2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-114243
    DpC
    		Inducer 98.73%
    DpC is a selective, orally active iron chelator with anticancer activity. DpC acts on signaling pathway-related targets such as JNK, NF-κB, and its activity is competitively inhibited by another iron chelator Dp44mT (HY-18973). By chelating intracellular iron and copper ions in tumor cells to form redox-active complexes, DpC induces oxidative stress, activates the JNK, NF-κB pathways and downregulates IκBα, upregulates the expressions of neuroglobin and cytoglobin, activates caspase 3/9 to induce tumor cell apoptosis. It also overcomes P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance through a lysosome-targeting mechanism, and exhibits broad-spectrum synergistic effects when combined with various chemotherapeutic agents. DpC inhibits tumor metastasis and increases TNF-α levels in the tumor microenvironment to enhance endogenous immune responses. DpC is applicable to the research of various malignancies including neuroblastoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer.
    DpC
  • HY-128393
    Trilinolein
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Trilinolein is an orally active triglyceride that inhibits the PI3K/Akt, Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathways, and MMP-2. Trilinolein can reduce oxidative stress, induce apoptosis, and inhibit cell migration. Trilinolein can be used in the research fields of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease (such as cerebral ischemia), and non-small cell lung cancer.
    Trilinolein
  • HY-137295
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) isoform-selective agonist. Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate induces selective translocation of nPKC-delta, -epsilon, and -theta and PKC-mu from the cytosolic fraction to the particulate fraction and induces morphologically typical apoptosis through de novo synthesis of macromolecules. Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate increases the IFN-γ production and degranulation by NK cells, especially when NK cells are stimulated by NSCLC cells.
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate
  • HY-121204
    Iberverin
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Iberverin (-Methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane homolog. Iberverin has anticancer activity. Iberverin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Iberverin induces mitochondrial-related apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species.
    Iberverin
  • HY-16561S
    Resveratrol-d4
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Resveratrol-d4 is the deuterium labeled Resveratrol. Resveratrol (trans-Resveratrol; SRT501), a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Resveratrol (SRT 501) has a wide spectrum of targets including mTOR, JAK, β-amyloid, Adenylyl cyclase, IKKβ, DNA polymerase. Resveratrol also is a specific SIRT1 activator. Resveratrol is a potent pregnane X receptor (PXR) inhibitor. Resveratrol is an Nrf2 activator, ameliorates aging-related progressive renal injury in mice model. Resveratrol increases production of NO in endothelial cells.
    Resveratrol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-B0863R
    Glyphosate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Glyphosate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glyphosate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glyphosate is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate targets and blocks a plant metabolic pathway not found in animals, the shikimate pathway, required for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants.
    Glyphosate (Standard)
  • HY-170329
    PROTAC AR Degrader-8
    		Inducer 99.98%
    PROTAC AR Degrader-8 is the PROTAC degrader for androgen receptor (AR) that degrades AR-FL with DC50s of 0.018 μM and 0.14 μM in 22Rv1 cell and LNCaP cell, degrades AR-V7 with DC50 of 0.026 μM in 22Rv1 cell. PROTAC AR Degrader-8 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell 22Rv1 and LNCaP with IC50 values of 0.038 μM and 1.11 μM. PROTAC AR Degrader-8 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, induces apoptosis in 22Rv1 cell. PROTAC AR Degrader-8 exhibits anticancer efficacy in mouse and zebrafish model. PROTAC AR Degrader-8 can be used for the research of prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer.
    PROTAC AR Degrader-8
  • HY-100509
    NPS-1034
    		Inducer 98.0%
    NPS-1034 is a dual inhibitor of AXL and MET with IC50s of 10.3 and 48 nM, respectively.
    NPS-1034
  • HY-12063
    PHT-427
    		Inducer 98.09%
    PHT-247 is an inhibitor of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Akt, and it is also an inhibitor of PDPK1 with Kis of 2.7 µM and 5.2 µM and for Akt and PDPK1, respectively.
    PHT-427
  • HY-N6801
    Nivalenol
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin that can be produced by Fusarium graminearum, is a fungal metabolite present in agricultural product. Nivalenol modulates apoptotic pathway, cell cycle regulation, Bax, ERK, caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose synthase activity in macrophages. Nivalenol inhibits ribosomal peptidyltransferase site, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Nivalenol induces late-stage apoptotic morphological changes, reduces cellular metabolism, and decreases cell proliferation in erythroleukemia cells. Nivalenol induces lymphocyte apoptosis in murine thymus, spleen, and Peyer's patches. Nivalenol can be used for the research of erythroleukemia.
    Nivalenol
  • HY-163944
    LL-K12-18
    		Inducer 98.42%
    LL-K12-18 is a CDK12 kinase inhibitor and a dual-site molecular glue. LL-K12-18 inhibits human CDK12 with an IC50 value of 283.9 nM, and selectively degrades cyclin K via the ubiquitin-proteasome system by stabilizing the CDK12-DDB1 complex. LL-K12-18 downregulates DNA damage response genes, reduces the phosphorylation level of CTD Ser2 in RNA polymerase II, and modulates biomarkers such as ATM, RAD51, γ-H2AX and cleaved PARP, thereby effectively inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of breast cancer cells. LL-K12-18 exhibits high target selectivity and serves as a research tool for studies on triple-negative breast cancer.
    LL-K12-18
  • HY-N4093
    Astringin
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Astringin (trans-Astringin) is an orally active natural phenolic stilbene glucoside. Astringin can inhibit the production of oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, etc. Astringin has multiple activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Astringin is also an inhibitor of ferroptosis. Astringin can be used in the research of diseases such as acute lung injury.
    Astringin
  • HY-13819
    MK-8745
    		Inducer 99.08%
    MK-8745 is an aurora A kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 nM.
    MK-8745
  • HY-N6703
    ar-Turmerone
    		Inducer 99.00%
    ar-Turmerone ((+)-ar-Turmerone) is an orally active and major bioactive compound of the herb Curcuma longa with anti-tumorigenesis and anti-inflammatory activities. ar-Turmerone induces apoptosis in U937 cells. ar-Turmerone exerts positive modulation on murine DCs. ar-Turmerone induces NSC proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and can be used for various neurologic disorders study.
    ar-Turmerone
  • HY-W748591
    Cannflavin A
    		Activator 99.20%
    Cannflavin A can be isolated from Cannabis sativa L.. Cannflavin A has anti-cancer, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity. Cannflavin A inhibits Aβ1-42 aggregation. Cannflavin A also inhibits kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) (IC50 = 29.4 μM). Cannflavin A activates apoptosis via caspase-3 cleavage. Cannflavin A exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes, including prostaglandin E2 and cytochrome c oxidases I and II in PC12 cell line.
    Cannflavin A
  • HY-N0529R
    Rosmarinic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Rosmarinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rosmarinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.
    Rosmarinic acid (Standard)
  • HY-W011522
    Taurolidine
    		Inducer 98.19%
    Taurolidine is a potent antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Taurolidine inhibits cell proliferation. Taurolidine induces apoptosis and autophagy. Taurolidine rescues mice from sepsis-associated lethality.
    Taurolidine
  • HY-117548
    UNC1062
    		Inducer 98.92%
    UNC1062 is a highly selective tyrosine kinase (MERTK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.1 nM (Morrison Ki = 0.33 nM). UNC1062 exhibits good selectivity for the TAM family (TYRO3 IC50 = 60 nM, AXL IC50 = 85 nM). UNC1062 exhibits significant anti-proliferative effects and induces apoptosis in various cancer models (such as melanoma, gastric cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia). UNC1062 inhibits multiple pathways, including MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT and affects the motility of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells through the RhoA signaling pathway. UNC1062 inhibits macrophage efferocytosis, and it suitable for research on atherosclerosis.
    UNC1062
  • HY-N0756
    Bornyl acetate
    		Inducer
    Bornyl acetate is a potent odorant, exhibiting one of the highest flavor dilution factor (FD factor). Bornyl acetate possesses anti-cancer activity.
    Bornyl acetate
  • HY-160415
    WD6305
    		Inducer 98.98%
    WD6305 is a potent and selective METTL3-METTL14 PROTAC degrader. WD6305 has DC50 values of 140 nM and 194 nM for METTL3 and METTL14, respectively. WD6305 inhibits m6A modification and proliferation of AML cells, and induces apoptosis.
    WD6305
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity