2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-16138
    Ivaltinostat
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Ivaltinostat (CG-200745) is an orally active, potent pan-HDAC inhibitor which has the hydroxamic acid moiety to bind zinc at the bottom of catalytic pocket. Ivaltinostat inhibits deacetylation of histone H3 and tubulin. Ivaltinostat induces the accumulation of p53, promotes p53-dependent transactivation, and enhances the expression of MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) proteins. Ivaltinostat enhances the sensitivity of Gemcitabine-resistant cells to Gemcitabine (HY-16138) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU; HY-90006). Ivaltinostat induces apoptosis and has anti-tumour effects.
    Ivaltinostat
  • HY-181557
    SY-589
    		Inducer
    SY-589 is an orally active DNA polymerase Polθ helicase domain inhibitor (IC50=2.29 nM) and DNA damage inducer. SY-589 inhibits the ATPase activity of the Polθ helicase domain and blocks the Polθ-mediated microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) DNA repair pathway (IC50=0.85 nM). SY-589 also induces the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks by increasing γ-H2AX levels. SY-589 exerts antiproliferative effects on BRCA2-deficient cells and is used in the research of HR-deficient tumors.
    SY-589
  • HY-130854
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH-Boc
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH-Boc is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used for MI-389 (compound 22) synthesis. MI-389 is a potent phthalimide PROTAC degrader based on the multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib (HY-10255A).
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH-Boc
  • HY-Y0842S
    Formamide-13C
    		99.9%
    Formamide-13C is the 13C-labeled Formamide (HY-Y0842). Formamide is an effective DNA denaturant that significantly reduces the stability of DNA in buffer solutions. Formamide can also be used as a decalcifying agent for rat cardiac cells. Additionally, formamide is widely used as a solvent or chemical raw material for ion compounds, resins, and plasticizers.
    Formamide-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-148381
    A947
    		Inducer
    A947 is a potent and selective SMARCA2 proteolysis-targeting chimera molecule (PROTAC). A947 also is a potent and moderately selective SMARCA2 degrader. A947 has binding affinity to the SMARCA2 bromodomain with a Kd value of 93 nM. A947 can be used for the research of cancer.
    A947
  • HY-112617A
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG2-C2-NH2 TFA
    		Inducer 99.72%
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG2-C2-NH2 TFA is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 2-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG2-C2-NH2 TFA
  • HY-107438
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C4-NH2
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C4-NH2 (Cereblon Ligand-Linker Conjugates 6), a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker, can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C4-NH2
  • HY-100876
    GGTI298
    		Inducer
    GGTI298 is a CAAZ peptidomimetic geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I) inhibitor, strongly inhibiting the processing of geranylgeranylated Rap1A with little effect on processing of farnesylated Ha-Ras, with IC50 values of 3 and > 20 μM in vivo, respectively.
    GGTI298
  • HY-12163S
    Entinostat-d4
    Entinostat-d4 is the deuterium labeled Entinostat. Entinostat is an oral and selective class I HDAC inhibitor, with IC50s of 243 nM, 453 nM, and 248 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively.
    Entinostat-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-19551
    Apogossypolone
    		Inducer 98.58%
    Apogossypolone (ApoG2) is an orally active Bcl-2 family proteins inhibitor with Ki values of 35, 25 and 660 nM for Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL, respectively. Apogossypolone shows antitumor activities, induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Apogossypolone also has antifungal activity.
    Apogossypolone
  • HY-15142A
    Doxorubicin
    		Inducer
    Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin), a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic, is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin is a potent human DNA topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II inhibitor with IC50s of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. Doxorubicin reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin induces apoptosis and autophagy.
    Doxorubicin
  • HY-150636
    Autophagy-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.18%
    Autophagy-IN-1 is a potent autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor, acts by selectively increasing the autophagic flux while blocking the autophagosome-lysosome fusion in cancer cells. Autophagy-IN-1 can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Autophagy-IN-1 significantly inhibits tumor growth in an HCT116 xenograft mouse model and with low toxicity. Autophagy-IN-1 can be used for researching colorectal cancer.
    Autophagy-IN-1
  • HY-178500
    WCY-8-67
    		Inducer
    WCY-8-67 is an orally active and selective USP5 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 1.33 μM. WCY-8-67 induces apoptosis and suppresses JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in vitro. WCY-8-67 inhibits proliferation of AE-positive AML cells, induces G1 phase arrest and differentiation of AML cells. WCY-8-67 demonstrates potent anti-leukemic efficacy in mice. WCY-8-67 can be used for the study of acute myeloid leukemia.
    WCY-8-67
  • HY-138789
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-NH2
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-NH2
  • HY-129704A
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 TFA
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 TFA is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 TFA
  • HY-117720
    OSU-2S
    		Inducer
    OSU-2S is a potent PKCδ activator. OSU-2S inhibits cell proliferation and migration. OSU-2S decreases the expression of p-ERK1/2, increases the expression of PKCδ (38 kDa) when combined with Sorafenib (HY-10201). OSU-2S induces Apoptosis. OSU-2S slao is a non-immunosuppressive analogue of FTY720. OSU-2S shows anticancer activity.
    OSU-2S
  • HY-130853
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG2-C2-NH-Boc
    		Inducer 98.37%
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG2-C2-NH-Boc is a synthesized?E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate?that incorporates the?Thalidomide?based cereblon ligand and a PEG linker used for dBRD9 (compound 6) synthesis. dBRD9 is a selective BRD9 probe PROTAC degrader for the study of BAF complex biology.
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG2-C2-NH-Boc
  • HY-B0190
    Nafamostat
    Nafamostat, an anticoagulant, is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor. Nafamostat has anticancer and antivirus effect. Nafamostat induce apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1). Nafamostat can be used in the development of the pathological thickening of the arterial wall.
    Nafamostat
  • HY-17406S1
    Tolcapone-d4
    		Inducer 99.13%
    Tolcapone-d4 (Ro 40-7592-d4) is the deuterium labeled Tolcapone (HY-17406). Tolcapone (Ro 40-7592) is a selective, potent and orally active COMT inhibitor with an IC50of 773 nM. Tolcapone can inhibits α-syn and Aβ42 oligomerization and fibrillogenesis. Tolcapone can cause oxidative stress and induce cancer cells apoptosis and ROS production. Tolcapone can be used for the researches of cancer and neurological disease, such as Parkinson disease and neuroblastoma.
    Tolcapone-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-107093
    MBC-11
    		Inducer
    MBC-11 is a first-in-class conjugate of the bone-targeting bisphosphonate etidronate covalently linked to the antimetabolite cytarabine (araC). MBC-11 has the potential for tumor-induced bone disease (TIBD) research.
    MBC-11
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity