2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-172100
    p38-α MAPK-IN-8
    		Inducer
    p38-α MAPK-IN-8 (Compound 13) is a lipophilic cationic derivative. p38-α MAPK-IN-8 is cytotoxic to various tumor cells, and can induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induce mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. The antitumor activity of p38-α MAPK-IN-8 may be related to p38α MAPK pathway, which can be used in the study of cancer.
    p38-α MAPK-IN-8
  • HY-128741S1
    D-Allose-13C-1
    		Inhibitor
    D-Allose-13C-1 is the 13C labeled D-Allose (HY-128741). D-Allose exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells. D-Allose scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces oxidative stress damage. D-Allose exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. D-Allose exhibits antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
    D-Allose-<sup>13</sup>C-1
  • HY-181160
    JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1
    		Inhibitor
    JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1 is a brain-penetrant JNK3 inhibitor and Wnt/β-catenin activator. JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1 decreases Aβ1-42 production and reduced ROS generation. JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1 inhibits the activation of JNK and Puma, promotes Beclin-1 expression, reduces GSK-3β and BACE1 expression and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling. JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1 improves cognitive and memory performance, attenuates histopathological brain damage, preserves structure of hippocampal pyramidal cells and cerebral cortical neurons. JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1 can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    JNK3/Wnt/β-catenin modulator-1
  • HY-119186
    Axillarin
    		Inhibitor
    Axillarin is a natural flavonoid with anti-glycating and anti-oxidant effects.
    Axillarin
  • HY-114809
    AL-1
    		Inhibitor
    AL-1 is a potent O2- generation inhibitor (IC50 = 7.6 μM) through the inhibition of leukocytic NADPH oxidase. AL-1 inhibits 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced H2O2 production. AL-1 reduces tumor incidence in ICR mouse skin. AL-1 can be used for research on oxidative stress-related diseases including cancer.
    AL-1
  • HY-172871
    Anti-inflammatory agent 102
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 102 (Compound 11a) is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent. Anti-inflammatory agent 102 exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the activation of the ASK1/p38 MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway. Anti-inflammatory agent 102 has significant anti-inflammatory activity and can inhibit the release of NO, ROS, and inflammatory factors (such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β). Anti-inflammatory agent 102 can be used in the study of inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC).
    Anti-inflammatory agent 102
  • HY-N17990
    Sexangularetin 3-sophoroside
    		Inhibitor
    Sexangularetin 3-sophoroside is a PDK1 and Akt phosphorylation activator with neuroprotective properties. Sexangularetin 3-sophoroside restores phosphorylated GSK-3β protein levels. Sexangularetin 3-sophoroside acts as a ROS inhibitor and regulates mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase. Sexangularetin 3-sophoroside can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease.
    Sexangularetin 3-sophoroside
  • HY-182067
    anti-TNBC agent-15
    		Activator
    anti-TNBC agent-15 is a platinum (IV) complex with anti-triple-negative breast cancer activity. anti-TNBC agent-15 inhibits cancer cell viability. anti-TNBC agent-15 reverses the resistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394), increases intracellular uptake, and effectively triggers apoptosis by inducing DNA damage, enhancing intracellular ROS accumulation and activating the mitochondrial pathway. anti-TNBC agent-15 enhances lipid peroxidation, interferes with the signal transduction of the cystine/glutamate transporter-glutathione peroxidase axis, and induces ferroptosis. anti-TNBC agent-15 significantly inhibits tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer/Cisplatin xenograft models. anti-TNBC agent-15 can be used for the research of triple-negative breast cancer.
    anti-TNBC agent-15
  • HY-N0716AR
    Berberine hemisulfate (Standard)
    		Modulator
    Berberine (hemisulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Berberine (hemisulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Berberine hemisulfate is the hemisulfate form of Berberine (HY-N0716). Berberine hemisulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian. Berberine hemisulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibiobic, antitumor, cardiovascular protective and neuroprotective activity.
    Berberine hemisulfate (Standard)
  • HY-B0764B
    Bucladesine
    		Inhibitor
    Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation.
    Bucladesine
  • HY-183295
    Antifungal agent 160
    		Inducer
    Antifungal agent 160 is a cytochrome bc1 complex inhibitor with activity against Alternaria solani, Gibberella zeae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. Antifungal agent 160 impairs ATP synthesis, suppresses ATPase activity, induces ROS bursts, compromises plasma membrane integrity, and suppresses fungal growth. Antifungal agent 160 can be used for the research of fungal infection.
    Antifungal agent 160
  • HY-B0757AR
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate (Standard)
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate (Standard) is the analytical standard of (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate, vitamin E - nicotinate, is an orally active fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is hydrolysed in the blood to α -tocopherol and niacin and may be used in studies of related vascular diseases[1][2].
    (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate (Standard)
  • HY-172201
    NF-κB-IN-19
    		Inducer
    NF-κB-IN-19 (Compound 8) is an NF-κB inhibitor. NF-κB-IN-19 effectively induces DNA damage, promotes the generation of ROS, and induces autophagy and apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway in tumor cells. In addition, NF-κB-IN-19 can inhibit the levels of VEGF and HIF-1α, and exert antiproliferative activity in tumor cells through the PI3K/AKT and STAT-3 pathways. NF-κB-IN-19 can effectively overcome cisplatin resistance and has anti-tumor activity.
    NF-κB-IN-19
  • HY-W017611S
    4-Propylphenol-d12
    		Activator
    4-Propylphenol-d12 is the deuterium labeled 4-Propylphenol. 4-Propylphenol is a plant-derived phenolic compound. 4-Propylphenol causes an increase in ROS within the Fusarium graminearum cells, leading to damage to the DNA and cell membranes of the mycelia, effectively inhibiting the growth of the mycelia. 4-Propylphenol also has a growth inhibitory effect on walnut pathogenic fungi (C. gloeosporioides, C. siamense, A. alternata), with its EC50 ranging from 29.11 to 31.89 mg/L, and it also inhibits spore germination, with EC50 being 55.04-71.85 mg/L. 4-Propylphenol can be used in the research of fungal diseases in walnuts and wheat Fusarium head blight.
    4-Propylphenol-d<sub>12</sub>
  • HY-182003
    Anticancer agent 308
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 308 is an AKT inhibitor with antitumor activity. Anticancer agent 308 reduces total AKT protein levels, thereby inhibiting the pro-survival PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Anticancer agent 308 induces apoptosis, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, promotes ROS accumulation in mitochondria, and induces cell cycle arrest. Anticancer agent 308 inhibits cancer cell migration. Anticancer agent 308 is applicable to research related to breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Anticancer agent 308
  • HY-N7155
    2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene
    		Inhibitor
    2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene is a dihydrophenanthrene derivative that can be isolated from the air-dried whole plant of Pholidota chinensis Lindl.. 2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene shows potent activities of IC50 at 16.2 μM in DPPH radical-scavenging assay.
    2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene
  • HY-173023
    IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1
    		Inducer
    IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1 (Compound 10) is an IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug. IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1 inhibits IDO expression. IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1 induces apoptosis, decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion. IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1 induces reactive oxygen species-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and secretion of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thereby presenting immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects. IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1 has high-efficiency and low-toxicity antitumor effects compared to Cisplatin (HY-17394).
    IDOi-Pt(IV) prodrug-1
  • HY-178038
    Tubulin-IN-56
    		Inhibitor
    Tubulin-IN-56 is a tubulin inhibitor. Tubulin-IN-56 exerts cytotoxic effects against colon cancer cell lines (LS180, HCT116, SW620, LoVo). Tubulin-IN-56 downregulates βIII-tubulin and upregulates βIVa-tubulin in colon cancer cell lines. Tubulin-IN-56 inhibits cell invasiveness and elevates intracellular ROS levels in colon cancer cell lines. Tubulin-IN-56 can be used for the study of colon cancer.
    Tubulin-IN-56
  • HY-162310
    Anticancer agent 193
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 193 (compound D3-3) is an inducer of ferritinophagy, eventually triggering ferroptosis. Anticancer agent 193 induces the production of lipid ROS, and significantly promoted colorectal cancer cells to release the ferrous ion in an autophagy-dependent manner.
    Anticancer agent 193
  • HY-119502R
    Camalexin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Camalexin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Camalexin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Camalexin is a phytoalexin isolated from Camelina sativa (Cruciferae) with antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and anticancer activities. Camalexin can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production[1][2][3].
    Camalexin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity