2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-148739
    dBRD 9-A
    		Inducer 99.50%
    dBRD 9-A is a selective BRD9 PROTAC degrader. dBRD 9-A induces near complete BRD9 degradation dependent on E3 ubiquitin ligase CRBN and BRD9 bromodomain engagement, and drives loss of BRD9 chromatin binding genome-wide. dBRD 9-A downregulates oncogenic SS18-SSX-driven transcriptional programs, super enhancer-associated gene expression, and SS18-SSX1 super enhancer binding, and depletes GBAF complex members GLTSCR1/1L from SS18-SSX complexes. dBRD 9-A induces cell cycle arrest and increases apoptosis in synovial sarcoma cells. dBRD 9-A can be used for the research of synovial sarcoma.
    dBRD 9-A
  • HY-113455
    9(S)-HODE
    		Inducer 98.0%
    9(S)-HODE (Alpha-dimorphecolic acid) is the major active derivative of Linoleic acid (HY-N0729). 9(S)-HODE regulates the expression of miR-361-3p. 9(S)-HODE reduces cancer cell viability and induces cancer cell apoptosis. 9(S)-HODE can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia.
    9(S)-HODE
  • HY-15036R
    Diclofenac (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Diclofenac (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diclofenac. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diclofenac is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac (Standard)
  • HY-B1315
    Carbaryl
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide.
    Carbaryl
  • HY-13561
    AZM475271
    		Inducer 99.89%
    AZM475271 (M475271) is an orally active and selective Src kinase inhibitor. AZM475271 inhibits phosphorylation of c-Src kinase, Lck, c-yes (IC50s = 0.01, 0.03, 0.08 μM, respectively). AZM475271 induces apoptosis. AZM475271 reduces tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo, and reduces microvessel density (MVD). AZM475271 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. AZM475271 sensitizes tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of Gemcitabine (HY-17026).
    AZM475271
  • HY-N5001
    Euphorbia Factor L2
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Euphorbia factor L2, a lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from caper euphorbia seed (the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L.), has been traditionally applied to treat cancer. Euphorbia factor L2 shows potent cytotoxicity and induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway.
    Euphorbia Factor L2
  • HY-125339
    Ro 41-0960
    		Inducer 98.22%
    Ro 41-0960 is a CNS-penetrant, orally active catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor. Ro 41-0960 reduces dopamine catabolism, increases striatal dopamine and DOPAC levels, decreases striatal HVA levels, induces apoptosis, inhibits proliferation and extracellular matrix formation in uterine fibroid cells. Ro 41-0960 arrests or shrinks uterine fibroid lesions in rats. Ro 41-0960 can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease, uterine leiomyomas, and breast cancer.
    Ro 41-0960
  • HY-N2009
    3-O-Methylgallic acid
    		Inducer 99.22%
    3-O-Methylgallic acid (3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid) is an anthocyanin metabolite and has potent antioxidant capacity. 3-O-methylgallic acid inhibits Caco-2 cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 24.1 μM. 3-O-methylgallic acid also induces cell apoptosis and has anti-cancer effects.
    3-O-Methylgallic acid
  • HY-N2217
    Rotundic acid
    		Inducer 99.41%
    Rotundic acid is an orally effective triterpenoid with a Kd value of 51.3 µM for PTP1B. Rotundic acid downregulates the AKT/mTOR pro-survival pathway and modulates the MAPK pathway. Rotundic acid induces cell cycle S-phase arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis; it inhibits migration, invasion, angiogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells. Rotundic acid improves leptin sensitivity, regulates gut microbiota and reduces cellular senescence. Rotundic acid can be used in research related to hepatocellular carcinoma, obesity, aging, acute lung injury and type 2 diabetes.
    Rotundic acid
  • HY-B0356R
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard)
  • HY-77591R
    Cysteamine hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Cysteamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cysteamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cysteamine hydrochloride (2-Aminoethanethiol hydrochloride) is an orally active agent for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant.
    Cysteamine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-173020
    W23-1006
    		Inducer
    W23-1006 is a selective and covalent ALKBH5 inhibitor. W23-1006 binds to the ALKBH5 C200 residue with an IC50 value of 3.848 μM. W23-1006 shows ~30- and 8-fold stronger inhibitory activity than that against FTO and ALKBH3, respectively. W23-1006 can be used for the study of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    W23-1006
  • HY-N2460
    Aloesin
    		Inducer 99.62%
    Aloesin (Aloeresin) is a tyrosinase inhibitor, and shows anti-inflammatory activity, ultraviolet protection, and antibacterium effects. Aloesin can induce apoptosis and be used in ovarian cancer research.
    Aloesin
  • HY-163828
    PPA24
    		Inducer 98.09%
    PPA24 is a PP2A activator with a KD of 8.465 μM for PP2ACα. PPA24 induces cancer cell death via apoptosis. PP2ACα induces ROS generation and decreases the level of c-Myc expression. PPA24 can be used to study colorectal cancer (CRC), Folinic acid (HY-17556), 5-Fluorouracil (HY-90006), and Oxaliplatin (HY-17371) (FOLFOX)-resistant CRC, and melanoma cancer.
    PPA24
  • HY-N1109
    Uvaol
    		Inducer 99.20%
    Uvaol, a triterpene present in olives and virgin olive oil, possesses anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant effects. Uvaol is an orally active inducer of apoptosis in astroglioma cells. Uvaol also has anti-cancer activities. Uvaol attenuates pleuritis and eosinophilic inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergy in mice.
    Uvaol
  • HY-N6082
    Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside is an orally active glycoside found in Rhubarb. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis, recovers altered lincRNA ANRIL and let-7a expression, reverses high glucose-altered Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, and inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside accelerates Sennoside A (HY-N0365) metabolism, stimulates sennoside A purgative activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside inhibits bacterial biofilm formation, suppresses its virulence gene expression, and exerts antibacterial activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside can be used for the research of diabetic nephropathy, constipation, and infection.
    Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside
  • HY-13735B
    Quinacrine hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inducer 98.18%
    Quinacrine hydrochloride hydrate (Mepacrine hydrochloride hydrate) is an antimalarial agent, which possess anticancer effect both in vitro and vivo. Quinacrine hydrochloride hydrate suppresses NF-κB and activates p53 signaling, which results in the induction of the apoptosis.
    Quinacrine hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-163901
    E6-272
    		Inducer 99.93%
    E6-272 is a human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) inhibitor. E6-272 induces Apoptosis. E6-272 inhibits the proliferation of HPV-positive cells. E6-272 can be used in the research of cervical cancer.
    E6-272
  • HY-161430
    RTx-161
    		Inducer 98.0%
    RTx-161 is a DNA polymerase θ inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.1 nM. RTx-161 induces DNA damage, PARP cleavage, apoptosis, and selectively kills homologous recombination-deficient (HRD) cells. RTx-161 acts synergistically with PARP inhibitors to suppress PARP inhibitor resistance in cancer cells. RTx-161 can be used for the research of BRCAG12C mutant cancer and HR-deficient cancers.
    RTx-161
  • HY-N7070
    Geranyl acetate
    		Inducer 99.74%
    Geranyl acetate, an acyclic monoterpene ester derived from geraniol, is widely used in the cosmetics industry due to its pleasant scent. Geranyl acetate can induces cell apoptosis.
    Geranyl acetate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity