Garcinone C
Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Garcinone C, a xanthone derivative, is a natural compound extracted from Garcinia oblongifolia that is used as an anti-inflammatory, astringency and granulation-promoting medicine, and has potential cytotoxic effects on certain cancers. Garcinone C stimulates the expression levels of ATR and 4E-BP1, arrests the cell cycle, inhibits cell viability of the human Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines CNE1, CNE2, HK1 and HONE1 in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner through inhibition of Hedgehog signaling pathway. Garcinone C is orally active.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.51%
- CAS No.: 76996-27-5
- Formula: C23H26O7
- Molecular Weight:414.45
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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HY-N6954R
Garcinone C (Standard)CDK Inhibitor -
HY-139039
BSJ-4-116PROTAC CDK12 Degrader -
HY-138946
XY028-140CDK4/6 PROTAC -
HY-130709
PROTAC CDK2/9 Degrader-1PROTAC CDK2/9 Degrader -
HY-129180
XY028-133CDK4/6 PROTAC Degrader -
HY-144981
HQ461Cyclin K Degrader -
HY-15241
NVP-LCQ195CDK Inhibitor -
HY-16462
CDK9-IN-2CDK9 Inhibitor -
HY-13033
CDK-IN-2CDK Inhibitor -
HY-13231
CDK9-IN-1CDK9 Inhibitor -
HY-13231R
CDK9-IN-1 (Standard)CDK9 Inhibitor
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Garcinone C
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Customer Validation & Images
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WB
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ELISA
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RT-PCR
Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
ATR |
Stat-3 |
CDK7 |
In Vitro
Garcinone C (1-5 μg/mL; 24 h-2 weeks) inhibits the the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK6, increases the expression of p21, arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, inhibits the colony formation of HT29[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:HT29
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Concentration:0.3-3 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Reduced the expression of cyclin D1/E and CDK6, increased the expression of p21.
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Cell Line:HT29
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Concentration:1-5 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer mouse models[2]
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Dosage:10-50 mg/kg
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Administration:po, 5 days per week for 9 weeks
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Result:Reduced the number of colon tumors.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 76996-27-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 414.45
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Formula C23H26O7
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
CC(C)(O)CCC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(OC2=CC(O)=C(C/C=C(C)/C)C(O)=C23)=C1C3=O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (3)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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EMBO Rep
2025 Feb;26(3):635-655. PMID: 39747659
Garcinone C purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: EMBO Rep. 2025 Feb;26(3):635-655. [Abstract]
PD-L1 KO MDA-MB-231 cells were untreated (day 0), treated with NCS, and cultured with vehicle DMSO or Garcinone C for the indicated times, then subjected to western blotting.
Garcinone C purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: EMBO Rep. 2025 Feb;26(3):635-655. [Abstract]
WT and PD-L1 KO MDA-MB-231 cells were untreated (control) or treated with NCS and cultured for 5 days with or without Garcinone C, and concentrations of cellular cGAMP were analyzed using ELISA.
Garcinone C purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: EMBO Rep. 2025 Feb;26(3):635-655. [Abstract]
WT and PD-L1 KO MDA-MB-231 cells were untreated (control) or treated with NCS, cultured for 5 days with or without the indicated doses of Garcinone C (5, 10, 25 μM), and analyzed for the mRNA levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF using qRT-PCR.
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Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (241.28 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.03 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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RNA extraction experimental
By lysing cells, releasing RNA, and removing impurities such as proteins and DNA, high-purity RNA products are finally obtained. The commonly used traditional method is the guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform method (Trizol), which is suitable for a variety of animal materials including animal tissues, microorganisms, cultured cells, etc., and most plant materials.
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Flow cytometric DNA-content cell-cycle staining
Flow cytometric DNA-content cell-cycle staining measures the fluorescence intensity of DNA-bound fluorochromes in single cells or nuclei to estimate DNA content distributions, allowing assignment of populations to G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases by DNA histogram deconvolution. Propidium iodide (PI) intercalates into DNA, and PI fluorescence is proportional to cellular DNA content when staining is performed under conditions that make DNA accessible and minimize non-DNA signal. Cells with G2/M DNA content are expected to show approximately twice the fluorescence intensity of G0/G1 cells, while S-phase cells occupy intermediate fluorescence values. PI-based DNA-content analysis can also detect cells with fractional DNA content, often reported as sub-G1, when DNA fragmentation and extraction during staining reduce retained DNA signal in apoptotic cells. DAPI is an alternative DNA fluorochrome for univariate DNA-content analysis, while bivariate approaches combining DNA content with proliferation
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Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
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Mammalian live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining
Live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining assays are based on the simultaneous detection of intracellular esterase activity in metabolically active (viable) cells and membrane integrity loss in non-viable cells. In commonly used dual-staining approaches, membrane-permeant fluorogenic substrates are converted by intracellular esterases into fluorescent products in live cells, while impermeant DNA-binding dyes selectively enter cells with compromised plasma membranes and label nucleic acids in dead or dying cells, enabling discrimination between viable and non-viable populations by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry.
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BrdU Incorporation Assay
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay is based on the principle that BrdU, a thymidine analog, is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle, thereby serving as a marker of DNA replication and cellular proliferation. Incorporated BrdU can be detected using anti-BrdU antibodies following DNA denaturation, enabling visualization or quantification of proliferating cells through immunochemical detection methods such as immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry.
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Human pluripotent stem cell neural induction and neuron differentiation
Human pluripotent stem cell neural induction can be achieved by blocking BMP and TGFβ/Activin/Nodal SMAD signaling, which suppresses non-neural differentiation and promotes early neuroectodermal identity; the expected readout is loss of pluripotency markers such as OCT4 and induction of neural markers such as PAX6, followed by neural progenitor and neuron marker acquisition during differentiation. This protocol uses dual-SMAD neural induction as the core induction method, followed by cortical neuron differentiation as a representative neuron differentiation model; published cortical protocols describe generation of cortical progenitors, temporally ordered cortical projection neurons, action-potential firing, synaptogenesis, and neural network formation over an approximately 80-day process.
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Protocol for Cell Cycle
Cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry measures DNA content in single cells to estimate the fraction of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases. Propidium iodide intercalates into DNA, and after RNA removal with RNase, fluorescence intensity reflects cellular DNA content: 2N cells are assigned to G0/G1, cells between 2N and 4N to S phase, and 4N cells to G2/M. DNA-content analysis alone cannot reliably separate G0 from G1 or G2 from M. Ki-67 can distinguish quiescent G0 cells from cycling cells, EdU or BrdU incorporation marks active DNA synthesis in S phase, and phospho-histone H3 staining identifies mitotic cells within the 4N population.
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CCK-8/WST-8 Cell Proliferation Assay
The CCK-8/WST-8 assay is based on the reduction of the water-soluble tetrazolium salt WST-8 to a water-soluble formazan product by cellular dehydrogenases in metabolically active cells, where the generated formazan amount is proportional to the number of living cells and is quantified by measuring absorbance in the visible range, providing a colorimetric readout for cell viability and proliferation assessment. This class of tetrazolium-based assays improves upon earlier MTT-based systems by producing a water-soluble formazan, eliminating the need for organic solubilization steps and enabling direct spectrophotometric measurement in culture medium.
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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MTT Cell Proliferation Assay
The MTT assay is a colorimetric endpoint assay for estimating viable cell number, cell growth, cytotoxicity, or cell activation in cultured mammalian cells. Living cells reduce the yellow tetrazolium salt MTT into purple/blue formazan, while dead cells do not generate the same signal; the resulting color can be quantified with a multiwell spectrophotometer. MTT reduction is commonly interpreted as a readout of metabolic activity that often correlates with viable cell number, but it should not be treated as a direct cell-counting method unless the assay is optimized for the cell type and experimental condition. Studies show that MTT reduction can involve mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial reducing systems, and formazan may accumulate in intracellular lipid droplets rather than simply marking mitochondria.
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Xia Y, et al. Garcinone C exerts antitumor activity by modulating the expression of ATR/Stat3/4E BP1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep. 2018 Mar;39(3):1485-1493. [Content Brief]
[2]. Chen J, et al., Garcinone C suppresses colon tumorigenesis through the Gli1-dependent hedgehog signaling pathway. Phytomedicine. 2020 Dec;79:153334. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.4128 mL | 12.0642 mL | 24.1284 mL | 60.3209 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4826 mL | 2.4128 mL | 4.8257 mL | 12.0642 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2413 mL | 1.2064 mL | 2.4128 mL | 6.0321 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1609 mL | 0.8043 mL | 1.6086 mL | 4.0214 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1206 mL | 0.6032 mL | 1.2064 mL | 3.0160 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0965 mL | 0.4826 mL | 0.9651 mL | 2.4128 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0804 mL | 0.4021 mL | 0.8043 mL | 2.0107 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0603 mL | 0.3016 mL | 0.6032 mL | 1.5080 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0483 mL | 0.2413 mL | 0.4826 mL | 1.2064 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0402 mL | 0.2011 mL | 0.4021 mL | 1.0053 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0302 mL | 0.1508 mL | 0.3016 mL | 0.7540 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0241 mL | 0.1206 mL | 0.2413 mL | 0.6032 mL |
Garcinone C Related Classifications
HY-N6954 Related Classifications
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