γ-Aminobutyric acid
Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar
γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.71%
- CAS No.: 56-12-2
- Formula: C4H9NO2
- Molecular Weight:103.12
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Storage:
RT, protect from light.
In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) γ-Aminobutyric acid
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Customer Validation & Images
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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WB
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Biological Activity
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Microbial Metabolite |
Human Endogenous Metabolite |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | EC50 |
0.43 μM
Compound: GABA
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Antagonist activity at human rho1 GABAc receptor in HEK293 cells by FMP assay
Antagonist activity at human rho1 GABAc receptor in HEK293 cells by FMP assay
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[PMID: 17722904] |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
0.53 μM
Compound: GABA
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Agonist activity at human GABA-B B1/B2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation after 3 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at human GABA-B B1/B2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation after 3 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 23428109] |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
0.55 μM
Compound: GABA
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Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by FMP assay
Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by FMP assay
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[PMID: 17655213] |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
12.8 μM
Compound: GABA
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Agonist activity at rat GABA alpha-1-T129S-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
Agonist activity at rat GABA alpha-1-T129S-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
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[PMID: 17655213] |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
354 μM
Compound: 119
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Substrate uptake by the Taurine Transporter (TauT, SLC6A6) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A6 cells
Substrate uptake by the Taurine Transporter (TauT, SLC6A6) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A6 cells
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10.5281/zenodo.7360560 |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
354 μM
Compound: 119
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Substrate uptake by the Taurine Transporter (TauT, SLC6A6) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A6 cells (PubChem AID: 1794824)
Substrate uptake by the Taurine Transporter (TauT, SLC6A6) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A6 cells (PubChem AID: 1794824)
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10.5281/zenodo.7360560 |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
36 μM
Compound: 119
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Substrate uptake by the Sodium- and Chloride-Dependent BetaineTransporter (BGT-1, SLC6A12) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A12 cells
Substrate uptake by the Sodium- and Chloride-Dependent BetaineTransporter (BGT-1, SLC6A12) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A12 cells
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10.5281/zenodo.7360527 |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
36 μM
Compound: 119
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Substrate uptake by the Sodium- and Chloride-Dependent BetaineTransporter (BGT-1, SLC6A12) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A12 cells (PubChem AID: 1794822)
Substrate uptake by the Sodium- and Chloride-Dependent BetaineTransporter (BGT-1, SLC6A12) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A12 cells (PubChem AID: 1794822)
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10.5281/zenodo.7360527 |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
43 μM
Compound: GABA
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Agonist activity at GABA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
Agonist activity at GABA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
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[PMID: 17655213] |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
6 μM
Compound: GABA
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Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique
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[PMID: 17655213] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
5 μM
Compound: 1, GABA
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Inhibition of [3H]GABA uptake at mouse GAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells after 25 mins by scintillation counting analysis
Inhibition of [3H]GABA uptake at mouse GAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells after 25 mins by scintillation counting analysis
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[PMID: 23336362] |
| IMR-32 | EC50 |
2.94 μM
Compound: GABA
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Agonist activity at GABA type-A receptor in human IMR32 cells after 2 hrs by Epic DMR assay
Agonist activity at GABA type-A receptor in human IMR32 cells after 2 hrs by Epic DMR assay
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10.1039/C5MD00442J |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
0.8 μM
Compound: 1, GABA
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Agonist activity at human GABAc Rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
Agonist activity at human GABAc Rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
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[PMID: 18528996] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
0.99 μM
Compound: GABA
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Agonist activity at human alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of channel current response by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology assay
Agonist activity at human alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of channel current response by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology assay
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[PMID: 22029276] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
1.19 μM
Compound: GABA
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Agonist activity at human recombinant GABAc rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60mV by two-electrode voltage clamp method
Agonist activity at human recombinant GABAc rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60mV by two-electrode voltage clamp method
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[PMID: 17981464] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
1.7 μM
Compound: 1, GABA
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Agonist activity at human GABAb 1A/2 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
Agonist activity at human GABAb 1A/2 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
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[PMID: 18528996] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
10 μM
Compound: GABA
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Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1-beta-2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1-beta-2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
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[PMID: 18651727] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
136 μM
Compound: GABA
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Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1T129C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1T129C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
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[PMID: 18651727] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
21.1 μM
Compound: 1, GABA
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Agonist activity at human alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
Agonist activity at human alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of current production by two electrode voltage clamp method
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[PMID: 18528996] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
28 μM
Compound: GABA
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Agonist activity on human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes
Agonist activity on human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes
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[PMID: 11412984] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
3 μM
Compound: GABA
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Effective agonist dose for human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes
Effective agonist dose for human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes
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[PMID: 11412984] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
40 μM
Compound: GABA
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Agonist activity on human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes
Agonist activity on human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes
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[PMID: 11412984] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
430 μM
Compound: GABA
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Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1F64C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1F64C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
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[PMID: 18651727] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
5540 μM
Compound: GABA
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Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1R66C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1R66C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
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[PMID: 18651727] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
6.5 μM
Compound: GABA
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Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1S68C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1S68C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method
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[PMID: 18651727] |
| Oocyte | EC50 |
80 μM
Compound: GABA
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Effective agonist dose for human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes
Effective agonist dose for human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes
|
[PMID: 11412984] |
γ-Aminobutyric acid (30 μM) depolarizes cortical progenitor cells (E16 cells), results an inward current in ventricular zone (VZ) cells, and induces DNA synthesis inhibition, with half-maximal response concentration of 5 μM[3].
Cortical plate (cp) neurons expresses glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), γ-Aminobutyric acid (1-5 μM; 18 h) stimulates the motility and arrests the migration of cp cells, while the chemotropic signal is involved G-protein activation[4].
γ-Aminobutyric acid activates GABA A receptors, causing cell cycle arrest in S phase and limiting growth[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Cortical plate (cp) neurons
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Concentration:1-5 μM
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Incubation Time:18 hours
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Result:Promoted motility via G-protein activation and arrested attractantinduced migration via GABAA receptor-mediated depolarization.
γ-Aminobutyric acid (1, 2, 4 mg/kg/d; p.o.; 30 d) alleviates anxiety and restored food utilization rate in rats, with impairment induced by Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure[7].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Pathogens free (SPF) Bagg’s albino (Balb/c) mice (18–20 g, 8 weeks old)[6]
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Dosage:33.95, 102.25, 306.75 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage; single dose; 20 mL/kg administration; measured in an hour
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Result:Prolonged the sleep duration, increased sleep rate, and shorten the sleep latency more effectively.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 56-12-2
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 103.12
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Formula C4H9NO2
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(O)CCCN
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Synonyms
4-Aminobutyric acid
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
RT, protect from light
In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (5)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
2025 Oct;12(37):e09440. PMID: 40650551
γ-Aminobutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Oct;12(37):e09440. [Abstract]
γ-Aminobutyric acid (120 s).Intracellular calcium release induced by rac-BHFF in HEK293 cells co-transfected with the indicated constructs in the presence of EC20 of GABA was observed.
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Life Sci
GABA regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by promoting the expression of CCND2 and BCL2L1. [Abstract]2023 Dec 1:334:122191. PMID: 37866807 -
Life Sci
γ-Aminobutyric acid promotes the inhibition of hair growth induced by chronic restraint stress. [Abstract]2023 Mar 15:317:121439. PMID: 36731645
γ-Aminobutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2023 Mar 15:317:121439. [Abstract]
Macroscopic images of mice on day 21 of the experiment, the time by which mice treated with CRS showed hair growth inhibition compared to control. Mice treated with CRS and γ-Aminobutyric acid (100 mM) showed aggravation of hair growth inhibition, whereas mice treated with CRS and picrotoxin exhibited more hair patches on the dorsal skin than those in the CRS group.
γ-Aminobutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2023 Mar 15:317:121439. [Abstract]
γ-Aminobutyric acid was dissolved in H₂O to a final concentration of 100 mM. H&E staining showed representative histological changes in the hair follicles, and the image of Ki67 staining in the back skin tissues was obtained.
γ-Aminobutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2023 Mar 15:317:121439. [Abstract]
Western blot showing CCND1 levels in DP cells treated with 100 μM γ-aminobutyric acid for 0, 24, or 48 h.
γ-Aminobutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2023 Mar 15:317:121439. [Abstract]
Cell distribution in the cell cycle G1, S, and G2 phases after treatment with γ-aminobutyric acid for 48 h at a concentration gradient was analyzed.
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Fitoterapia
The stem-derived bioactive fraction of Syringa oblata Lindl. Ameliorates insomnia via cAMP signaling-mediated regulation of neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and inflammation: A multi-omics study. [Abstract]2026 Apr:190:107182. PMID: 41861857
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 50 mg/mL (484.87 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (969.74 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (274 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Chen S, et al. Effects of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid supplementation on the intestinal functions in weaning piglets. Food Funct. 2019 Jan 2. [Content Brief]
[2]. Okada R, et al. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neural connections in the Drosophila antennal lobe. J Comp Neurol. 2009 May 1;514(1):74-91. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 9.6974 mL | 48.4872 mL | 96.9744 mL | 242.4360 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.9395 mL | 9.6974 mL | 19.3949 mL | 48.4872 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9697 mL | 4.8487 mL | 9.6974 mL | 24.2436 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.6465 mL | 3.2325 mL | 6.4650 mL | 16.1624 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4849 mL | 2.4244 mL | 4.8487 mL | 12.1218 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3879 mL | 1.9395 mL | 3.8790 mL | 9.6974 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.3232 mL | 1.6162 mL | 3.2325 mL | 8.0812 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2424 mL | 1.2122 mL | 2.4244 mL | 6.0609 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1939 mL | 0.9697 mL | 1.9395 mL | 4.8487 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1616 mL | 0.8081 mL | 1.6162 mL | 4.0406 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1212 mL | 0.6061 mL | 1.2122 mL | 3.0304 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0970 mL | 0.4849 mL | 0.9697 mL | 2.4244 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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