2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-176798
    NCI-006
    		Inducer 98.73%
    NCI-006 is an orally active lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor (LDHA IC50 = 0.06 μM; LDHB IC50 = 0.03 μM). NCI-006 inhibits intratumoral LDH activity, lactate production, and tumor growth in a mouse pancreatic cancer model. NCI-006 inhibits glycolysis and induces apoptosis in vitro. NCI-006 enhances the radiosensitivity of glycolytic tumor cell lines while sparing non-glycolytic/normal cells (1522, skin fibroblasts) in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). NCI-006 exhibits synergistic antitumor effects in combination with IACS-010759 (HY-112037) against colorectal and gastric cancers. NCI-006 targets glycolysis by inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase impairs tumor growth in an Ewing sarcoma model.
    NCI-006
  • HY-100711A
    Prodigiosin hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.05%
    Prodigiosin (Prodigiosine) hydrochloride is a red pigment produced by bacteria as a bioactive secondary metabolite. Prodigiosin hydrochloride is a potent proapoptotic agent, and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prodigiosin hydrochloride has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer properties.
    Prodigiosin hydrochloride
  • HY-N3417
    Kongensin A
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Kongensin A is a natural product isolated from Croton kongensis. Kongensin A is an effective, covalent HSP90 inhibitor that blocks RIP3-dependent necroptosishas. Kongensin A is a potent necroptosis inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. Kongensin A has potential anti-necroptosis and anti-inflammation applications.
    Kongensin A
  • HY-177990
    STAT3-IN-52
    		Inducer
    STAT3-IN-52 (Compound 9) is a selective and orally active signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor. STAT3-IN-52 binds to the pY705 site of STAT3 (Ki = 440 nM), blocking the phosphorylation and dimerization of STAT3. STAT3-IN-52 shows strong cytotoxicity against various cancer cells, such as breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 0.7 μM), medulloblastoma UW426, pancreatic cancer BKPC3 cells. STAT3-IN-52 can induce cell apoptosis, inhibit the STAT3 nuclear transport and DNA binding activity and downregulate the expression of the STAT3 target gene MMP9. STAT3-IN-52 can be used for research related to STAT3 abnormal activation in cancer.
    STAT3-IN-52
  • HY-172609
    SL-176
    		Inducer 99.91%
    SL-176 is a PPM1D (Wip1) inhibitor. SL-176 inhibits lipid droplet formation, downregulates the mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, and blocks adipocyte differentiation. SL-176 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in breast cancer cells overexpressing PPM1D, and activates components of the p53 pathway. SL-176 suppresses tumor growth in a zebrafish model of neuroblastoma. SL-176 is applicable to research related to obesity, breast cancer and neuroblastoma.
    SL-176
  • HY-138847A
    Thalidomide-4-O-C3-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-4-O-C3-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-4-O-C3-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-B1135S
    Benzbromarone-d5
    		Inducer 99.42%
    Benzbromarone-d5 is deuterium labeled Benzbromarone.
    Benzbromarone-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N6736
    K-252c
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    K-252c, a staurosporine analog isolated from Nocardiopsis sp., is a cell-permeable PKC inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.45 µM. K-252c induces apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cancer cells. K-252c also inhibits β-lactamase, chymotrypsin, and malate dehydrogenase.
    K-252c
  • HY-161027
    2,6-Didehydropeperomin B
    		Inducer
    DHP-B is an Ecolignan-type compound and covalent, selective CPT1A inhibitor with a Kd of 1.62 μM. DHP-B can be isolated from the plant Peperomia dindygulensis. DHP-B covalently binds to Cys96 of CPT1A, blocks FAO, and disrupts the mitochondrial CPT1A-VDAC1 interaction. DHP-B triggers Apoptosis. DHP-B exhibits anti-CRC activity.
    2,6-Didehydropeperomin B
  • HY-B0003A
    1'-epi Gemcitabine hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    1'-epi Gemcitabine hydrochloride is the isomer of Gemcitabine hydrochloride (HY-B0003), and can be used as an experimental control. Gemcitabine Hydrochloride (LY 188011 Hydrochloride) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antimetabolite and an antineoplastic agent. Gemcitabine Hydrochloride inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, resulting in autophagyand apoptosis.
    1'-epi Gemcitabine hydrochloride
  • HY-132941
    CFT-2718
    		Inducer 99.87%
    CFT-2718 is a selective CRBN-dependent BRD4 PROTAC degrader. CFT-2718 mediates rapid, selective BRD4 degradation, reduces total and phosphorylated Ser2 RPB1 levels, and reduces MYC protein levels. CFT-2718 can inhibit cancer cells proliferation and induce apoptosis. CFT-2718 reduces growth of lung cancer and pancreatic patient-derived xenograft models. CFT-2718 can be used for the research of cancer, such as small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer.
    CFT-2718
  • HY-117359
    UCD38B hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.31%
    UCD38B hydrochloride is a cell permeant, competitive enzymatic uPA inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7 μM. UCD38B hydrochloride targets intracellular uPA causing mistrafficking of uPA into perinuclear mitochondria, reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential, and followed by the release of apoptotic inducible factor (AIF). UCD38B hydrochloride induces apoptosis.
    UCD38B hydrochloride
  • HY-N8540
    Ilicicolin H
    		Inducer
    Ilicicolin H is a selective and non-ATP-competitive phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) (IC50 = 9.02 μM) and mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 reductase (IC50 = 2-3 ng/mL) inhibitor. Ilicicolin H directly binds to PGK1 with KD of 60 μM .Ilicicolin H can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Ilicicolin H can inhibit the lactate production and glucose uptake of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Ilicicolin H has a broad antifungal spectrum including C. albicans, Cryptococcus and A. fumigatus. Ilicicolin H can be used for the researches of cancer and infection, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and C. albicans infection.
    Ilicicolin H
  • HY-P11108A
    RP-182 acetate
    		Inducer
    RP-182 acetate is a synthetic immunomodulatory peptide that exerts anti-tumor effects by targeting the mannose receptor CD206 (Kd = 8 μM) on the surface of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). RP-182 acetate induces a conformational switch of the CD206 receptor, which activates NF-κB signaling and phagocytosis in CD206high TAMs. RP-182 acetate has dual function: activation of canonical NF-κB signaling, triggering TNFα secretion and autocrine activation of the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), leading to activation of caspase 8, apoptosis, and cell death. RP-182 acetate is used in pancreatic cancer and melanoma research.
    RP-182 acetate
  • HY-W584514
    Thalidomide-NH-(CH2)2-NH2 TFA
    		Inducer 99.38%
    Thalidomide-NH-(CH2)2-NH2 TFA is an alkyl-modified Thalidomide (HY-14658) that acts as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN proteins. Thalidomide-NH-(CH2)2-NH2 TFA is a key intermediate in the synthesis of CRBN-based PROTAC molecules designed to synthesize small PROTAC molecules targeting SHP2 protein.
    Thalidomide-NH-(CH2)2-NH2 TFA
  • HY-78131S2
    Ibuprofen-d4
    		Inducer 99.28%
    Ibuprofen-d4 is a deuterium labeled Ibuprofen (HY-78131). Ibuprofen is a potent, orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N7015R
    Zerumbone (Standard)
    Zerumbone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zerumbone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zerumbone is an orally active natural cyclic sesquiterpene and can be isolated from Zingiber zerumbet. Zerumbone has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-mutagenic activity.
    Zerumbone (Standard)
  • HY-121324S
    Prometryn-d14
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Prometryn-d14 is the deuterium labeled Prometryn. Prometryn is a triazine herbicide. Prometryn induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Prometryn induces oxidative stress, DNA damage and autophagy-related gene expression, and non-specific immunity gene expression. Prometryn can be used for the research of herbicide, hepatopancreas injury, and intestinal stress and intestinal barrier dysfunction.
    Prometryn-d<sub>14</sub>
  • HY-146548
    Anticancer agent 43
    		Inducer 98.58%
    Anticancer Agent 43 is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer Agent 43 induces apoptosis by caspase 3, PARP1, and Bax dependent mechanisms. Anticancer Agent 43 induces DNA damage.
    Anticancer agent 43
  • HY-180989
    PROTAC PLK1 Degrader-2
    		Inducer 99.48%
    PROTAC PLK1 Degrader-2 (Compound NC1) is a PLK1 PROTAC degrader with an Kd of 6.06 μM. PROTAC PLK1 Degrader-2 significantly inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. PROTAC PLK1 Degrader-2 exhibits significant anti-tumor activity in a HeLa cell xenograft tumor mouse model. PROTAC PLK1 Degrader-2 can be used for the study of cervical cancer.
    PROTAC PLK1 Degrader-2
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity