2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-50867
    Lestaurtinib
    		Inducer 99.66%
    Lestaurtinib (CEP-701) is an orally active and selective RPTKs (receptor protein tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, competitively inhibits ATP binding to the TrkA/B/C domain. Lestaurtinib inhibits RPTKs phosphorylation, with IC50s of 2, 25 and 0.9 nM for FLT3, TrkA and JAK2, respectively. Lestaurtinib induces apoptosis and cycle arrest, also can inhibit growth of tumor.
    Lestaurtinib
  • HY-P3211
    Nangibotide
    		Inhibitor 98.53%
    Nangibotide (LR12) is a synthetic peptide and TREM-1 receptor inhibitor. Nangibotide inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduces the release of pro-inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-8). Nangibotide inhibits Apoptosis. Nangibotide reduces excessive inflammatory responses and protects tissues (liver, lung) from damage. Nangibotide can be used in the researches for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, septic shock, acute lung injury, osteoarthritis, and acute liver failure.
    Nangibotide
  • HY-70044
    GSK-1070916
    		Inducer 99.55%
    GSK-1070916 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of aurora B and aurora C with Kis of 0.38 and 1.5 nM, respectively, and is >250- fold selective over Aurora A.
    GSK-1070916
  • HY-12014
    SU11274
    		Inducer 98.82%
    SU11274 is a selective Met inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM, but has no effects on PGDFRβ, EGFR or Tie2.
    SU11274
  • HY-103181
    N6-Cyclopentyladenosine
    		Activator 99.95%
    N6-Cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) is a selective Adenosine A1 receptor agonist, with Ki values of 2.3 nM, 790 nM and 43 nM for human A1, A2A and A3 receptors, respectively. N6-cyclopentyladenosine increases Apoptosis. N6-Cyclopentyladenosine has antitumor activity against leukemia. N6-cyclopentyladenosine improves 5-fluorouracil (HY-90006)-induced hematopoietic damage, regulates sleep, and delays Aminophylline-induced clonic epileptic seizures.
    N6-Cyclopentyladenosine
  • HY-109185
    Pelcitoclax
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Pelcitoclax (APG-1252) is a potent Bcl-2/Bcl-xl inhibitor with antineoplastic and pro-apoptotic effects.
    Pelcitoclax
  • HY-B0766
    Bicyclol
    		99.91%
    Bicyclol (SY801) is an orally active derivative of the traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis, which has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-steatosis, anti-fibrotic and anti-tumor activities. Bicyclol regulates the expression of heat shock proteins and plays an anti-apoptosis role in hepatocytes. Bicyclol reduces the activation of NF-κB and the levels of inflammatory factors in hepatocytes infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) by inhibiting the activation of the ROS-MAPK-NF-κB pathway, and prevents ferroptosis in acute liver injury. Bicyclol can change the expression of Mdr-1, GSH/GST and Bcl-2, increase the intracellular concentration of anticancer drugs, and sensitize drug-resistant cells to anticancer drugs. Bicyclol inhibits the proliferation of human malignant hepatoma cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Bicyclol can be used in the study of chronic hepatitis, acute liver injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Bicyclol
  • HY-164561
    TASIN-30
    		Inducer 99.96%
    TASIN-30 is a selective EBP inhibitor with an EC50 of 0.097 μM. TASIN-30 blocks the production of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) and downstream cholesterol biosynthesis processes. TASIN-30 depletes downstream sterols, disrupts the integrity of lipid rafts in tumor cells, accelerates intracellular cholesterol consumption, and inhibits tumor cell proliferation. TASIN-30 induces ferroptosis and apoptosis by reducing 7-DHC levels and increasing phospholipid peroxidation. TASIN-30 achieves tumor suppression in nude mice with osteosarcoma. TASIN-30 can be used in cancer-related research such as colorectal cancer and osteosarcoma.
    TASIN-30
  • HY-13567
    Bendamustine
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Bendamustine (SDX-105 free base), a purine analogue, is a DNA cross-linking agent. Bendamustine activates DNA-damage stress response and apoptosis. Bendamustine has potent alkylating, anticancer and antimetabolite properties.
    Bendamustine
  • HY-B0567
    Dequalinium Chloride
    		Inducer 99.72%
    Dequalinium chloride is an Apamin (HY-P0256)-sensitive potassium channel selective blocker. Dequalinium chloride is a cationic, lipophilic mitochondrial poison. Dequalinium chloride is also an antagonist pf α7 nAChR, and an anti-microbial antiseptic agent with a broad bactericidal and fungicidal activity.
    Dequalinium Chloride
  • HY-N5042
    Forsythoside I
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Forsythoside I is an orally active caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside (CPG) that can be isolated from Forsythia suspense (Thunb.) Vahl. Forsythoside I has anti-inflammatory activity and can exert a protective effect in a mouse model of acute lung injury.
    Forsythoside I
  • HY-174228
    I3IN-002
    		Inducer 99.35%
    I3IN-002 is a small-molecule RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3 inhibitor with an IC50 value of approximately 2 μM in SEM cells. I3IN-002 interferes with interaction with m6 A-modified mRNAs, disrupting the stabilization of target genes (such as CDK6, MYC, and BCL2) to inhibit leukemic cell growth, induce cell cycle arrest, and promote apoptosis. I3IN-002 is promising for research of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    I3IN-002
  • HY-W127758
    Alginic acid
    		Inducer
    Alginic acid is a natural polysaccharide, which has been widely concerned and applied due to its excellent water solubility, film formation, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Alginic acid induces oxidative stress-mediated hormone secretion disorder, apoptosis and autophagy in mouse granulosa cells and ovaries. Alginic acid has an inhibitory effect on histamine release. Anti-anaphylactic and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Alginic acid
  • HY-116572A
    TASIN-1
    		Inducer 98.09%
    TASIN-1 is a selective inhibitor of truncated APCTR (adenomatous polyposis coli gene) that exerts cytotoxic effects by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. TASIN-1 specifically targets colorectal cancer (CRC) cells carrying APC truncated mutations, while having no significant toxicity to wild-type APC cells. TASIN-1 exerts cytotoxic effects by targeting Emopamil binding protein (EBP) to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, triggering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and JNK-mediated apoptosis, and inhibiting Akt survival signaling. TASIN-1 can be used to prevent and intervene in APC mutant colorectal cancer.
    TASIN-1
  • HY-N0162R
    Luteolin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Luteolin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Luteolin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells.
    Luteolin (Standard)
  • HY-122816
    HLY78
    		Inhibitor 98.44%
    HLY78, a Lycorine (HY-N0288) derivative, is a potent activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. HLY78 targets the DIX domain of Axin and promotes the Axin-LRP6 (lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6) association, thus promoting LRP6 phosphorylation and Wnt signal transduction. HLY78 can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) research.
    HLY78
  • HY-112041
    Unesbulin
    		Inducer 99.17%
    Unesbulin (PTC596) is an orally active and selective B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) inhibitor. Unesbulin downregulates MCL-1 and induces p53-independent mitochondrial apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Unesbulin has anti-leukemic activity.
    Unesbulin
  • HY-155950
    TH9619
    		Inducer 99.33%
    TH9619 is a potent inhibitor of dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities in both MTHFD1 and MTHFD2 with a IC50 value of 47 nM, and selectively kills cancer cells. TH9619 induces apoptosis by blocking the S phase. TH9619 has antitumor activity.
    TH9619
  • HY-155033
    SSI-4
    		Inducer 99.99%
    SSI-4 is an orally active stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) inhibitor with an EC50 of 1.9 nM against mouse SCD1. SSI-4 blocks the conversion of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids, reducing the production of oleic acid and palmitoleic acid. SSI-4 induces lipid peroxidation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, DNA damage and activates apoptotic mechanisms. SSI-4 inhibits mTORC1 activity, suppresses B cell proliferation and antibody production, and induces autophagy. SSI-4 is applicable to research on cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia and renal cell carcinoma, as well as influenza infections.
    SSI-4
  • HY-17503A
    Metoprolol succinate
    		Inhibitor 99.56%
    Metoprolol succinate is an orally active, selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Metoprolol succinate shows anti-inflammation, antitumor and anti-angiogenic properties.
    Metoprolol succinate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity