Polygonaceae

Emodin (Frangula emodin), an anthraquinone derivative, is an anti-SARS-CoV compound. Emodin blocks the SARS coronavirus spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction. Emodin inhibits casein kinase-2 (CK2). Anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Emodin is a potent selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor with the IC₅₀ of 186 and 86 nM for human and mouse 11β-HSD1, respectively. Emodin ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced obese mice.

4-Methylumbelliferone is a hyaluronic acid biosynthesis inhibitor with antitumoral and antimetastatic effects.

(E/Z)-Polydatin ((E/Z)-Piceid) is a mixture of the E/Z configurations of Polydatin (HY-N0120A). Polydatin can be isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum, grapes, peanuts, red wine, hop pellets, cocoa-containing products and chocolate products. Polydatin exhibits multiple biological properties, such as anti-platelet aggregation, anti-low-density lipoprotein oxidation, cardioprotective activity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Polydatin shows favorable cytotoxic effects against various tumor cell lines, including cervical cancer cells, liver cancer cells, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Polydatin (Piceid), extracted from the roots of Reynoutria japonica, a widely used traditional Chinese remedies, possesses anti-inflammatory activity in several experimental models. Polydatin (Piceid) inhibits G6PD and induces oxidative and ER stresses.

Rhein is an anthraquinone compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects^[1].

Piceatannol is a well-known Syk inhibitor and reduces the expression of iNOS induced by TNF. Piceatannol is an effective agent for research of acute lung injury (ALI). Piceatannol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene found in various fruits and vegetables and exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Piceatannol induces apoptosis in DLBCL cell lines. Piceatannol induces autophagy and apoptosis in MOLT-4 human leukemia cells.

Cascaroside C is an anthraquinone compound. Cascaroside C can be isolated from the roots of Rheum emodi and Rhamnus purshianus DC.

Polygonolide is an orally active isocoumarin anti-inflammatory agent. Polygonolide is present in the roots of Polygonum hydropiper and Persicaria hydropiper. Polygonolide inhibits the reversed passive Arthus reaction in rats. Polygonolide can be used in studies related to immune complex-induced inflammation.

7-O-Methylherbacetin 3-rhamnoside (Compound 42) is a flavonoid compound. 7-O-Methylherbacetin 3-rhamnoside can be isolated from Atraphaxis pyrifolia.

Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.

Physcion (Parietin), an anthraquinone derivative derived from the traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb, is an effective oral active 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibitor with blood-brain barrier permeability, with IC₅₀ and K_d values of 38.5 μM and 26.0 μM, respectively. Additionally, Physcion is an inhibitor of the <>bTLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer effects, and can induce Apoptosis and Autophagy in cancer cells.

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside isolats from the roots of Polygonaceae species, inhibits the formation of 5-HETE, HHT and thromboxane B2. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside has hypotensive, anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective actions.

Fagomine is a mild glycosidase inhibitor. The K_i of the iminosugar Fagomine is 4.8 μM, 39 μM, and 70 μM for Amyloglucosidase (A.niger), β-Glucosidase (bovine), and Isomaltase (yeast), respectively.

Diacerein (Diacerhein), an orally active anthraquinone, reduces production of IL-1 converting enzyme then inhibits the activation of IL-1β by related downstream signaling. Diacerein is an anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic drug. Diacerein can relieve bronchospasm and control airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Diacerein has the potential for slow acting drug in osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) research.

Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α.

4-Methylumbelliferone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Methylumbelliferone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Methylumbelliferone is a hyaluronic acid biosynthesis inhibitor with antitumoral and antimetastatic effects.

Rhapontin (Rhaponiticin) is an orally aactive SIRT1 agonist and AMPK activator with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. Rhapontin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by activating SIRT1 and inhibits TGF-β/Smad signaling via the AMPK pathway. Rhapontin reduces intestinal and lung inflammation, inhibits fibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix deposition, and enhances tight junction protein expression to repair epithelial barriers. Rhapontin can be used in the study of inflammatory bowel diseases (such as ulcerative colitis) and pulmonary fibrosis.

Pinosylvin is a?pre-infectious stilbenoid toxin?isolated from the heartwood of Pinus species, has anti-bacterial activities. Pinosylvin is a resveratrol analogue, can induce cell apoptosis and autophapy in leukemia cells.

Resveratroloside (Resveratrol glycoside) is an orally active competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase. Resveratroloside has hypoglycemic and cardioprotective effects. Resveratroloside can be used for the research of diabetes and heart system diseases.

Polydatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Polydatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Polydatin (Piceid), extracted from the roots of Reynoutria japonica, a widely used traditional Chinese remedies, possesses anti-inflammatory activity in several experimental models. Polydatin (Piceid) inhibits G6PD and induces oxidative and ER stresses.