2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-155203
    Anticancer agent 154
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 154 (Compound 8h) increases the levels of reactive oxygen species and leads to mitochondrial damage. Anticancer agent 154 induces cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Anticancer agent 154 also induces ferroptosis by reducing the GSH level and GPX4 expression and increasing the lipid peroxidation level. Anticancer agent 154 inhibits cancer cell (HT29, H1975, A549, and MCF-7) proliferation with IC50s of 1.0-1.9 μM.
    Anticancer agent 154
  • HY-146390
    Antiproliferative agent-5
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-5 (compound 4o) can significantly and irreversibly inhibit proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Antiproliferative agent-5 causes the G2/M phase arrest, and induces ROS accumulation and activation of autophagy. Antiproliferative agent-5 can be used for researching anticancer.
    Antiproliferative agent-5
  • HY-P11140
    KSL-W
    		Inhibitor
    KSL-W is a multifunctional antibacterial peptide with immune regulatory function. KSL-W has a chemotactic effect on neutrophils. KSL-W can induce neutrophil F-actin polymerization dependent on the Gαi protein signaling pathway. KSL-W can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils. KSL-W can be used for research on infection control and inflammation regulation.
    KSL-W
  • HY-181110
    MAO-A-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-A-IN-4 is a highly selective and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), with an IC50 of 0.06 μM against hMAO-A. MAO-A-IN-4 exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and antidepressant activities. MAO-A-IN-4 possesses favorable ADME properties and is suitable for research related to depression.
    MAO-A-IN-4
  • HY-180245
    STAT3-IN-51
    		Activator
    STAT3-IN-51 is a STAT3 inhibitor that directly binds to the STAT3 SH2 domain. STAT3-IN-51 induces apoptosis, ferroptosis, and immunogenic cell death (ICD) to potentiate anti-tumor immunity. STAT3-IN-51 inhibits STAT3 activation (phosphorylation, p-STAT3) and its downstream signaling. STAT3-IN-51 induces ROS generation, decreases Bcl-2 expression, disruptes mitochondrial function, suppresses GPX4 activity, and promotes lipid peroxidation. STAT3-IN-51 can be used for the study of colorectal carcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and Cisplatin (HY-17394)-resistant pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
    STAT3-IN-51
  • HY-174411
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-82
    		Activator
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-82 is a tubulin inhibitor. Tubulin polymerization-IN-82 inhibits cell migration and invasion, and triggers cell apoptosis through the mitochondria and ER stress mediated pathway. Tubulin polymerization-IN-82 exhibits antitumor activity against drug resistance cancer cells, and inhibits tumor growth, can be used for liver cancer research.
    Tubulin polymerization-IN-82
  • HY-172892
    PI3K-IN-59
    		Inhibitor
    PI3K-IN-59 (Compound 3d) is a PI3K inhibitor (IC50: 17.44 μM). PI3K-IN-59 has significant antiproliferative activity and exhibits potent inhibitory effects on breast cancer 4T1 cells (IC50: 3.70 μM) and colon cancer CT26 cells (IC50: 1.98 μM) as well as human breast cancer cells (IC50: 19.72 μM). PI3K-IN-59 exerts a dual anti-tumor mechanism by inhibiting PI3Kα enzymatic activity and triggering the Fenton reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH). PI3K-IN-59 shows promising anti-4T1 tumor effects and is suitable for synergistic targeting studies in breast and colon cancers.
    PI3K-IN-59
  • HY-B1204S2
    Histamine-13C5, 15N3
    Histamine-13C5, 15N3 (Ergamine-13C5, 15N3) is the 13C and 15N labeled isotope of Histamine (HY-B1204). Histamine is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>, <sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-179054
    Apoptosis inducer 51
    		Activator
    Apoptosis inducer 51 (Compound 5d) is an apoptosis inducer. Apoptosis inducer 51 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against MDA-MB-231 cells. Apoptosis inducer 51 inhibits cell invasion and migration, induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Apoptosis inducer 51 causes DNA damage, ROS burst and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse. Apoptosis inducer 51 can be used for the study of triple-negative breast cancer.
    Apoptosis inducer 51
  • HY-N3027R
    Soyasaponin Aa (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Soyasaponin Aa (Standard) is the analytical standard of Soyasaponin Aa (HY-N3027). Soyasaponin Aa is a soyasaponin that can be found in soy. Soyasaponin Aa suppresses PPARγ transcriptional activity, reduces PPARγ and C/EBPα expression, inhibits adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, and reduces adipogenic marker gene expression. Soyasaponin Aa reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde levels. Soyasaponin Aa exhibits cellular antioxidant activity. Soyasaponin Aa can be used for the research of obesity.
    Soyasaponin Aa (Standard)
  • HY-W758386
    4-Methoxyestradiol-d5
    4-Methoxyestradiol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 4-Methoxyestradiol (HY-148296). 4-Methoxyestradiol is methoxylestradiol that induces oxidative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells. 4-Methoxyestradiol also elevates ROS and SOD activities in H1355 cells.
    4-Methoxyestradiol-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-183289
    Ferroptosis-IN-25
    		Inhibitor
    Ferroptosis-IN-25, Trolox (HY-101445) derivative, is a selective ferroptosis inhibitor. Ferroptosis-IN-25 selectively inhibits ferroptosis by scavenging ROS and suppressing lipid peroxidation independently of glutathion. Ferroptosis-IN-25 reduces corneal neovascularization and edema in murine corneal alkali burn models via topical administration.Ferroptosis-IN-25 can be used for the research of ocular surface diseases.
    Ferroptosis-IN-25
  • HY-N0683S1
    2-ambo-Vitamin E-13C3
    		Inhibitor
    α-Vitamin E-13C3 is the 13C-labeled α-Vitamin E. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant.
    2-ambo-Vitamin E-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N4278
    Huangjiangsu A
    Huangjiangsu A, pseudoprotodioscin, methyl protobioside, protodioscin, and protodeltonin, isolated from D. villosa. Huangjiangsu A has hepatoprotective potential against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and ROS generation and could be promising as potential therapeutic agents for liver diseases.
    Huangjiangsu A
  • HY-17402S
    Nisoldipine-d6
    Nisoldipine-d6 is the deuterium labeled Nisoldipine. Nisoldipine(BAY-k 5552; Sular) is a calcium channel blocker belonging to the dihydropyridines class, specific for L-type Cav1.2 with an IC50 of 10 nM.
    Nisoldipine-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-159515
    PBE-AMF
    		Activator
    PBE-AMF is a prodrug that activates H2O2 with anticancer activity. PBE-AMF impedes tumor proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis, reducing ATP levels, inducing apoptosis, and arresting the cell cycle. PBE-AMF potently and selectively inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50=6.4 μM) while sparing non-cancerous MCF-10A cells.
    PBE-AMF
  • HY-180336
    LM9
    		Inhibitor
    LM9 is a potent, orally active MyD88 inhibitor. LM9 blocks TLR4/MyD88 binding, MyD88 homodimer formation, and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. LM9 prevents atherosclerosis by regulating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in macrophages. LM9 efficiently mitigates inflammatory responses and fibrosis in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. LM9 can be used for fibrosis and atherosclerosis research.
    LM9
  • HY-168030
    hCAIX-IN-23
    hCAIX-IN-23 (Compound 27) is a human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitor with Ki values of 10.4 and 8.5 nM for hCA IX and hCA XII, respectively. In addition to inhibiting hCA activity, hCAIX-IN-23 releases NO, exhibiting dual antitumor activity. hCAIX-IN-23 induces apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial caspase activity and the ferroptosis pathway (ferroptosis) through the downregulation of hCA IX and iron-regulatory protein expression. hCAIX-IN-23 is useful for renal cancer research.
    hCAIX-IN-23
  • HY-180807
    MAPK-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    MAPK-IN-6 (compound 116B) is a CNS-penetrant compound that inhibits the MAPK signaling pathway. MAPK-IN-6 reduces oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells by reducing ROS, restoring mitochondrial function, and inhibiting MAPK-driven inflammation. MAPK-IN-6 demonstrates profound neuroprotective efficacy in a rat tBCCAO/R model via ERK-P38-JNK signaling. MAPK-IN-6 can be used as a neuroprotective agent in ischemic stroke research.
    MAPK-IN-6
  • HY-129765
    Thiobenzanilide 63T
    		Inducer
    Thiobenzanilide 63T (63T) is a small molecule that selectively induces cancer cell death in a caspase-independent pathway. Thiobenzanilide 63T induces reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Thiobenzanilide 63T demonstrates strong cytotoxic activity against a lung-derived cancer cell line. Thiobenzanilide 63T decreases the expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1) in A549 cells.
    Thiobenzanilide 63T
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity