EphA4

EphA4 is unusual among Eph receptors in that it binds both ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands with high affinity, allowing it to integrate signals across both ligand classes. It is highly expressed in the nervous system, where it guides axon pathfinding, shapes spinal locomotor circuits and modulates synaptic plasticity and regeneration after injury; EphA4 blockade has shown benefit in models of spinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Outside the CNS it participates in vascular development and is upregulated in gastric, colorectal and other cancers, where it supports invasive behavior. Recombinant EphA4 is used for ephrin specificity mapping and neuroregeneration research.