2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N16129
    Diplacone
    		Inhibitor 98.38%
    Diplacone is an orally active geranyl flavanone. It is isolated from the fruits of Paulownia tomentosa. Diplacone reduces COX-2 levels and increases the pro-MMP2/MMP2 ratio. It induces ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Diplacone enhances mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and ROS production. It possesses anti-inflammatory and free radical-scavenging activities. Diplacone can be used in research related to ulcerative colitis and non-small cell lung cancer.
    Diplacone
  • HY-15029S
    (±)-Naproxen-d3
    		99.77%
    (±)-Naproxen-d3 is the deuterium labeled (±)-Naproxen. (±)-Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    (±)-Naproxen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0149R
    Salicin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Salicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salicin is a natural COX inhibitor.
    Salicin (Standard)
  • HY-W026930
    Benzanthrone
    		Activator
    Benzanthrone is an immunotoxic, pro-inflammatory Photosensitizer. Benzanthrone upregulates iNOS, COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines; activates ERK1/2, p38, JNK, AP-1 and NF-κB; inhibits Nrf2; and induces oxidative stress and DNA damage. Upon radiation exposure, Benzanthrone generates singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals, induces photohemolysis and lipid peroxidation, and alters the levels of skin xenobiotic enzymes. Benzanthrone exhibits differential genotoxicity in different cell lines. Benzanthrone possesses skin tumor-initiating and promoting activities. Benzanthrone can be used in skin tumor-related studies.
    Benzanthrone
  • HY-N7148S1
    γ-Tocopherol-d4
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    γ-Tocopherol-d4 is the deuterium labeled γ-Tocopherol. γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity.
    γ-Tocopherol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N8693
    Withanoside IV
    		Inhibitor 98.47%
    Withanoside IV is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable withanolide derivative. Withanoside IV specifically binds to the Sudlow I site of HSA, induces secondary structural changes in HSA, and forms stable HSA complexes. Withanoside IV inhibits the enzymatic activity of COX-2. Withanoside IV induces axonal regeneration, peripheral nervous system myelination and increased axonal density in spinal cord tissue, reduces reactive gliosis-related changes, and improves hindlimb motor function. Withanoside IV binds to amyloid-β 1-42 to inhibit its aggregation, induces neurite outgrowth and synapse reconstruction, repairs damaged axons and dendrites, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, exerts neuroprotective effects via the BDNF and SIRT1 signaling pathways, reduces ROS production and neuronal apoptosis, and ameliorates memory deficits. Withanoside IV inhibits the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Withanoside IV can be used in research related to spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
    Withanoside IV
  • HY-N6663
    3-Carene
    		Inhibitor
    3-Carene is a bicyclic monoterpene in essential oils extracted from pine trees. 3-Carene inhibits nociceptive stimulus-induced inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression, and with antinociceptive effect. 3-Carene stimulates the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase that is an early phase marker of osteoblastic differentiation.
    3-Carene
  • HY-W077904
    2-Chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
    2-Chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) acetamide is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor predicted by molecular topology.
    2-Chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
  • HY-113509B
    15(R)-Lipoxin A4
    		98.3%
    15 (R)-Lipoxin A4 (15-epi-LXA4) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator and an acetylated derivative of COX2. 15 (R)-Lipoxin A4 is present in neurons. 15 (R)-Lipoxin A4 induces the SPM synthases ALOX12 and ALOX15, as well as the pro-resolving receptor ALX. 15 (R)-Lipoxin A4 inhibits protein kinases, including JNK1/2/3, Lyn, STAT-3 and STAT-6. 15 (R)-Lipoxin A4 enhances the release of pro-resolving mediators. 15 (R)-Lipoxin A4 alleviates the pro-inflammatory phenotype of tendon-derived stromal cells. 15 (R)-Lipoxin A4 promotes the resolution of neuroinflammation. 15 (R)-Lipoxin A4 is applicable to research related to achilles tendinitis, achilles tendon rupture and Alzheimer’s disease.
    15(R)-Lipoxin A4
  • HY-W028263
    6-Hydroxyflavanone
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    6-Hydroxyflavanone is a compound that can be isolated from the Muntingia calabura leaves. 6-Hydroxyflavanone targets cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and opioid and GABA-A receptors that has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuropathic pain potential. 6-Hydroxyflavanone can be used for the research of diabetes.
    6-Hydroxyflavanone
  • HY-100586
    Ibuprofen L-lysine
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) L-lysine is a potent orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen L-lysine inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen L-lysine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen L-lysine can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen L-lysine
  • HY-N2072R
    Crocetin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Crocetin (Standard) (TransCrocetin (Standard) ) is an aglycone of crocin. Crocetin (Standard) is orally active and brain-penetrant. Crocetin (Standard) shows strong NMDA receptor affinity and channel opening activity. Crocetin (Standard) can downregulate the proinflammatory cytokines and COX-2 exoression. Crocetin (Standard) can inhibit apoptosis and activation of MAPK. Crocetin (Standard) can delay delays brain and body aging. Crocetin (Standard) can be used for the researches of cancer, neurological disease and inflammation, such as cervical cancer and ischemia.
    Crocetin (Standard)
  • HY-139578
    Ocarocoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Ocarocoxib is a potent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (IC50: 1.4 μM). Ocarocoxib inhibits COX to block the production of prostaglandins, thus exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. Ocarocoxib has potential in the study of inflammation and related diseases.
    Ocarocoxib
  • HY-132405S
    Desmethyl Naproxen-d3
    		98.0%
    Desmethyl Naproxen-d3 is deuterium labeled Desmethyl Naproxen. Desmethyl Naproxen is the metabolite of anti-inflammatory agent Naproxen.
    Desmethyl Naproxen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-106823
    Tebufelone
    		Inhibitor 99.52%
    Tebufelone (NE-11740), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a selective dual COX-2/5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Tebufelone displays potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic properties.
    Tebufelone
  • HY-N0929R
    Hexahydrocurcumin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hexahydrocurcumin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexahydrocurcumin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hexahydrocurcumin is one of the major metabolites of curcumin and a selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor. Hexahydrocurcumin is inactive against COX-1. Hexahydrocurcumin has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Hexahydrocurcumin (Standard)
  • HY-N0256R
    Hederagenin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hederagenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hederagenin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hederagenin is a triterpenoid saponin with orally active and antitumor activity. Hederagenin can inhibit the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB in cells induced by LPS stimulation. Hederagenin also increases ROS production in cancer cells, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces apoptosis. Hederagenin also sensitizes cancer cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394) and Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), enhancing induced apoptosis. Hederagenin also has preventive potential against alcoholic liver injury.
    Hederagenin (Standard)
  • HY-134753
    Teriflunomide impurity 3
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Teriflunomide impurity 3 (4-Amino-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)benzamide) is a selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 30 µM. Teriflunomide impurity 3 is less active against COX-2 (IC50>100 µM).
    Teriflunomide impurity 3
  • HY-118561
    Bermoprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Bermoprofen (AD-1590) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Bermoprofen has potent antipyretic activities with a short biological half-life. Bermoprofen is a potent antagonist of LPS-induced fever in rabbits.
    Bermoprofen
  • HY-N10913
    Chloranthalactone B
    		Inhibitor
    Chloranthalactone B, a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid, is a nature product that could be isolated from Chinese medicinal herb Sarcandra glabra. Chloranthalactone B inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the AP-1 and p38 MAPK pathways.
    Chloranthalactone B
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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