2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-135276
    Targaprimir-96
    		Activator
    Targaprimir-96 is a potent inhibitor of microRNA-96 (miR-96) processing. Targaprimir-96 selectively modulates miR-96 production in cancer cells and triggers apoptosis. Targaprimir-96 binds primary miR-96 (pri-miR-96) with low nanomolar affinity. Targaprimir-96 directly engages pri-miR-96 in breast cancer cells and is ineffective on healthy breast cells.
    Targaprimir-96
  • HY-W338764
    AHR agonist 3
    		Inducer 99.79%
    AHR agonist 3 is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, that can induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis via activation of tumor-suppressive transcriptional programs. AHR agonist 3 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) stem cell growth via AhR while exhibits minimal cytotoxicity against normal human primary cells and can be used for cancer research.
    AHR agonist 3
  • HY-121638
    CU-3
    		Inducer
    CU-3 is a DGKα inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 μM. CU-3 competitively reduces DGKα’s affinity for ATP via binding to the enzyme’s catalytic region. CU-3 induces apoptosis in cancer cells. CU-3 promotes T-cell activation and enhances IL-2 production. CU-3 can be used for the research of hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer.
    CU-3
  • HY-N0848R
    Epibrassinolide (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Epibrassinolide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Epibrassinolide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants[1]. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth[2].
    Epibrassinolide (Standard)
  • HY-10984S3
    Pomalidomide-15N,13C5
    		Inducer
    Pomalidomide-15N,13C5 is 15N and 13C labeled Pomalidomide (HY-10984). Pomalidomide, the third-generation immunomodulatory agent, acts as molecular glue. Pomalidomide interacts with the E3 ligase cereblon and induces degradation of essential Ikaros transcription factors.
    Pomalidomide-<sup>15</sup>N,<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-185323
    Gem-C12
    		Inducer 98.02%
    Gem-C12 is a prodrug of Gemcitabine (HY-17026). Gem-C12 terminates DNA chain elongation, inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and induces Apoptosis. Gem-C12 inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells. Gem-C12 and Honokiol (HY-N0003) exhibit synergistic anti-glioblastoma activity. Gem-C12 can be used in research related to glioblastoma multiforme.
    Gem-C12
  • HY-P991512
    SGN-30
    		Inducer
    SGN-30 is a chimeric antibody derived from a mouse antihuman CD30 antibody, AC10, with the variable regions of AC10 and human α 1 heavy chain and κ light chain constant regions. SGN-30 induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in cancer cells. SGN-30 can be used for the study of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).
    SGN-30
  • HY-18085AS
    Quercetin-d3 hydrate
    		Inducer
    Quercetin-d3 hydrate is a deuterium labeled Quercetin hydrate (HY-18085A), a flavonoid which can stimulate recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50s of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin-d<sub>3</sub> hydrate
  • HY-124451
    2-Chloronaphthalene
    		Inducer 99.69%
    2-Chloronaphthalene, serving as an intermediate in organic synthesis, is classified as a persistent organic pollutant. 2-Chloronaphthalene can induce apoptosis and autophagy, while inhibiting cell proliferation. 2-Chloronaphthalene leads to cell death through the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis.
    2-Chloronaphthalene
  • HY-111965
    PF-06647263
    		Inducer
    PF-06647263 is an ADC targeting EFNA4, consisting of EFNA4 Antibody (HY-P991109), ADC toxin Calicheamicin (HY-19609) and a linker. PF-06647263 exhibits anti-tumor activity and induces significant tumor regression in TNBC xenografts.
    PF-06647263
  • HY-N7273
    Soyasaponin III
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Soyasaponin III, a monodesmodic oleanane triterpenoid, is one of the main potentially bioactive saponins found in soy (Glycine max) and related products. Soyasaponin III can induce apoptosis in Hep-G2 cells.
    Soyasaponin III
  • HY-75625
    2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid
    		Inducer 99.64%
    2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid is an orally active inhibitor of MCT-1 and MCT-4, as well as a plant biomarker. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid can be isolated from roots. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid induces Apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid exhibits anticancer activity against breast cancer. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid normalizes lactic acid levels. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid neutralizes viper venom and attenuates its lethal, hemorrhagic, coagulant and anticoagulant activities in male albino mice. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid possesses antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activities.
    2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid
  • HY-W414644
    Fluacrypyrim
    		Inhibitor
    Fluacrypyrim, a Miticide, is a STAT3 inhibitor. Fluacrypyrim significantly increases the protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPs) activity. Fluacrypyrim inhibits the growth of leukemia cells by a predominant G1 arrest with significant decrease of the protein and mRNA levels of cyclin D1. Fluacrypyrim selectively inhibits STAT3 signaling, inducing growth arrest and apoptosis in STAT3-dependent cancer cells. Fluacrypyrim mitigates IR-induced hematopoietic system injury mainly by preventing apoptosis in the HSCs. Fluacrypyrim demonstrates significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting uterine smooth muscle contraction and inflammatory responses.
    Fluacrypyrim
  • HY-10255AS
    Sunitinib-d10
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Sunitinib-d10 (SU 11248-d10) is a deuterium labeled Sunitinib. Sunitinib is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 80 nM and 2 nM for VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ, respectively. Sunitinib, an ATP-competitive inhibitor, effectively inhibits autophosphorylation of Ire1α by inhibiting autophosphorylation and consequent RNase activation.
    Sunitinib-d<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-N7422
    Kauran-16,17-diol
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Kauran-16,17-diol (ent-Kauran-16β,17-diol), a natural diterpene, posseses anti-tumor and inducing-apoptosis activity, with a IC50 of 17 μM on inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
    Kauran-16,17-diol
  • HY-N0790R
    Lupeol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Lupeol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lupeol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC).
    Lupeol (Standard)
  • HY-180880
    TFAP2β modulator-1
    		Inducer
    TFAP2β modulator-1 (compound A6) is a potent TFAP2β modulator that promotes TFAP2β condensation by inducing conformational changes in the intrinsically disordered region. TFAP2β modulator-1 promotes TFAP2β condensation, induces apoptosis, and exhibits anti-tumor functions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, mouse models, and organoids. TFAP2β modulator-1 can be used for ESCC research.
    TFAP2β modulator-1
  • HY-116794
    SF5
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    SF5 (2,2-Diphenylethyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane analog. SF5 inhibits apoptosis by the JNK-p53-caspase pathway. SF5 can be used as a new renal protective agent for drug-resistant acute renal disease.
    SF5
  • HY-B0185G
    Lidocaine (GMP)
    		Inducer
    Lidocaine (GMP) is Lidocaine (HY-B0185) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Lidocaine inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence. Lidocaine decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine is an amide derivative and has potential for the research of ventricular arrhythmia.
    Lidocaine (GMP)
  • HY-122295
    Dehydroleucodine
    		Inducer
    Dehydroleucodine is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Artemisia douglasiana. Dehydroleucodine is a mast cell stabilizer that inhibits tmast cell degranulation induced by compound 48/80. Dehydroleucodine inudces cells apoptosis, and has gastric ulcer inhibition and antileukemic effects.
    Dehydroleucodine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity