2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W723834
    Sodium butyrate-d5
    Sodium butyrate-d5 (Butanoic acid-d5 sodium) is the deuterium labeled Sodium butyrate (HY-B0350A). Sodium Butyrate (sodium butanoate) is an inhibitor of HDAC, possessing anti-tumor activity.
    Sodium butyrate-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-157292
    2E-3-F16
    2E-3-F16 is a anticancer agent. 2E-3-F16 exhibits tumor cell selectivity between NCI-H446 cancer cells and HBE cells. 2E-3-F16 enhances the sensitivity of A549 cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394).
    2E-3-F16
  • HY-12956S2
    Dinoprost-13C5
    		Inducer
    Dinoprost-13C5 is 13C labeled Dinoprost (HY-12956). Dinoprost (Prostaglandin F2α) is an orally active, potent prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP receptor) agonist. Dinoprost is a luteolytic hormone produced locally in the endometrial luminal epithelium and corpus luteum (CL). Dinoprost plays a key role in the onset and progression of labour.
    Dinoprost-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-158005
    Anticancer agent 195
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 195 (Compound 10) is an inhibitor for ELF3-MED23 PPI with Ki of 0.68 μM. Anticancer agent 195 induces apoptosis and exhibits antitumor activity.
    Anticancer agent 195
  • HY-155807
    DPP
    		Inducer
    DPP is a Platinum(IV) complex, bearing pterostilbene-derived axial ligand. DPP inhibit the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in breast cancer (BC) cells with antiproliferative activity, and activates caspase-3 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase to induces apoptosis. DPP promotes the maturation and antigen presentation of dendritic cells, and exhibits in vivo safety.
    DPP
  • HY-50892
    (Rac)-Roscovitine
    		Inducer
    (Rac)-Roscovitine ((Rac)-Seliciclib) is a selective cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitor. (Rac)-Roscovitine binds to the active sites of CDKs competitively with ATP, inhibiting the phosphorylation activity of CDKs. (Rac)-Roscovitine induces apoptosis in cancer cells. (Rac)-Roscovitine is promising for research of cancers or other diseases associated with CDK dysregulation, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac disorders, viral and protozoan infections, glomerulonephritis, and chronic inflammation.
    (Rac)-Roscovitine
  • HY-122185
    Anticancer agent 211
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 211 (AK301) can inhibit tubulin polymerization. Anticancer agent 211 can block the division of human colon cancer cells. Anticancer agent 211 can increase the sensitivity of human colon cancer cells to apoptotic ligands and promote cell apoptosis.
    Anticancer agent 211
  • HY-139828
    Anticancer agent 14
    Anticancer agent 14 is a lead compound (IC50: 0.20 to 0.65 μM) that induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in breast cancer cells.
    Anticancer agent 14
  • HY-135146G
    GSK-3484862 (GMP)
    		Inducer
    GSK-3484862 GMP is GSK-3484862 (HY-135146) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. GSK-3484862 is a highly potent non-covalent inhibitor and demethylating agent of DNMT1. GSK-3484862 induces genome-wide DNA demethylation, including the regulatory elements of DNMT3B and the promoter region of TERT, and significantly inhibits cell viability, growth, proliferation and self-renewal. GSK-3484862 blocks the transformation of young AT2 cells, induces apoptosis, and generates transcriptomic features similar to those of senescent cells. GSK-3484862 is widely used in studies related to lung cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma.
    GSK-3484862 (GMP)
  • HY-176775
    TPP-IOA
    		Inhibitor
    TPP-IOA is a cytochrome c peroxidase inhibitor. TPP-IOA inhibits apoptosis by preventing cardiolipin oxidation and cytochrome c release to the cytosol. TPP-IOA disrupts oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria. TPP-IOA inhibits cell death in SH-SY5Y cells grown in glucose, but not galactose. TPP-IOA causes mitochondrial depolarization and network fragmentation. TPP-lOA mitigates radiation induced death in mice.
    TPP-IOA
  • HY-183317
    IDO1-IN-34
    		Inducer
    IDO1-IN-34 is a selective IDO1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.093 μM. IDO1-IN-34 exhibits cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. IDO1-IN-34 inhibits the kynurenine (kynurenine) pathway and activates IL-2. IDO1-IN-34 induces cell apoptosis via the endogenous mitochondrial pathway, while increasing the levels of cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP-1. IDO1-IN-34 can be used for research on liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer and leukemia.
    IDO1-IN-34
  • HY-B0350AG
    Sodium butyrate (GMP)
    		Inducer
    Sodium butyrate (GMP) refers to Sodium butyrate (HY-B0350A) of GMP grade. Small molecules of GMP grade can be used as adjuvants in cell therapy. Sodium Butyrate (sodium butanoate) is an inhibitor of HDAC, possessing anti-tumor activity.
    Sodium butyrate (GMP)
  • HY-172877
    EGFR/BRAFV600E-IN-5
    		Inducer
    EGFR/BRAFV600E-IN-5 (Compound 7I) is a dual BRAFV600E/EGFR inhibitor with IC50 of 0.048 μM and 0.037 μM, respectively. EGFR/BRAFV600E-IN-5 has significant anti-melanoma activity with IC50 of 3.16 μM and 2.50 μM against MALME-3M and LOX-IMVI cell lines, respectively. EGFR/BRAFV600E-IN-5 exerts anti-tumor effects by inducing G1 arrest, inhibiting DNA synthesis, and activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. EGFR/BRAFV600E-IN-5 can be used for melanoma research, especially for combined inhibition of BRAFV600E mutation and EGFR signaling pathway.
    EGFR/BRAFV600E-IN-5
  • HY-10539B
    Enzastaurin hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Enzastaurin (LY317615) hydrochloride is a potent and selective PKCβ inhibitor with an IC50 of 6 nM, showing 6- to 20-fold selectivity over PKCα, PKCγ and PKCε.
    Enzastaurin hydrochloride
  • HY-180196
    EGFR-IN-187
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-187 (Compound 4d) is a selective EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 25.41 μM. EGFR-IN-187 can cause cancer cells S amd G2/M phase arrest and induce apoptosis and autophagy. EGFR-IN-187 upregulates CCNE1, Bax, LC3B-II and P27 expression and downregulates CCNA1 and Bcl-2 levels. EGFR-IN-187 can be used for the research of cancer, such as lung cancer.
    EGFR-IN-187
  • HY-157507
    JC-010a
    		Inducer
    JC-010a is a selective SHP2 allosteric inhibitor. JC-010a inhibits cancer cells proliferation. JC-010a can be used for the research of cancer.
    JC-010a
  • HY-111603S
    Dobesilate-d6 calcium
    		Inducer
    Dobesilate-d6 (calcium) is deuterium labeled Calcium dobesilate. Calcium dobesilate, a vasoprotective, is widely used in chronic venous disease, diabetic retinopathy and the symptoms of haemorrhoidal attack in many countries.
    Dobesilate-d<sub>6</sub> calcium
  • HY-B0808A
    Oxaprozin potassium
    		Inducer
    Oxaprozin potassium is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2.2 μM for human platelet COX-1 and and 36 μM for IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2, respectively. Oxaprozin potassium also inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Oxaprozin potassium induces cell apoptosis. Oxaprozin potassium shows anti-inflammatory activity. Oxaprozin potassium-mediated inhibition of the Akt/IKK/NF-κB pathway contributes to its anti-inflammatory properties.
    Oxaprozin potassium
  • HY-114489B
    Haemanthamine hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Haemanthamine hydrochloride is a crinine-type alkaloid isolated from the Amaryllidaceae plants with potent anticancer activity. Haemanthamine hydrochloride targets ribosomal that inhibits protein biosynthesis during the elongation stage of translation. Haemanthamine hydrochloride has pro-apoptotic, antioxidant, antiviral, antimalarial and anticonvulsant activities.
    Haemanthamine hydrochloride
  • HY-149370
    HDAC-IN-60
    		Inducer
    HDAC-IN-60 (compound 21a) is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. HDAC-IN-60 can promote the intracellular generation of ROS, cause DNA damage, block the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and activate the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway to induce cell apoptosis.
    HDAC-IN-60
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity