2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Neuronal Signaling
  4. Amyloid-β

Amyloid-β

β-amyloid peptide; Aβ; Abeta

Amyloid-β

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Amyloid-β (Aβ) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease as the main component of theamyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients. The peptides result from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is being cut by certain enzymes to yield Aβ. Amyloid-β molecules can aggregate to form flexible soluble oligomers which may exist in several forms. Amyloid-β peptide is due to overproduction of Aβ and/or the failure of clearance mechanisms. Amyloid-β self-aggregates into oligomers, which can be of various sizes, and forms diffuse and neuritic plaques in the parenchyma and blood vessels. Amyloid-β oligomers and plaques are potent synaptotoxins, block proteasome function, inhibit mitochondrial activity, alter intracellular Ca2+levels and stimulate inflammatory processes. Loss of the normal physiological functions of Aβ is also thought to contribute to neuronal dysfunction.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-Y0399S
    L-Norvaline-d5
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    L-Norvaline-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Norvaline. L-Norvaline is the inhibitor for arginase, that promotes the production of NO, reduces oxidative stress, improves insulin resistance, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects. L-Norvaline can be used in research of Alzheimer’s disease.
    L-Norvaline-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-153416
    QR-0217
    		Inhibitor 98.47%
    QR-0217 is a potent Aβ1-40 aggregation inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7.5 µM. QR-0217 inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. QR-0217 reduces memory impairments caused by Aβ neurotoxicity.
    QR-0217
  • HY-112636
    Astrophloxine
    		Inhibitor 98.34%
    Astrophloxine is a fluorescent imaging probe capable of targeting antiparallel dimers. Astrophloxine can be used to detect aggregated Aβ in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice.
    Astrophloxine
  • HY-50900
    gamma-Secretase Modulators
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    gamma-Secretase Modulators (Amyloid-β production inhibitor) is a Amyloid-β production inhibitor.
    gamma-Secretase Modulators
  • HY-N9454
    Garcinoic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Garcinoic acid is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Garcinoic acid also enhances efferocytosis and enzyme/receptor regulation, and selectively inhibits human COX-2, porcine α-amylase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase and human DNA polymerase β (IC50=11 μM), as well as activates human PXR. Garcinoic acid enhances macrophage efferocytosis via receptors such as MerTK and LRP-1, and promotes the production of pro-resolving lipid mediators. Garcinoic acid inhibits NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, interferes with Aβ aggregation, downregulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and binds to targets including CD44 and EGFR to inhibit leukemia cell proliferation. The pharmacological activities of Garcinoic acid, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid metabolism-regulating effects, are widely used in studies related to various diseases including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and viral pneumonia.
    Garcinoic acid
  • HY-W004287
    Methyl tridecanoate
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Methyl tridecanoate is a fatty acid methyl ester. Methyl tridecanoate exhibits an IC50 of 3.26 μM and a Ki of 2.30 μM against AsOBP21f in Anopheles sinensis. Methyl tridecanoate induces electroantennographic responses in female Anopheles sinensis. Methyl tridecanoate shows a dose-dependent attractive effect on Anopheles sinensis. Methyl tridecanoate weakly inhibits β-amyloid aggregation and AChE activity. Methyl tridecanoate can be used in the research of malaria and Alzheimer's disease.
    Methyl tridecanoate
  • HY-16900R
    Rolipram (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Rolipram (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rolipram (HY-16900). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rolipram is a PDE4 inhibitor, with blood-brain barrier permeability, that reverses β-amyloid-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Rolipram elevates intracellular cAMP and clevels and regulates the cAMP/CREB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating neuroinflammation and apoptotic responses. Rolipram promotes neuronal differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits Methamphetamine- and morphine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice. Rolipram also reduces the viability of glioblastoma stem-like cells and enhances Bevacizumab (HY-P9906)-induced cell death. Rolipram inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enhances central noradrenergic transmission. Rolipram is mainly used in studies related to various central nervous system diseases including Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis.
    Rolipram (Standard)
  • HY-B1619S
    Cromolyn-d5
    		Inhibitor
    Cromolyn-d5 (Cromoglycate-d5) is the deuterium labeled Cromolyn (HY-B1619). Cromolyn (Cromoglycate) is an orally active GSK-3β inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.0 μM. Cromolyn is also a mast cell stabilizer that can inhibit the release of mediators from mast cells, regulate reflex bronchoconstriction, and reduce non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity, and Cromolyn can be used in the research of bronchial asthma. In addition, Cromolyn has multiple activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-histamine, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects.
    Cromolyn-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-177646B
    Mivelsiran sodium scrambled negative control
    		Inhibitor
    Mivelsiran sodium scrambled negative control is the sequence scrambled negative control of Mivelsiran sodium.
    Mivelsiran sodium scrambled negative control
  • HY-146678
    HDAC6-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-5 (compound 11b) is a potent and BBB-penetrated HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.025 μM. HDAC6-IN-5 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and AChE, with IC50 values of 3.0 and 0.72 μM. HDAC6-IN-5 can enhance neurite outgrowth without significant neurotoxicity.
    HDAC6-IN-5
  • HY-139142A
    Simufilam dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Simufilam dihydrochloride (PTI-125 dihydrochloride) is an orally active FLNA modulator. Simufilam dihydrochloride restores NMDAR signaling and Arc expression. Simufilam dihydrochloride inhibits overactive mTOR signaling by restoring the normal conformation of FLNA, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces Aβ42-induced neuroinflammation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Simufilam dihydrochloride can be used for research of Alzheimer's disease.
    Simufilam dihydrochloride
  • HY-101282
    Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitor 3
    		Inhibitor
    Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitor 3 (compound 212 ), a designed anti-Alzheimer’s compound, is a potent human Glutaminyl Cyclase (GC) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 4.5 nM. Glutaminyl Cyclase-IN-1 (compound 212) significantly reduced the brain concentrations of pyroform Aβ and total Aβ and restored cognitive functions.
    Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitor 3
  • HY-146679
    HDAC6-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-6 (compound 6a) is a potent and BBB-penetrated HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.025 μM. HDAC6-IN-6 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against Aβ1-42 self-aggregation and AChE, with IC50 values of 3.0 and 0.72 μM. HDAC6-IN-6 can enhance neurite outgrowth without significant neurotoxicity.
    HDAC6-IN-6
  • HY-W013425S
    2-Hydroxy-5-(phenyldiazenyl)benzoic acid-d5
    		Inhibitor
    2-Hydroxy-5-(phenyldiazenyl)benzoic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxy-5-(phenyldiazenyl)benzoic acid.
    2-Hydroxy-5-(phenyldiazenyl)benzoic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-145888
    Antioxidant agent-2
    		Inhibitor
    Antioxidant agent-2 (comp 3c), an BBB-penetrated antioxidant agent and a selective metal ions chelator, presents good neuroprotective effect and hepatoprotective effect for the study of Alzheimer’s disease.
    Antioxidant agent-2
  • HY-182788
    Multitarget AD-IN-7
    		Inhibitor
    Multitarget AD-IN-7 is an orally active multi-target anti-AD compound. Multitarget AD-IN-7 exhibits inhibitory activity against GSK-3β and GSK-3α (IC50 = 0.66, 0.83 nM). Multitarget AD-IN-7 upregulates the expression of p-GSK-3β-Ser9, inhibits the phosphorylation of tau-Ser396, targets Aβ1-42, chelates pathogenic metal ions, scavenges ABTS•+, upregulates the expression of β-catenin and neurogenesis biomarkers, and promotes neurite outgrowth. Multitarget AD-IN-7 improves motor ability in Alzheimer's disease zebrafish. Multitarget AD-IN-7 is applicable to research related to Alzheimer's disease.
    Multitarget AD-IN-7
  • HY-162093
    Aβ1–42 aggregation inhibitor 2
    		Inhibitor
    Aβ1–42 aggregation inhibitor 2 (compound 7c) is a potent inhibitor of Aβ1-42 aggregation that plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease research. Aβ1–42 aggregation inhibitor 2 displays excellent antioxidant, metal ions chelating, oxidative stress alleviation, neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory activities.
    Aβ1–42 aggregation inhibitor 2
  • HY-112313
    CTS-21166
    		Inhibitor
    CTS-21166 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable and orally active BACE1 inhibitor. CTS-21166 reduces brain Aβ levels. CTS-21166 can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    CTS-21166
  • HY-123745
    Aβ aggregation-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    Aβ aggregation-IN-6 is an Aβ aggregation inhibitor with ~60-70% inhibition of Aβ17-40 aggregation. Aβ aggregation-IN-6 stabilizes Aβ dimer assembly, binds to Aβ steric-zipper assembly. Aβ aggregation-IN-6 can be used for the research of alzheimer's disease.
    Aβ aggregation-IN-6
  • HY-179496
    ChE/GSK-3β-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    ChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 (compound 18o) is a potent dual ChE/GSK-3β inhibitor. ChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 exhibits dual inhibition of AChE (IC50 = 1.7 μM), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (IC50 = 5.3 μM), and GSK-3β (IC50 = 5.7 μM). ChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 inhibits Aβ1-42 self-aggregation. ChE/GSK-3β-IN-1 can be used for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research.
    ChE/GSK-3β-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity