2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N3995
    5β-Dihydrocortisol
    		Activator 99.86%
    5β-Dihydrocortisol, a metabolite of Cortisol, is a potential mineralocorticoid. 5β-Dihydrocortisol can potentiate glucocorticoid activity in raising the intraocular pressure. 5β-Dihydrocortisol causes breast cancer cell apoptosis.
    5β-Dihydrocortisol
  • HY-16322
    Minodronic acid
    		Inducer 99.67%
    Minodronic acid (YM-529) is an FPP synthase inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM, and also an antagonist of P2X2/3 receptors with an IC50 of 62.7 μM. Minodronic acid induces tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits cell growth. Minodronic acid also suppresses bone resorption. Minodronic acid can be used in research related to osteoporosis and cancer.
    Minodronic acid
  • HY-149979
    SLC7A11-IN-1
    		Inducer
    SLC7A11-IN-1 is a potent solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11, xCT) inhibitor. SLC7A11-IN-1 shows antiproliferative activity. SLC7A11-IN-1 inhibits cell invasion and metastasis. SLC7A11-IN-1 induces Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S-phase. SLC7A11-IN-1 shows anti-tumor activity.
    SLC7A11-IN-1
  • HY-N7046
    Silybin B
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Silybin B (Silibinin B) is an orally active amyloid-β aggregation inhibitor and ATR pathway activator that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Silybin B inhibits Aβ fibril formation and promotes amorphous aggregate formation, while activating the ATR-mediated DNA damage repair pathway and inhibiting JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Silybin B can reduce Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis. Silybin B has anti-oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation and neuroprotective activities. Silybin B is mainly used in the study of Alzheimer's disease and Cisplatin chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity.
    Silybin B
  • HY-131669
    Dasatinib metabolite M6
    		Inducer 99.39%
    Dasatinib metabolite M6 (Dasatinib carboxylic acid) is a circulating metabolite of Dasatinib (HY-10181). Dasatinib exhibits potent anti-tumor activity.
    Dasatinib metabolite M6
  • HY-108356
    NS3694
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    NS3694, a diarylurea compound, is an apoptosome inhibitor. NS3694 inhibits apoptosome formation and caspase activation.
    NS3694
  • HY-16229A
    GGTI-2154 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 98.08%
    GGTI-2154 hydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I), with an IC50 of 21 nM. GGTI-2154 hydrochloride shows more than 200-fold selectivity for GGTase I over FTase (IC50=5600 nM). GGTI-2154 hydrochloride can be used for the research of cancer.
    GGTI-2154 hydrochloride
  • HY-N3651
    Curzerenone
    		Activator 98.55%
    Curzerenone is an orally active sesquiterpene compound and Antibacterial agent. Curzerenone can be isolated from Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma aeruginosa plants. Curzerenone increases ROS levels, activates Apoptotic signaling pathways, and attenuates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Curzerenone exhibits anticancer activity against liver cancer and cervical cancer. Curzerenone has antioxidant effects. Curzerenone shows weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Curzerenone can be used in research related to hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, and Escherichia coli infection.
    Curzerenone
  • HY-171767
    SK2188
    		Inducer 99.87%
    SK2188 (JB325) is a highly efficient and selective PROTAC degrader targeting AURKA (DC50 = 3.9 nM). SK2188 induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis. SK2188 indirectly degrades MYCN, inhibits tumor cell proliferation, and provides insights into the study of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.
    SK2188
  • HY-122267
    Clovamide
    		Inhibitor 98.09%
    Clovamide (trans-Clovamide), a natural phenolic compound, is a potent antioxidant. Clovamide is an excellent ROS and oxygen radical scavenger. Clovamide also has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Clovamide is an anti-microbial with activity against the human pathogens influenza A subtype H5N1, Trypanosoma evansi, and Heliobacter pylori.
    Clovamide
  • HY-N7072
    Grape seed extract
    		Activator
    Grape seed extract is a natural product, with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Grape seed extract shows inhibitory activity on the fat-metabolizing enzymes pancreatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase. Grape seed extract induces apoptotic in human colorectal cancer cells.
    Grape seed extract
  • HY-N2078
    Yamogenin
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Yamogenin (Neodiosgenin) is a diastereomer of diosgenin. Yamogenin antagonizes the activation of the liver X receptor (LXR) in luciferase ligand assay. Yamogenin inhibits triacylglyceride (TG) accumulation through the suppression of gene expression of fatty acid synthesis in HepG2 hepatocytes. Yamogenin is a steroidal saponin that can be obtained from plant species with in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Yamogenin induces cell death via the extrinsic and intrinsic way of apoptosis. Yamogenin inhibits protein denaturation with an IC50 of 1421.92 μg/mL. Yamogenin can be studied in research on gastric cancer.
    Yamogenin
  • HY-145532
    S-Allylmercaptocysteine
    		Inducer
    S-allylmercaptocysteine, an organic sulfur compound extracted from garlic, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects for various pulmonary diseases. S-allylmercaptocysteine achieves its anti-cancer effect through a variety of pathways such as inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells through the TGF-β signaling pathway, or reducing the NF-κB activity and up-regulating Nrf2 to achieve the effects of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation.
    S-Allylmercaptocysteine
  • HY-B0011R
    Docetaxel (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Docetaxel (Standard) is the analytical standard of Docetaxel. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Docetaxel (RP-56976) is a microtubule depolymerization inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM. Docetaxel attenuates the effects of bcl-2 and bcl-xL gene expression. Docetaxel arrests the cell cycle at G2/M and leads to cell apoptosis. Docetaxel has anti-cancer activity.
    Docetaxel (Standard)
  • HY-W001245
    4-Methylthiazole
    		Inducer 99.95%
    4-Methylthiazole is an Apoptosis trigger. 4-Methylthiazole markedly reduces CD45 and CD123 surface markers, increases ROS levels, Caspase-3 protein levels. 4-Methylthiazole triggers Apoptosis and mitochondrial disruption. 4-Methylthiazole can be used in the research of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
    4-Methylthiazole
  • HY-123931
    ZLDI-8
    		Inducer 98.47%
    ZLDI-8 is a Notch activating/cleaving enzyme ADAM-17 inhibitor and inhibits the cleavage of Notch protein. ZLDI-8 decreases the expression of pro-survival/anti-apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins. ZLDI-8 is also a competitive and irreversible tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) inhibitor with an IC50 of 31.6 μM and a Ki of 26.22 μM. ZLDI-8 inhibits the growth of MHCC97-H cells with an IC50 of 5.32 μM.
    ZLDI-8
  • HY-W073687
    2,4,6-Triiodophenol
    		Inducer 99.52%
    2,4,6-Triiodophenol is an orally active and potent leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis inhibitor. 2,4,6-Triiodophenol can induce mouse blastocysts apoptosis.
    2,4,6-Triiodophenol
  • HY-N8559
    Aloesone
    		Inhibitor 99.49%
    Aloesone is a phenolic compound. Aloesone can inhibit the production of ROS, the release of NO, M1 polarization, and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS (HY-D1056). Aloesone has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
    Aloesone
  • HY-W419700
    L-Glutamic acid ammonium
    		Inducer 98.0%
    L-Glutamic acid ammonium is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid ammonium has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid ammonium acts at ionotropic and?metabotropic glutamate receptors.
    L-Glutamic acid ammonium
  • HY-B1529A
    Citric acid triammonium
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Citric acid triammonium (Triammonium citrate) is formed by Citric acid (HY-N1428) reacting with ammonia in a molar ratio of 1:3. Citric acid triammonium can be used as the carbon source to prepare carbon quantum dots (CDs). Citric acid triammonium with higher nitrogen components might promote the nitrogen-based functional groups in CDs, leading to a more efficient emission-color tunability.
    Citric acid triammonium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity