Biliverdin hydrochloride 

Biliverdin hydrochloride, a tetrapyrrolic pigment, is a product of heme catabolism. Heme is broken down into Biliverdin and carbon monoxide and iron by heme oxidase. Biliverdin hydrochloride is then quickly broken down to bilirubin by Biliverdin reductase. Biliverdin hydrochloride is anti-mutagenic, an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressant^[1].

Biliverdin hydrochloride is considered a waste product of heme degradation. When red blood cells lyse, either due to hemolytic diseases or by natural apoptosis, heme get released. The heme is metabolized by heme oxygenase using three molecules of oxygen and seven electrons and producing Biliverdin IX-alpha, carbon monoxide, and ferrous iron. The Biliverdin IX-alpha undergoes metabolism to bilirubin IX-alpha via NADPH-dependent Biliverdin reductase^[1].
The buildup of Biliverdin hydrochloride has been shown to upregulate the activity of Biliverdin hydrochloride reductase, an enzyme that is a regulator of the innate immune system^[1].
Biliverdin hydrochloride downregulates the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and demonstrate an antioxidant effect in the damaged blood vessels. This decreases the formation of the tunica intima of blood vessels and blocks neovascularization and angiogenesis^[1].
Biliverdin hydrochloride decreases inflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TLR-4 and by stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10^[1].
Biliverdin hydrochloride is a scavenger of hydroxyl peroxide groups showing the antioxidant effects of Biliverdin^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Biliverdin hydrochloride significant decreases the intimal hyperplasia following balloon angioplasty and vascular grafting in rats^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

619.11

C₃₃H₃₅ClN₄O₆

856699-18-8

Solid

Green to dark green

OC(CCC1=C(C)C(/C=C(N2)/C(C=C)=C(C)C2=O)=N/C1=C\C3=C(C(C)=C(/C=C(N4)/C(C)=C(C=C)C4=O)N3)CCC(O)=O)=O.Cl

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

• [1]. McDonnell MC, et al. Biochemistry, Biliverdin. 2023 May 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.  [Content Brief]