Rubiaceae Extract

Genipin ((+)-Genipin) is a natural crosslinking reagent derived from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruits. Genipin inhibits UCP2 (uncoupling protein 2) in cells. Genipin has a variety of bioactivities, including modulation on proteins, antitumor, anti-inflammation, immunosuppression, antithrombosis, and protection of hippocampal neurons. Genipin also can be used for type 2 diabetes research.

Geniposide is an iridoid glucoside extracted from Gardenia jasminoidesEllis fruits; exhibits a varity of biological activities such as anti-diabetic, antioxidative, antiproliferative and neuroprotective activities.

Quinine is an orally active alkaloid extracted from cinchona bark, possessing various biological activities including antimalarial, antidengue virus (DENV), and anticancer properties. Quinine is a potassium channel inhibitor that inhibits WT mouse Slo3 (K_Ca5.1) channel currents evoked by voltage pulses to +100 mV with an IC₅₀ of 169 μM.

Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Rhyncholphylline is an alkaloid compound isolated from Uncaria rhynchophyllum. Rhyncholphylline is an EphA4 inhibitor. It has high biological activity and is widely used in anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and other research..

Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate is an orally effective antiarrhythmic agent. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate blocks the fast inward sodium current in a use-dependent manner, blocks IKr in a reverse use-dependent manner, and blocks the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current with an EC₅₀ of 6.2 μM, while also inhibiting CYP2D6 and P-gp. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate induces PARP cleavage, Caspase-3 activation, and increases the proportion of sub-G1 phase apoptotic (Apoptotic) cells. Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate can be used in research on ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac injury, drug-resistant leukemia, convulsions, and uterine sarcoma.

4-Vinylphenol is found in the medicinal herb Hedyotis diffusa Willd, wild rice and is also the metabolite of p-coumaric and ferulic acid by lactic acid bacteria in wine. 4-Vinylphenol induces apoptosis and inhibits blood vessels formation and suppresses invasive breast tumor growth in vivo.
The product specifications provided below indicate the total amount only; they do not represent the actual content of 4-Vinylphenol.

Methylliberine is an orally active adenosine A1 receptor modulator. Methylliberine inhibits spermatogenesis and induces testicular atrophy.

Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia cordifolia L.. Purpurin has antidepressant-like effects.

1F-Fructofuranosylnystose can be used in the synthesis of Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs). Fructooligosaccharides exhibit lots of beneficial effects on our health and have been used as food ingredients.

Alizarin is a natural dye. Alizarin can be extracted from the roots of madder plant. Alizarin activates AMPK and VEGFR2/eNOS pathway. Alizarin regulates PI3K/Akt and inhibits NF-κB pathway. Alizarin enhances CYP1A1 enzyme activity. Alizarin has protective effects on hypertension and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Alizarin has anti-tumor activity against multiple cancers including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, osteosarcoma and liver cancer. Alizarin has been widely used as a pigment in textile fabrics and paintings.

Nystose is a tetrasaccharide with two fructose molecules linked via beta (1→2) bonds to the fructosyl moiety of sucrose. Nystose exhibits prebiotic, immunomodulatory, and metabolism regulating activities. Nystose promotes the bone mineralization by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Quinine hydrochloride dihydrate (Qualaquin) is an orally active and can be used in anti-malarial studies. Quinine hydrochloride dihydrate is a potassium channel inhibitor that inhibits WT mouse Slo3 (K_Ca5.1) channel currents evoked by voltage pulses to +100 mV with an IC₅₀ of 169 μM.

Isorhynchophylline is an alkaloid isolated from Crocus sativus with anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Isorhynchophylline can be applied to cardiovascular and neurological disorders, and cancer studies.

Hirsutine, an indole alkaloid of Uncaria rhynchophylla, exhibits anti-cancer activity. Hirsutine induces apoptosis and is a potent Dengue virus inhibitor exhibiting low cytotoxicity.

Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark with antimalarial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti platelet-aggregation and anti-obesity properties. Cinchonine inhibits cells proliferation and autophagy and induces apoptosis through activation of Caspase-3. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells.

Cafestol is an orally active diterpenoid and an inhibitor of ERK2. Cafestol has elevated blood lipids, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-diabetic activities. In addition, Cafestol induces tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy, which can be used in the study of cancer.

Mollugin is an orally active and potent NF-κB inhibitor. Mollugin induces S-phase arrest of HepG2 cells, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mollugin induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as well as an increase in the expression of p-H2AX. Mollugin shows anti-cancer effect by inhibiting TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Mollugin enhances the osteogenic action of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) via the p38-Smad signaling pathway.

Corynoxine, a tetracyclic oxindole alkaloid, is isolated from the hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla. Corynoxine is a natural autophagy enhancer that promotes the clearance of alpha-synuclein via Akt/mTOR pathway.

Monotropein is an iridoid glycoside that can be isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis. Monotropein inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Monotropein exerts protective effects against IL-1β-induced apoptosis and catabolic responses on osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Monotropein has cartilage protective activity. Monotropein can alleviate Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Monotropein can be studied in research for osteoarthritis, acute kidney injury and acute lung injury.