		Inhibitor
    Ferroptosis-IN-20 (Compound 34a) is a Ferroptosis inhibitor (EC50: 24.2 nM) targeting voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). Ferroptosis-IN-20 inhibits VDAC oligomerization and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis-IN-20 reduces content of ROS, attenuates TFR1-mediated iron uptake, inhibits Fe2+ level and restores glutathione (GSH) level. Ferroptosis-IN-20 alleviates Folic acid (HY-16637)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI).
    Ferroptosis-IN-20
Cat. No. 상품명 / Synonyms Application Reactivity