Gallic acid hydrate
Based on 18 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.87%
- CAS No.: 5995-86-8
- Formula: C7H8O6
- Molecular Weight:188.13
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Gallic acid hydrate
More- Biomaterials. 2021 Aug:275:120952. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2026 May 14:157:158292. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Aug:144:156486. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156484. [Abstract]
- Food Chem. 2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
- Pharmaceutics. 2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 Mar 1:358:120957. [Abstract]
- Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2025 Jun 13;15(1):39. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Jul 5:926:175041. [Abstract]
- Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2025 Dec:215:106655. [Abstract]
- Plants. 2021 Nov 20;10(11):2525. [Abstract]
- Oncol Res. 2025 May 29;33(6):1473-1484. [Abstract]
- J Sep Sci. 2026 Apr;49(4):e70402. [Abstract]
- J Immunol Res. 2022 May 23;2022:7909971. [Abstract]
- J Appl Toxicol. 2023 Feb;43(2):287-297. [Abstract]
- Arch Oral Biol. 2025 Jun:174:106237. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2024 Aug 26.
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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ELISA
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WB
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RT-PCR
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IHC
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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COX-2 |
Microbial Metabolite |
Gallic acid is an antioxidant which can inhibit both COX-2[1]. After 18 h treatment with Gallic acid, the number of viable neutrophils is dramatically decreased from 40.3% to 27.7%, highly comparable with 26.4% for untreated neutrophils. Gallic acid fails to attenuate isoproterenol-induced myocytolysis[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 5995-86-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 188.13
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Formula C7H8O6
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1.O
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Synonyms
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid hydrate
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (18)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Biomaterials
Polyphenol-assisted facile assembly of bioactive nanoparticles for targeted therapy of heart diseases. [Abstract]2021 Aug:275:120952. PMID: 34147720 -
Phytomedicine
Cinchonain Ia inhibits uric acid reabsorption by binding to the TRP-459 residue of the GLUT9 protein. [Abstract]2026 May 14:157:158292. PMID: 42176511 -
Phytomedicine
Apigenin suppresses keratinocyte hyperproliferation and inflammation in psoriasis by inhibiting CDK2/E2F2 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Aug:144:156486. PMID: 40516287 -
Phytomedicine
Fangchinoline suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting SQLE to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway dysregulation. [Abstract]2025 May:140:156484. PMID: 40090046 -
Food Chem
Discovery of novel ascorbic acid derivatives and other metabolites in fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt through untargeted metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking. [Abstract]2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. PMID: 36370576 -
J Transl Med
Gallic acid alleviates exercise-induced muscle damage by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress and ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. PMID: 39780143
Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Sirius red staining revealed that after intervention with the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 or Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.), the muscle fibers were more orderly arranged, and some muscle cells exhibited mild edema and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration.
Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
Detection of IL-6, TNF-α, CK, LDH, Fe2+ and MDA levels significantly reduced treated with Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) in skeletal muscle tissue by ELISA.
Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
After Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) intervention, both Piezo1 and COX2 were significantly decreased, and the expression of GPX4 and FTH1 was increased by Western blot.
Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
Detection of Piezo1, GPX4, FTH1 and COX2 mRNA levels treated with Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) in skeletal muscle tissue by RT-qPCR.
Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]
Immunohistochemical detection of Piezo1 and GPX4 expression treated with Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) in skeletal muscle tissue of different groups of mice.
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Pharmaceutics
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1. [Abstract]2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. PMID: 38931873
Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmaceutics. 2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. [Abstract]
A549 cells were pre-treated with active compounds (Gallic acid, Chebulagic acid, and Chebulinic acid) (0–20 µg/mL) for 24 h. Then, the cells were exposed to CoV2-SP (100 ng/mL) for 3 h. The IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B), and IL-18 secretions (C) in the culture supernatant were examined by ELISA.
Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmaceutics. 2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. [Abstract]
Inhibitory effects of active compounds (Gallic acid, Chebulagic acid and Chebulinic acid) on the IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B), IL-18 (C), and NLRP3 gene expressions (D) in CoV2-SP-induced A549 cells. A549 cells were pre-treated with active compounds (gallic acid, chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid) (0–20 µg/mL) for 24 h. Then, the cells were exposed to CoV2-SP (100 ng/mL) for 3 h. The mRNA expressions were determined using RT-qPCR.
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J Ethnopharmacol
Duhuo Jisheng decoction alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis via gallic acid-mediated downregulation of HIF-1α. [Abstract]2026 Mar 1:358:120957. PMID: 41317810 -
Nat Prod Bioprospect
Exploring anti-SARS-CoV-2 natural products: dual-viral target inhibition by delphinidin and the anti-coronaviral efficacy of deapio platycodin D. [Abstract]2025 Jun 13;15(1):39. PMID: 40512442 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Laccase-mediated functionalization of natamycin by gallic acids for the therapeutic effect on Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. [Abstract]2022 Jul 5:926:175041. PMID: 35597265 -
Pestic Biochem Physiol
Mechanistic insights into chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid as novel juvenile hormone antagonists. [Abstract]2025 Dec:215:106655. PMID: 41162045 -
Plants
Metabolites of Prickly Rose: Chemodiversity and Digestive-Enzyme-Inhibiting Potential of Rosa acicularis and the Main Ellagitannin Rugosin D. [Abstract]2021 Nov 20;10(11):2525. PMID: 34834888 -
Oncol Res
Gallic acid suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity through IL-6/STAT3/Notch pathway. [Abstract]2025 May 29;33(6):1473-1484. PMID: 40486873 -
J Sep Sci
Oriented Immobilization Coupled With Ligand Fishing Strategy for Rapid Discovery of Direct HMGB1 Inhibitors in Taxus wallichiana var. mairei. [Abstract]2026 Apr;49(4):e70402. PMID: 41906428 -
J Immunol Res
Low-Dose Gallic Acid Administration Does Not Improve Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders and Atherosclerosis in Apoe Knockout Mice. [Abstract]2022 May 23;2022:7909971. PMID: 35652108 -
J Appl Toxicol
Evaluation of the effect of green tea and its constituents on embryo development in a zebrafish model. [Abstract]2023 Feb;43(2):287-297. PMID: 35982029 -
Arch Oral Biol
Gallic acid promotes M2 macrophage polarization through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in periodontitis. [Abstract]2025 Jun:174:106237. PMID: 40107001 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (265.77 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.29 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.29 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Amaravani M, et al. COX-2 structural analysis and docking studies with gallic acid structural analogues. Springerplus. 2012 Dec;1(1):58. [Content Brief]
[2]. Bak EJ, et al. Gallic acid improves glucose tolerance and triglyceride concentration in diet-induced obesity mice. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2013 Dec;73(8):607-14. [Content Brief]
[3]. Cheng Y, et al. Plant Natural Products Calycosin and Gallic Acid Synergistically Attenuate Neutrophil Infiltration and Subsequent Injury in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction: A Possible Role for Leukotriene B4 12-Hydroxydehydrogenase? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:434052. [Content Brief]
[4]. Felipe Hugo Alencar Fernandes, et al. Gallic Acid: Review of the Methods of Determination and Quantification. Crit Rev Anal Chem [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 5.3155 mL | 26.5774 mL | 53.1547 mL | 132.8868 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0631 mL | 5.3155 mL | 10.6309 mL | 26.5774 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5315 mL | 2.6577 mL | 5.3155 mL | 13.2887 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3544 mL | 1.7718 mL | 3.5436 mL | 8.8591 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2658 mL | 1.3289 mL | 2.6577 mL | 6.6443 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2126 mL | 1.0631 mL | 2.1262 mL | 5.3155 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1772 mL | 0.8859 mL | 1.7718 mL | 4.4296 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1329 mL | 0.6644 mL | 1.3289 mL | 3.3222 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1063 mL | 0.5315 mL | 1.0631 mL | 2.6577 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0886 mL | 0.4430 mL | 0.8859 mL | 2.2148 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0664 mL | 0.3322 mL | 0.6644 mL | 1.6611 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0532 mL | 0.2658 mL | 0.5315 mL | 1.3289 mL |