2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-168320
    N-Stearoyltyrosine
    		Inhibitor
    N-Stearoyltyrosine (N-(1-Oxooctadecyl)-L-tyrosine) is an analog of Anandamide (HY-10863). N-Stearoyltyrosine exhibits neuroprotective efficacy in gerbils ischemia-reperfusion model through protection in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. N-Stearoyltyrosine inhibits the free radicals production and improves antioxidant capacity. N-Stearoyltyrosine inhibits the IR-induced apoptosis.
    N-Stearoyltyrosine
  • HY-164501
    Mps-BAY1
    Mps-BAY1 is an MPS1 inhibitor with anticancer activity. Mps-BAY1 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by activating mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells, generating global aneuploidy and polyploidy. Mps-BAY1 can be used in the study of colorectal cancer and cervical cancer.
    Mps-BAY1
  • HY-13259G
    MG-132 (GMP)
    		Inducer
    MG-132 (GMP) (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al (GMP)) is MG-132 (HY-13259) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. MG-132 (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al) is a potent proteasome and calpain inhibitor with IC50s of 100 nM and 1.2 μM, respectively. MG-132 effectively blocks the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome complex. MG-132, a peptide aldehyde, also is an autophagy activator. MG-132 also induces apoptosis.
    MG-132 (GMP)
  • HY-176712
    GSNOR-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    GSNOR-IN-1, a prodrug of GSNOR-IN-2 (HY-176275), is a BBB-penetrable S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitor. GSNOR-IN-1 has significant protective activity against OGD/R-induced injury. GSNOR-IN-1 regulates calcium signaling and synaptic function via Clstn1 S-nitrosation and inhibits neuronal apoptosis. GSNOR-IN-1 significantly reduces infarct volume while improving neurological deficits in ischemic stroke rat models. GSNOR-IN-1 has neuroprotective activity, promising for ischemic stroke research.
    GSNOR-IN-1
  • HY-158407
    Anticancer agent 220
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 220 is a chromanone derivative with anticancer effects. Anticancer agent 220 shows highly potent activity in the colon cancer cell lines. Anticancer agent 220 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cells.
    Anticancer agent 220
  • HY-N8617
    Trijuganone C
    		Activator
    Trijuganone C is a tanshinone-type diterpenoid compound. Trijuganone C can be isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Trijuganone C induces chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, activation of Caspase-3, -8 and -9, as well as cleavage of PARP. Trijuganone C activates Bid and Bax, leading to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and inducing the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. Trijuganone C exerts antiproliferative effects through Apoptosis induction mediated by Mitochondrial dysfunction and Caspase activation. Trijuganone C exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against leukemia cells and colon cancer cells.
    Trijuganone C
  • HY-179267
    FTO-IN-16
    		Inducer
    FTO-IN-16 (Compound 8a-1), a FTO-IN-15 (HY-179266) prodrug, is a potent FTO inhibitor. FTO-IN-16 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell viability, increases m6A levels, downregulates c-Myc and CEBPA, and upregulates ASB2 and RARA. FTO-IN-16 induces apoptosis. FTO-IN-16 demonstrates strong in vivo efficacy in AML mouse xenografts. FTO-IN-16 can be used for the research of AML.
    FTO-IN-16
  • HY-169994
    BC13
    		Inducer
    BC13 is a CDK6/BRD4 inhibitor with the IC50 values of 234 nM and 36 nM for CDK6 and BRD4, respectively. BC13 shows antiproliferative activity and induces cell apoptosis and DNA damage. BC13 increases in ROS levels.
    BC13
  • HY-135217R
    Apiole (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Apiole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Apiole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Apiole is an anti-tumor agent that induces apoptosis and inhibits human colon cancer cells by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Apiole also significantly inhibited colon tumor development in an in vivo mouse xenograft model.
    Apiole (Standard)
  • HY-P4910
    Baceridin
    		Inducer
    Baceridin is a proteasome inhibitor and a cyclic hexapeptide. Baceridin can be isolated from the culture medium of Epiphytic Bacillus. Baceridin can inhibit cell cycle progression and induce tumor cell apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway. Baceridin can be used in cancer research.
    Baceridin
  • HY-159517
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-5
    		Inducer
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-5 (compound D3) is a derivative of Pseudolaric Acid B (HY-N6939) with anti-tumor activity. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-5 inhibits excessive proliferation of tumor cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3/GPX4 pathways. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-5 effectively inhibits EDU positivity, reduces colony formation, places HCT-116 cells in the S phase and G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis.
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-5
  • HY-N2871
    (Rac)-Angophorol
    		Inducer
    (Rac)-Angophorol is a flavonone compound. (Rac)-Angophorol exerts potential anticancer activity through growth inhibition and apoptosis in K562 cells.
    (Rac)-Angophorol
  • HY-162803
    c-Met-IN-24
    		Inducer
    c-Met-IN-24 (compound 3g) is a dual-target inhibitor of STAT-3 (=4.7 μM) and c-MET (=12.67 μM) with anticancer activity. c-Met-IN-24 arrests the G2/M cell cycle and induces apoptosis in SNB-75 cells. c-Met-IN-24 can be used in the study of central nervous system cancers.
    c-Met-IN-24
  • HY-173560
    SHP2 ATTEC degrader-1
    		Inducer
    SHP2 ATTEC degrader-1 is a SHP2 ATTEC degrader. SHP2 ATTEC degrader-1 has degradation rate of 83.31 at 1.0 μM for 24 h in the PANC-1 cell line. SHP2 ATTEC degrader-1 inhibits cell growth in vivo and in vitro. SHP2 ATTEC degrader-1 induces apoptosis and increases the expression of the epithelial marker ( E-cadherin)， and reduces the expression of interstitial markers (such as N-cadherin, Vimentin) (Pink: LC3 ligand (HY-174085); Black :linker HY-140468; Blue: SHP2 ligand (HY-174084).
    SHP2 ATTEC degrader-1
  • HY-N13095
    (+)-Plakevulin A
    		Inducer
    (+)-Plakevulin A (Plakevulin A) is an oxylipin and can be isolated from an Okinawan sponge Plakortis sp. (+)-Plakevulin A inhibits the enzymatic activity of DNA polymerases α and δ. (+)-Plakevulin A induces apoptosis and shows anticancer activity.
    (+)-Plakevulin A
  • HY-163153
    Anticancer agent 184
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 184 (Compound 6o) is a novel, effective and low toxic anticancer drug. Anticancer agent 184 induces apoptosis by blocking the S phase.
    Anticancer agent 184
  • HY-N15657
    Geiparvarin
    		Inducer
    Geiparvarin is an anticancer agent and an inhibitor of MAO-B (pIC50 = 6.84 μM). Geiparvarin exerts anti-tumor effects by downregulating COX2 expression and inhibiting angiogenesis. Geiparvarin blocks the cell cycle at the G1 phase and induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Geiparvarin has anti-microtubule activity and destroys the cytoskeleton to exert anti-proliferative effects. Geiparvarin has research significance for lung cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer.
    Geiparvarin
  • HY-N1255A
    Scoulerine hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Scoulerine ((-)-Scoulerine; Discretamine) hydrochloride is a multi-target inhibitor with anti-tumor and antioxidant activities. Scoulerine hydrochloride mainly targets the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis and α1D-adrenergic receptor, disrupts microtubule structure, and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Scoulerine hydrochloride effectively inhibits mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, targets GABA receptors and BACE1, and suppresses the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell properties of cancer cells. Scoulerine hydrochloride also exhibits multiple pharmacological activities including anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antibacterial, antiemetic and antitussive effects, and regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial function (modulates Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c). Scoulerine hydrochloride is applicable to research related to leukemia, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer.
    Scoulerine hydrochloride
  • HY-Y0284R
    Diethyl phthalate (Standard)
    Diethyl phthalate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diethyl phthalate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diethyl phthalate is an endocrine disruptor that has the activity of affecting the apoptosis system of PC12 cells. Diethyl phthalate is widely used in a variety of plastics and personal care products. Diethyl phthalate has shown the potential to induce male reproductive toxicity unrelated to androgens in animal experiments.
    Diethyl phthalate (Standard)
  • HY-174403
    c-MYC/BCL2 ligand 1 iodide
    		Inducer
    c-MYC/BCL2 ligand 1 iodide is a dual-targeting c-MYC/Bcl-2 G4 ligand with Kd values of 0.90 μM (c-MYC G4) and 0.56 μM (Bcl-2 G4). c-MYC/BCL2 ligand 1 iodide inhibits c-MYC and Bcl-2 gene transcription by binding to G4-forming sequences and downregulates their protein expression. c-MYC/BCL2 ligand 1 iodide inhibits suppresses migration, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis, and triggers cell cycle G1 arrest in MCF-7 cells. c-MYC/BCL2 ligand 1 iodide significantly suppresses tumor growth in a 4T1 syngeneic model with no observable toxicity. c-MYC/BCL2 ligand 1 iodide can be used for the research of breast cancer.
    c-MYC/BCL2 ligand 1 iodide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity