2. Vías de señalización
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Nombre del producto Efecto Pureza Chemical Structure
  • HY-101200R
    Linsidomine hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Linsidomine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Linsidomine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Linsidomine hydrochloride (SIN-1 chloride) is a spontaneous ROS/RNS generator and peroxynitrite donor. Linsidomine hydrochloride is a vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor. Linsidomine hydrochloride induces oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Linsidomine hydrochloride inhibits the migration, proliferation and neointima formation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the expression of annexin A2. In addition, low doses of Linsidomine hydrochloride shows protective effects on Zn2+ treated nerve cells.
    Linsidomine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-182283
    sEH-IN-23
    		Inhibitor
    sEH-IN-23 is a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor with a IC50 of 0.8 nM against human sEH and 0.7 nM against murine sEH. sEH-IN-23 inhibits inflammatory factor production mediated by NF-κB activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. sEH-IN-23 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in acute lung injury models. sEH-IN-23 can be used for the research of acute lung injury.
    sEH-IN-23
  • HY-N0662R
    Amentoflavone (Standard)
    Amentoflavone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Amentoflavone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Amentoflavone (Didemethyl-ginkgetin) is a potent and orally active GABA(A) negative modulator. Amentoflavone also shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-radiation, anti-fungal, antibacterial activity. Amentoflavone induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase.
    Amentoflavone (Standard)
  • HY-183291
    Antibacterial agent 343
    		Activator
    Antibacterial agent 343 (Compound 47) is an Antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 343 binds to the allosteric site of PBP2a to open its active site. Antibacterial agent 343 disrupts bacterial cell membranes, leading to protein leakage. Antibacterial agent 343 interacts with DNA and inhibits replication and transcription. Antibacterial agent 343 induces ROS accumulation. Antibacterial agent 343 exhibits antibacterial activity against MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Antibacterial agent 343 can be used for the research of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
    Antibacterial agent 343
  • HY-B0849A
    (Z)-Azoxystrobin
    		Activator 98.10%
    (Z)-Azoxystrobin is an enantiomer of Azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin is an orally active, broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.
    (Z)-Azoxystrobin
  • HY-N0413R
    Hupehenine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Hupehenine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hupehenine (HY-N0413). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hupehenine is an orally active isosteroidal alkaloid that can be extracted from F. hupehensis. Hupehenine exhibits activities such as antitussive, expectorant, anticancer, and antiparasitic. In vitro, Hupehenine can also inhibit α-synuclein seeded fibril formation, making it applicable for the research of Parkinson's disease and other related disorders.
    Hupehenine (Standard)
  • HY-173431
    Dopamine D4 receptor ligand 3
    		Inducer
    Dopamine D4 receptor ligand 3 (Compound 16) is a dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) antagonist (pKi: 8.86). Dopamine D4 receptor ligand 3 has pIC50 values of 5.78, 5.55, and 6.17 for Go, Gi, and βArr2 sensors in HEK-293T cells, respectively. Dopamine D4 receptor ligand 3 inhibits the viability of three human glioma cell lines, U87 MG, T98G, and U251 MG. Dopamine D4 receptor ligand 3 induces ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction in glioma cells.
    Dopamine D4 receptor ligand 3
  • HY-161685
    Antibiofilm agent-8
    		Inducer
    Antibiofilm agent-8 (compound Ru2) enhances antimicrobial activity on visible-light exposure (400-700 nm, 10 J cm-2). Antibiofilm agent-8 generates of oxidative stress via NADH oxidation and ROS generation and compromises bacterial wall.
    Antibiofilm agent-8
  • HY-B0606A
    Diquafosol
    		Inhibitor
    Diquafosol (INS365 free base) is a potent P2Y2 agonist. Diquafosol nhibits apoptosis and decreases ROS generation. Diquafosol has the potential for the research of dry eye.
    Diquafosol
  • HY-W012575R
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (HY-W012575). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a degradation product of acid cherry anthocyanins during in vitro cell culture and an analogue of coenzyme Q precursor molecules. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid can improve the related symptoms of kidney diseases caused by ADCK4/Coq6 deficiency.
    2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Standard)
  • HY-B0166S4
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-3
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-3 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-3
  • HY-131616
    Ethyl α-eleostearate
    		Inhibitor
    Ethyl α-eleostearate is isolated from the ethanolic extract of Pseudo-nitzschia australis (PAEE). The PAEE of Pseudomonas australis has anti-neuroinflammatory effects, inhibiting intracellular ROS as well as pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines.
    Ethyl α-eleostearate
  • HY-W701218
    Sulforaphane-d8
    Sulforaphane-d8 is the deuterium labeled Sulforaphane (HY-13755). Sulforaphane is an orally active inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Sulforaphane promotes the transcription of tumor-suppressing proteins and effectively inhibits the activity of HDACs. Through the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and further induction of HO-1 expression, Sulforaphane protects the heart. Sulforaphane suppresses high glucose-induced pancreatic cancer through AMPK-dependent signal transmission. Sulforaphane exhibits both anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Sulforaphane-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-N12941
    Macarangin
    		Inhibitor
    Macarangin can be isolated from propolis. Macarangin has DPPH radical-scavenging activity and shows anti-inflammatory activities via inhibiting the activation process of NLRP3 inflammasome.
    Macarangin
  • HY-181941
    IDO1/TDO-IN-11
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1/TDO-IN-11 (Compound Y-13) is a dual IDO1 and TDO inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.87 μM against hIDO1 and an IC50 of 0.08 μM against hTDO. IDO1/TDO-IN-11 inhibits NO production and ROS production. IDO1/TDO-IN-11 alleviates cellular neuroinflammatory damage and ameliorates Parkinson's disease. IDO1/TDO-IN-11 is applicable to research related to Parkinson's disease.
    IDO1/TDO-IN-11
  • HY-181459
    PARP1-IN-55
    		Inducer
    PARP1-IN-55 is a potent and selective PARP1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.019 μM. PARP1-IN-55 exhibits anti-proliferative selective activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 3.6 μM). PARP1-IN-55 inhibits the PARP1-mediated DNA damage repair pathway, induces ROS accumulation, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, induced apoptosis and suppresses cancer cell migration, invasion, and colony formation. PARP1-IN-55 can be used for the study of breast cancer.
    PARP1-IN-55
  • HY-174377
    PeS-9
    		Inducer

    PeS-9 is an Androgen Receptor (AR) degrader that induces androgen receptor degradation PeS-9 induces mitochondrial and ER stress by promoting cytotoxic ROS production, leading to the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C and AIF. PeS-9 subsequently activates caspases-9 and -3, causing DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell death. PeS-9 has anticancer activity against prostate cancer and exerts in vivo antitumor and antimetastatic activity with minor side effects. PeS-9 can be used for the study of targeting monotherapy against GLUT-1-overexpressing tumors.
    PeS-9
  • HY-175824
    PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 is a inhibitor targeting the PSD-95/nNOS interaction with potential blood-brain barrier penetration. PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 binds to the PSD-95 PDZ2 domain with high affinity (Ki = 19.45 μM). PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 inhibits glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by reducing intracellular ROS levels and inhibiting apoptosis. PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 significantly reduces cerebral infarct volume in rat tMCAO models. PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 can be used for the study of acute ischemic stroke.
    PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1
  • HY-180850
    ERB-2
    		Activator
    ERB-2 is a selective ERβ PROTAC degrader. ERB-2 removes the inhibitory effect of ERβ on ROS, leading to the accumulation of ROS, mitochondrial damage, and ultimately triggering cell apoptosis (apoptosis). ERB-2 significantly inhibits tumor growth in the nude mouse model of NCI-H1975OR tumors. ERB-2 can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer.
    ERB-2
  • HY-169155
    OsMo
    		Inhibitor
    OsMo is a lysosome-targeting hNEU1 inhibitor that can be used in the study of myocardial injury.
    OsMo
Cat. No. Nombre del producto / Synonyms Application Reactivity