Gallic acid
Based on 18 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.99%
- CAS No.: 149-91-7
- Formula: C7H6O5
- Molecular Weight:170.12
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Storage:
Store at room temperature 3 years.
In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Gallic acid
More- Biomaterials. 2021 Aug:275:120952. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2026 May 14:157:158292. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Aug:144:156486. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156484. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
- Pharmaceutics. 2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 Mar 1:358:120957. [Abstract]
- Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2025 Jun 13;15(1):39. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Jul 5:926:175041. [Abstract]
- Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2025 Dec:215:106655. [Abstract]
- Plants. 2021 Nov 20;10(11):2525. [Abstract]
- Oncol Res. 2025 May 29;33(6):1473-1484. [Abstract]
- J Sep Sci. 2026 Apr;49(4):e70402. [Abstract]
- J Immunol Res. 2022 May 23;2022:7909971. [Abstract]
- J Appl Toxicol. 2023 Feb;43(2):287-297. [Abstract]
- Arch Oral Biol. 2025 Jun:174:106237. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2024 Aug 26.
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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ELISA
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WB
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RT-PCR
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IHC
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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COX-2 |
Microbial Metabolite |
Human Endogenous Metabolite |
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Cell Line
|
Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A549 | IC50 |
0.4 mM
Compound: Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by FMCA assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by FMCA assay
|
[PMID: 27162124] |
| A549 | IC50 |
0.4 mM
Compound: Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by luminescence-based ATP assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by luminescence-based ATP assay
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[PMID: 27162124] |
| A549 | IC50 |
0.4 mM
Compound: Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 27162124] |
| A549 | IC50 |
100 μM
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
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Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells
|
[PMID: 23291333] |
| BV-2 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 27
|
Inhibition of iNOS-mediated NO production in LPS-induced mouse BV2 cells
Inhibition of iNOS-mediated NO production in LPS-induced mouse BV2 cells
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[PMID: 18926710] |
| Calu-6 | IC50 |
10 μM
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
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Cytotoxicity against human Calu6 cells
Cytotoxicity against human Calu6 cells
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[PMID: 23291333] |
| CCRF-CEM | CC50 |
>250 μM
Compound: 1
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Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation
Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation
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[PMID: 25617695] |
| CCRF-CEM | EC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 1
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Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human CEM cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathicity after 4 to 5 days by microscopy based syncytium cell formation assay
Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human CEM cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathicity after 4 to 5 days by microscopy based syncytium cell formation assay
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[PMID: 25617695] |
| CCRF-CEM | EC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 1
|
Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human CEM cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathicity after 4 to 5 days by microscopy based syncytium cell formation assay
Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human CEM cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathicity after 4 to 5 days by microscopy based syncytium cell formation assay
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[PMID: 25617695] |
| CCRF-CEM | IC50 |
>200 μM
Compound: GA
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Cytotoxicity against human CCRF-CEM cells after 48 hrs by neutral red assay
Cytotoxicity against human CCRF-CEM cells after 48 hrs by neutral red assay
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[PMID: 24568614] |
| CCRF-CEM | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 0, Gallic acid
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Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 18295493] |
| CCRF-CEM | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 0, Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 18295493] |
| Epithelial cell | IC50 |
>20 μg/mL
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against rat epithelial cells
Cytotoxicity against rat epithelial cells
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[PMID: 23291333] |
| Erythrocyte | IC50 |
0.59 mM
Compound: 18
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Anticomplement activity in sheep erythrocytes assessed as concentration required for 50% hemolytic inhibition by classic pathway pretreated for 10 mins with guinea pig serum followed by erythrocyte addition measured after 30 mins by spectrophotometeric me
Anticomplement activity in sheep erythrocytes assessed as concentration required for 50% hemolytic inhibition by classic pathway pretreated for 10 mins with guinea pig serum followed by erythrocyte addition measured after 30 mins by spectrophotometeric me
|
[PMID: 29631958] |
| Erythrocyte | IC50 |
0.74 mM
Compound: 18
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Anticomplement activity in rabbit erythrocytes assessed as concentration required for 50% hemolytic inhibition by alternative pathway pretreated for 10 mins with normal human serum followed by erythrocyte addition measured after 30 mins by spectrophotomet
Anticomplement activity in rabbit erythrocytes assessed as concentration required for 50% hemolytic inhibition by alternative pathway pretreated for 10 mins with normal human serum followed by erythrocyte addition measured after 30 mins by spectrophotomet
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[PMID: 29631958] |
| Fibroblast | IC50 |
>20 μg/mL
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
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Cytotoxicity against rat fibroblast cells
Cytotoxicity against rat fibroblast cells
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[PMID: 23291333] |
| HCT-116 | IC50 |
41.8 μg/mL
Compound: Gallic acid
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Anticancer activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
Anticancer activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 32731188] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
26.3 μg/mL
Compound: Gallic acid
|
Anticancer activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
Anticancer activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 32731188] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
358 μM
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
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Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells
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[PMID: 23291333] |
| HL-60 | IC50 |
3.2 μg/mL
Compound: gallic acid
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Antioxidant activity in human HL60 cells assessed as reduction of cytochrome-c release
Antioxidant activity in human HL60 cells assessed as reduction of cytochrome-c release
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[PMID: 10650074] |
| HL-60 | IC50 |
300 μM
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
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Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells
Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells
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[PMID: 23291333] |
| HUVEC | IC50 |
>294 μM
Compound: 8
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Cytotoxicity against HUVEC cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by fluorescence based assay
Cytotoxicity against HUVEC cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by fluorescence based assay
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[PMID: 37122550] |
| K562 | IC50 |
33 μM
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
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Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells
Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells
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[PMID: 23291333] |
| K562 | IC50 |
4.75 μM
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against human imatinib-resistant K562 cells
Cytotoxicity against human imatinib-resistant K562 cells
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[PMID: 23291333] |
| KB | IC50 |
13.2 μg/mL
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
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Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
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[PMID: 23291333] |
| L1210 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 0, Gallic acid
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Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 18295493] |
| L1210 | IC50 |
50 μM
Compound: 0, Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 18295493] |
| L929 | IC50 |
250 μM
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells
Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells
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[PMID: 23291333] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
17.4 μM
Compound: Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against human ER-positive MCF7 cells assessed as decrease in cell proliferation at 12.5 to 100 uM incubated for 24 hrs
Cytotoxicity against human ER-positive MCF7 cells assessed as decrease in cell proliferation at 12.5 to 100 uM incubated for 24 hrs
|
[PMID: 33711444] |
| P388 | ED50 |
0.7 μg/mL
Compound: Gallic acid
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Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells
Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells
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[PMID: 3404159] |
| P388D1 | IC50 |
282 μM
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against human P388D1 cells
Cytotoxicity against human P388D1 cells
|
[PMID: 23291333] |
| PLC-PRF-5 | IC50 |
387 μM
Compound: GA, Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against human PLC/PRF/5 cells
Cytotoxicity against human PLC/PRF/5 cells
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[PMID: 23291333] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 13
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Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by by Griess assay
Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by by Griess assay
|
[PMID: 31419126] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
631.6 μM
Compound: gallic acid
|
Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in nitrite level within 24 hrs by Griess reagent method
Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in nitrite level within 24 hrs by Griess reagent method
|
[PMID: 22560043] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
69.25 μM
Compound: 3a
|
Antagonist activity at TLR2 in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as PAM3CSK4-induced NO production measured after 24 hrs by Griess assay
Antagonist activity at TLR2 in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as PAM3CSK4-induced NO production measured after 24 hrs by Griess assay
|
[PMID: 31255924] |
| Vero | IC50 |
>1 μM
Compound: 0, Gallic acid
|
Cytotoxicity against african green monkey VERO cells
Cytotoxicity against african green monkey VERO cells
|
[PMID: 18295493] |
| Vero | IC50 |
>299 μM
Compound: 0, Gallic acid
|
Genotoxicity against african green monkey VERO cells
Genotoxicity against african green monkey VERO cells
|
[PMID: 18295493] |
Gallic acid is an antioxidant which can inhibit both COX-2[1]. After 18 h treatment with Gallic acid, the number of viable neutrophils is dramatically decreased from 40.3% to 27.7%, highly comparable with 26.4% for untreated neutrophils. Gallic acid fails to attenuate isoproterenol-induced myocytolysis[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 149-91-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 170.12
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Formula C7H6O5
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1
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Synonyms
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Store at room temperature 3 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (18)
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Journal Impact Factor
-
Most Recent
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Biomaterials
Polyphenol-assisted facile assembly of bioactive nanoparticles for targeted therapy of heart diseases. [Abstract]2021 Aug:275:120952. PMID: 34147720 -
Phytomedicine
Cinchonain Ia inhibits uric acid reabsorption by binding to the TRP-459 residue of the GLUT9 protein. [Abstract]2026 May 14:157:158292. PMID: 42176511 -
Phytomedicine
Apigenin suppresses keratinocyte hyperproliferation and inflammation in psoriasis by inhibiting CDK2/E2F2 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Aug:144:156486. PMID: 40516287 -
Phytomedicine
Fangchinoline suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting SQLE to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway dysregulation. [Abstract]2025 May:140:156484. PMID: 40090046 -
Food Chem
Discovery of novel ascorbic acid derivatives and other metabolites in fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt through untargeted metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking. [Abstract]2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. PMID: 36370576 -
J Transl Med
Gallic acid alleviates exercise-induced muscle damage by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress and ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. PMID: 39780143
Gallic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Sirius red staining revealed that after intervention with the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 or Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.), the muscle fibers were more orderly arranged, and some muscle cells exhibited mild edema and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration.
Gallic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
Detection of IL-6, TNF-α, CK, LDH, Fe2+ and MDA levels significantly reduced treated with Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) in skeletal muscle tissue by ELISA.
Gallic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
After Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) intervention, both Piezo1 and COX2 were significantly decreased, and the expression of GPX4 and FTH1 was increased by Western blot.
Gallic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
Detection of Piezo1, GPX4, FTH1 and COX2 mRNA levels treated with Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) in skeletal muscle tissue by RT-qPCR.
Gallic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
Immunohistochemical detection of Piezo1 and GPX4 expression treated with Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) in skeletal muscle tissue of different groups of mice.
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Pharmaceutics
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1. [Abstract]2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. PMID: 38931873
Gallic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmaceutics. 2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. [Abstract]
A549 cells were pre-treated with active compounds (Gallic acid, Chebulagic acid, and Chebulinic acid) (0–20 µg/mL) for 24 h. Then, the cells were exposed to CoV2-SP (100 ng/mL) for 3 h. The IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B), and IL-18 secretions (C) in the culture supernatant were examined by ELISA.
Gallic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmaceutics. 2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. [Abstract]
Inhibitory effects of active compounds (Gallic acid, Chebulagic acid and Chebulinic acid) on the IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B), IL-18 (C), and NLRP3 gene expressions (D) in CoV2-SP-induced A549 cells. A549 cells were pre-treated with active compounds (gallic acid, chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid) (0–20 µg/mL) for 24 h. Then, the cells were exposed to CoV2-SP (100 ng/mL) for 3 h. The mRNA expressions were determined using RT-qPCR.
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J Ethnopharmacol
Duhuo Jisheng decoction alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis via gallic acid-mediated downregulation of HIF-1α. [Abstract]2026 Mar 1:358:120957. PMID: 41317810 -
Nat Prod Bioprospect
Exploring anti-SARS-CoV-2 natural products: dual-viral target inhibition by delphinidin and the anti-coronaviral efficacy of deapio platycodin D. [Abstract]2025 Jun 13;15(1):39. PMID: 40512442 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Laccase-mediated functionalization of natamycin by gallic acids for the therapeutic effect on Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. [Abstract]2022 Jul 5:926:175041. PMID: 35597265 -
Pestic Biochem Physiol
Mechanistic insights into chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid as novel juvenile hormone antagonists. [Abstract]2025 Dec:215:106655. PMID: 41162045 -
Plants
Metabolites of Prickly Rose: Chemodiversity and Digestive-Enzyme-Inhibiting Potential of Rosa acicularis and the Main Ellagitannin Rugosin D. [Abstract]2021 Nov 20;10(11):2525. PMID: 34834888 -
Oncol Res
Gallic acid suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity through IL-6/STAT3/Notch pathway. [Abstract]2025 May 29;33(6):1473-1484. PMID: 40486873 -
J Sep Sci
Oriented Immobilization Coupled With Ligand Fishing Strategy for Rapid Discovery of Direct HMGB1 Inhibitors in Taxus wallichiana var. mairei. [Abstract]2026 Apr;49(4):e70402. PMID: 41906428 -
J Immunol Res
Low-Dose Gallic Acid Administration Does Not Improve Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders and Atherosclerosis in Apoe Knockout Mice. [Abstract]2022 May 23;2022:7909971. PMID: 35652108 -
J Appl Toxicol
Evaluation of the effect of green tea and its constituents on embryo development in a zebrafish model. [Abstract]2023 Feb;43(2):287-297. PMID: 35982029 -
Arch Oral Biol
Gallic acid promotes M2 macrophage polarization through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in periodontitis. [Abstract]2025 Jun:174:106237. PMID: 40107001 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (587.82 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 8.33 mg/mL (48.97 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.70 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.70 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: Corn Oil
Solubility: 20 mg/mL (117.56 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
Neutrophils are treated with 8?μg/mL Gallic acid in RPMI1640/10% FBS for 3, 6, 9, and 18?h. At the end of Gallic acid treatment, the cells are stained with Annexin V-FITC and PI according to manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, the cells are washed twice with ice-cold PBS and resuspended in 1× Binding Buffer at a concentration of 1×106 cells/mL. Cell suspensions (1×105 cells in 100?μL) are incubated with 5?μL of Annexin V-FITC and 10?μL PI in a 5?mL culture tube at room temperature for 20?min. The stained cells are immediately analyzed on flow cytometry system[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice are used in this study. The animals are maintained in a temperature-controlled room at 22° C on a 12 h light-dark photocycle. The mice are divided into the control vehicle group and the Gallic acid group. For 2 weeks, the mice are administered intraperitoneal treatment on a daily basis with vehicle (10% alcohol, 10% tween 80, and 80% saline) alone or with 10 mg/kg Gallic acid. After this treatment, GTTs are again conducted, and the blood samples are taken for subsequent biochemical analysis. Over the experimental period, food intake and body weight are measured on a daily basis[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (281 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Amaravani M, et al. COX-2 structural analysis and docking studies with gallic acid structural analogues. Springerplus. 2012 Dec;1(1):58. [Content Brief]
[2]. Bak EJ, et al. Gallic acid improves glucose tolerance and triglyceride concentration in diet-induced obesity mice. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2013 Dec;73(8):607-14. [Content Brief]
[3]. Cheng Y, et al. Plant Natural Products Calycosin and Gallic Acid Synergistically Attenuate Neutrophil Infiltration and Subsequent Injury in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction: A Possible Role for Leukotriene B4 12-Hydroxydehydrogenase? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:434052. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 5.8782 mL | 29.3910 mL | 58.7820 mL | 146.9551 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.1756 mL | 5.8782 mL | 11.7564 mL | 29.3910 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5878 mL | 2.9391 mL | 5.8782 mL | 14.6955 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3919 mL | 1.9594 mL | 3.9188 mL | 9.7970 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2939 mL | 1.4696 mL | 2.9391 mL | 7.3478 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2351 mL | 1.1756 mL | 2.3513 mL | 5.8782 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1959 mL | 0.9797 mL | 1.9594 mL | 4.8985 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1470 mL | 0.7348 mL | 1.4696 mL | 3.6739 mL | |
| DMSO | 50 mM | 0.1176 mL | 0.5878 mL | 1.1756 mL | 2.9391 mL |
| 60 mM | 0.0980 mL | 0.4899 mL | 0.9797 mL | 2.4493 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0735 mL | 0.3674 mL | 0.7348 mL | 1.8369 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0588 mL | 0.2939 mL | 0.5878 mL | 1.4696 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.