γ-Aminobutyric acid (Synonyms: 4-Aminobutyric acid)

Name: γ-Aminobutyric acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N0067
Rating: 5.0 (5 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-N0067 Purity: 99.71%: Data Sheet
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γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABA_A receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABA_B receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 56-12-2

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in Water ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in Water	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
200 mg	Get quote
500 mg	Get quote

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Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of γ-Aminobutyric acid:

5 Publications Citing Use of MCE γ-Aminobutyric acid

Bio/Physico-chemical Assay

In Vivo Efficacy Study

Histological Imaging/Staining

Flow Cytometry

: γ-Aminobutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul 12:e09440. [Abstract]; γ-Aminobutyric acid (120 s).Intracellular calcium release induced by rac-BHFF in HEK293 cells co-transfected with the indicated constructs in the presence of EC20 of GABA was observed.

: γ-Aminobutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2023 Mar 15:317:121439. [Abstract]; Macroscopic images of mice on day 21 of the experiment, the time by which mice treated with CRS showed hair growth inhibition compared to control. Mice treated with CRS and γ-Aminobutyric acid (100 mM) showed aggravation of hair growth inhibition, whereas mice treated with CRS and picrotoxin exhibited more hair patches on the dorsal skin than those in the CRS group.

: γ-Aminobutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2023 Mar 15:317:121439. [Abstract]; γ-Aminobutyric acid was dissolved in H₂O to a final concentration of 100 mM. H&E staining showed representative histological changes in the hair follicles, and the image of Ki67 staining in the back skin tissues was obtained.

: γ-Aminobutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2023 Mar 15:317:121439. [Abstract]; Western blot showing CCND1 levels in DP cells treated with 100 μM γ-aminobutyric acid for 0, 24, or 48 h.

: γ-Aminobutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Life Sci. 2023 Mar 15:317:121439. [Abstract]; Cell distribution in the cell cycle G1, S, and G2 phases after treatment with γ-aminobutyric acid for 48 h at a concentration gradient was analyzed.

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.43 μM Compound: GABA	Antagonist activity at human rho1 GABAc receptor in HEK293 cells by FMP assay Antagonist activity at human rho1 GABAc receptor in HEK293 cells by FMP assay	[PMID: 17722904]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.53 μM Compound: GABA	Agonist activity at human GABA-B B1/B2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation after 3 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human GABA-B B1/B2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation after 3 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 23428109]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.55 μM Compound: GABA	Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by FMP assay Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by FMP assay	[PMID: 17655213]
HEK293	EC₅₀	12.8 μM Compound: GABA	Agonist activity at rat GABA alpha-1-T129S-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique Agonist activity at rat GABA alpha-1-T129S-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique	[PMID: 17655213]
HEK293	EC₅₀	354 μM Compound: 119	Substrate uptake by the Taurine Transporter (TauT, SLC6A6) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A6 cells (PubChem AID: 1794824) Substrate uptake by the Taurine Transporter (TauT, SLC6A6) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A6 cells (PubChem AID: 1794824)	10.5281/zenodo.7360560
HEK293	EC₅₀	36 μM Compound: 119	Substrate uptake by the Sodium- and Chloride-Dependent BetaineTransporter (BGT-1, SLC6A12) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A12 cells (PubChem AID: 1794822) Substrate uptake by the Sodium- and Chloride-Dependent BetaineTransporter (BGT-1, SLC6A12) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC6A12 cells (PubChem AID: 1794822)	10.5281/zenodo.7360527
HEK293	EC₅₀	43 μM Compound: GABA	Agonist activity at GABA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique Agonist activity at GABA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique	[PMID: 17655213]
HEK293	EC₅₀	6 μM Compound: GABA	Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique Agonist activity at human GABAC rho 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by Whole-cell patch-clamp technique	[PMID: 17655213]
HEK293	IC₅₀	5 μM Compound: 1, GABA	Inhibition of [3H]GABA uptake at mouse GAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells after 25 mins by scintillation counting analysis Inhibition of [3H]GABA uptake at mouse GAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells after 25 mins by scintillation counting analysis	[PMID: 23336362]
IMR-32	EC₅₀	2.94 μM Compound: GABA	Agonist activity at GABA type-A receptor in human IMR32 cells after 2 hrs by Epic DMR assay Agonist activity at GABA type-A receptor in human IMR32 cells after 2 hrs by Epic DMR assay	10.1039/C5MD00442J
Oocyte	EC₅₀	0.8 μM Compound: 1, GABA	Agonist activity at human GABAc Rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method Agonist activity at human GABAc Rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method	[PMID: 18528996]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	0.99 μM Compound: GABA	Agonist activity at human alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of channel current response by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology assay Agonist activity at human alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as potentiation of channel current response by two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology assay	[PMID: 22029276]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	1.19 μM Compound: GABA	Agonist activity at human recombinant GABAc rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60mV by two-electrode voltage clamp method Agonist activity at human recombinant GABAc rho1 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60mV by two-electrode voltage clamp method	[PMID: 17981464]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	1.7 μM Compound: 1, GABA	Agonist activity at human GABAb 1A/2 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method Agonist activity at human GABAb 1A/2 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as whole cell current production by two electrode voltage clamp method	[PMID: 18528996]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	10 μM Compound: GABA	Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1-beta-2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1-beta-2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method	[PMID: 18651727]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	136 μM Compound: GABA	Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1T129C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1T129C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method	[PMID: 18651727]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	21.1 μM Compound: 1, GABA	Agonist activity at human alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of current production by two electrode voltage clamp method Agonist activity at human alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2L GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of current production by two electrode voltage clamp method	[PMID: 18528996]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	28 μM Compound: GABA	Agonist activity on human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity on human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 11412984]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	3 μM Compound: GABA	Effective agonist dose for human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes Effective agonist dose for human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 11412984]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	40 μM Compound: GABA	Agonist activity on human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity on human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 11412984]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	430 μM Compound: GABA	Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1F64C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1F64C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method	[PMID: 18651727]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	5540 μM Compound: GABA	Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1R66C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1R66C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method	[PMID: 18651727]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	6.5 μM Compound: GABA	Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1S68C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1S68C-beta-2 receptor mutant expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at -60 mV by Two-Electrode voltage clamp method	[PMID: 18651727]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	80 μM Compound: GABA	Effective agonist dose for human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes Effective agonist dose for human Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 11412984]

In Vitro

γ-Aminobutyric acid (30 μM) depolarizes cortical progenitor cells (E16 cells), results an inward current in ventricular zone (VZ) cells, and induces DNA synthesis inhibition, with half-maximal response concentration of 5 μM^[3].
Cortical plate (cp) neurons expresses glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), γ-Aminobutyric acid (1-5 μM; 18 h) stimulates the motility and arrests the migration of cp cells, while the chemotropic signal is involved G-protein activation^[4].
γ-Aminobutyric acid activates GABA _A receptors, causing cell cycle arrest in S phase and limiting growth^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Migration Assay ^[4]

Cell Line:	Cortical plate (cp) neurons
Concentration:	1-5 μM
Incubation Time:	18 hours
Result:	Promoted motility via G-protein activation and arrested attractantinduced migration via GABAA receptor-mediated depolarization.

In Vivo

γ-Aminobutyric acid (33.95, 102.25, 306.75 mg/kg; p.o.; single dose) can enhance the sleep of mice^[6].
γ-Aminobutyric acid (1, 2, 4 mg/kg/d; p.o.; 30 d) alleviates anxiety and restored food utilization rate in rats, with impairment induced by Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Pathogens free (SPF) Bagg’s albino (Balb/c) mice (18–20 g, 8 weeks old)^[6]
Dosage:	33.95, 102.25, 306.75 mg/kg
Administration:	Oral gavage; single dose; 20 mL/kg administration; measured in an hour
Result:	Prolonged the sleep duration, increased sleep rate, and shorten the sleep latency more effectively.

Animal Model:	Sprague-Dawley rat indued by DEHP (HY-B1945) (500 mg/kg)^[7]
Dosage:	1, 2, 4 mg/kg
Administration:	Oral gavage; combined administration; for 30 consecutive days
Result:	Reduced the levels of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in rats treated with DEHP.

Molecular Weight

103.12

Formula

C₄H₉NO₂

CAS No.

56-12-2

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)CCCN

Structure Classification

Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids

Initial Source

Animals

Endogenous metabolite

mammalian central nervous system

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

RT, protect from light

In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 50 mg/mL (484.87 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	9.6974 mL	48.4872 mL	96.9744 mL
5 mM	1.9395 mL	9.6974 mL	19.3949 mL
10 mM	0.9697 mL	4.8487 mL	9.6974 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (969.74 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.71%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (274 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (242 KB) HNMR (113 KB) RP-HPLC (141 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Chen S, et al. Effects of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid supplementation on the intestinal functions in weaning piglets. Food Funct. 2019 Jan 2. [Content Brief]

[2]. Okada R, et al. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neural connections in the Drosophila antennal lobe. J Comp Neurol. 2009 May 1;514(1):74-91. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O	1 mM	9.6974 mL	48.4872 mL	96.9744 mL	242.4360 mL
	5 mM	1.9395 mL	9.6974 mL	19.3949 mL	48.4872 mL
	10 mM	0.9697 mL	4.8487 mL	9.6974 mL	24.2436 mL
	15 mM	0.6465 mL	3.2325 mL	6.4650 mL	16.1624 mL
	20 mM	0.4849 mL	2.4244 mL	4.8487 mL	12.1218 mL
	25 mM	0.3879 mL	1.9395 mL	3.8790 mL	9.6974 mL
	30 mM	0.3232 mL	1.6162 mL	3.2325 mL	8.0812 mL
	40 mM	0.2424 mL	1.2122 mL	2.4244 mL	6.0609 mL
	50 mM	0.1939 mL	0.9697 mL	1.9395 mL	4.8487 mL
	60 mM	0.1616 mL	0.8081 mL	1.6162 mL	4.0406 mL
	80 mM	0.1212 mL	0.6061 mL	1.2122 mL	3.0304 mL
	100 mM	0.0970 mL	0.4849 mL	0.9697 mL	2.4244 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

γ-Aminobutyric acid Related Classifications

Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (Synonyms: 4-Aminobutyric acid)

Customer Review

Other Forms of γ-Aminobutyric acid:

5 Publications Citing Use of MCE γ-Aminobutyric acid

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (Synonyms: 4-Aminobutyric acid)

Customer Review

Other Forms of γ-Aminobutyric acid:

γ-Aminobutyric acid Related Antibodies

5 Publications Citing Use of MCE γ-Aminobutyric acid

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References

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γ-Aminobutyric acid Related Antibodies

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

γ-Aminobutyric acid Related Classifications

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