2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P99348
    Ropeginterferon alfa-2b
    		Inducer
    Ropeginterferon alfa-2b (Ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft) is a monopegylated IFN-α that can be used for the research of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
    Ropeginterferon alfa-2b
  • HY-N3619
    Conophylline
    		Inducer 98.04%
    Conophylline is a vinca alkaloid extracted from leaves of a tropical plant Ervatamia microphylla. Conophylline is a differentiation inducer of for pancreatic cells. Conophylline suppresses HSC and induces apoptosis.
    Conophylline
  • HY-129751
    Nitrovin hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.29%
    Nitrovin hydrochloride is an antibacterial growth promoter. Nitrovin hydrochloride induces ROS-mediated non-apoptotic and apoptotic-like cell death by targeting TrxR1. Nitrovin hydrochloride has anticancer activity, with IC50 values of 1.31-6.60 μM for tumor and normal cells.
    Nitrovin hydrochloride
  • HY-N1904
    4′-Hydroxywogonin
    		Inducer 98.22%
    4′-Hydroxywogonin (8-Methoxyapigenin), a flavonoid, could be isolated from a variety of plants including Scutellaria barbata and Verbena littoralis. 4′-Hydroxywogonin has anti-inflammatory activity via TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3/AKT signaling pathways. 4′-Hydroxywogonin inhibits angiogenesis by disrupting PI3K/AKT signaling. 4′-Hydroxywogonin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
    4′-Hydroxywogonin
  • HY-149721
    HDAC4-IN-1
    		Activator
    HDAC4-IN-1 (compound 1a) is a class IIa HDACI inhibitor (IC50=0.077 μM). HDAC4-IN-1 can enhance Caspase-induced Apoptosis. HDAC4-IN-1 has anticancer activity. HDAC4-IN-1 can be used in the research of drug combination against cancer.
    HDAC4-IN-1
  • HY-N3149
    (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde
    		Inducer 99.83%
    (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde is an aldehyde that can be separated from the stem bark of cinnamon. (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting signal transduction of STAT3 and reactive oxygen species production. (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde has antitumor activity.
    (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde
  • HY-156671A
    RMC-4998 formic
    		Inducer 99.02%
    RMC-4998 formic is an orally active inhibitor targeting the active or GTP-bound state of the KRASG12C mutant. RMC-4998 formic can form a ternary complex with intracellular CYPA and the activated KRASG12C mutant, with an IC50 value of 28 nM. RMC-4998 formic can inhibit ERK signaling in KRASG12C mutant cancer cells and induce apoptosis. RMC-4998 formic can be used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research.
    RMC-4998 formic
  • HY-183013
    PROTAC PARP2 degrader-1
    		Inducer
    PROTAC PARP2 degrader-1 is an orally active PARP2 PROTAC degrader with a DC50 of 2 μM. PROTAC PARP2 degrader-1 potently inhibits the enzymatic activities of PARP1 (IC50 = 2.74 nM) and PARP2 (IC50 = 0.32 nM), with approximately 10-fold higher selectivity for PARP2. PROTAC PARP2 degrader-1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and exhibits significant anti-tumor efficacy in mouse models. PROTAC PARP2 degrader-1 can be used for the research of triple-negative breast cancer.
    PROTAC PARP2 degrader-1
  • HY-123950
    MMRi64
    		Inducer 99.42%
    MMRi64 disrupts Mdm2-MdmX interactions. MMRi64 downregulates Mdm2 and MdmX in leukemia cells. MMRi64 induces p53 accumulation, and induces the apoptotic arm of the p53 pathway in leukemia/lymphoma cells. MMRi64 can be used for cancer research.
    MMRi64
  • HY-134173
    Arachidonoyl ethanolamide phosphate
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Arachidonoyl ethanolamide phosphate, an endocannabinoid, is an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system (CB1 subtype) and peripheral immune cells (CB2 subtype).
    Arachidonoyl ethanolamide phosphate
  • HY-N3125
    Osajin
    		Activator 98.18%
    Osajin is the major bioactive isoflavone present in the fruit of Maclura pomifera with antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Osajin
  • HY-148669B
    (S)-Bleximenib oxalate
    		Control 98.37%
    (S)-Bleximenib (oxalate) is a S-Enantiomer of Bleximenib oxalate (HY-148669A). Bleximenib (JNJ-75276617) oxalate is an orally active and selective menin-KMT2A inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.1 nM, 0.045 nM, and ≤0.066 nM for humans, mice, and dogs, respectively. Bleximenib oxalate can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis and differentiation of tumor cells. Bleximenib oxalate can be used in the research of tumors such as leukemia.
    (S)-Bleximenib oxalate
  • HY-P1411A
    Psalmotoxin 1 TFA
    		Inducer 99.37%
    Psalmotoxin 1 (PcTx1) TFA is a protein toxin that can bind at subunit-subunit interfaces of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a). Psalmotoxin 1 TFA is a potent and slective ASIC1a inhibitor (IC50: 0.9 nM) by increasing the apparent affinity for H+ of ASIC1a. Psalmotoxin 1 TFA can induce cell apoptosis, also inhibits cell migration, proferliration and invasion of cancer cells. Psalmotoxin 1 TFA can be used in the research of cancers, or neurological disease.
    Psalmotoxin 1 TFA
  • HY-145143
    anti-TNBC agent-1
    		Activator 98.02%
    anti-TNBC agent-1 is a potent anti-triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) agent. anti-TNBC agent-1 exhibits potent activity against different breast cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.20 μM to 0.27 μM. anti-TNBC agent-1 induces apoptosis of SUM-159 cells through mitochondria pathway and causes G1 phase arrest of SUM-159 cells.
    anti-TNBC agent-1
  • HY-155066
    FD274
    		Inducer 99.45%
    FD274 is a highly potent PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor with IC50s of 0.65 nM, 1.57 nM, 0.65 nM, 0.42 nM, and 2.03 nM against PI3Kα/β/γ/δ and mTOR, respectively. FD274 exhibits significant anti-proliferation of AML cell lines (HL-60 and MOLM-16). FD274 arrests HL-60 cell cycle at G1 phase and increases apoptosis. FD274 demonstrates dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in the HL-60 xenograft model. FD274 has the potential for acute myeloid leukemia research.
    FD274
  • HY-P990708
    Bizaxofusp
    		Inducer
    Bizaxofusp (MDNA55) is a fusion protein formed by the linkage of IL-4 and a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin. Bizaxofusp can bind to IL-4 receptors on the surface of tumor cells and be internalized, and its exotoxin moiety can inhibit protein synthesis and induce tumor cell apoptosis. Bizaxofusp can be used in the study of cancer.
    Bizaxofusp
  • HY-162934
    TFCP2L1-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.66%
    TFCP2L1-IN-1 is a specific small molecule targeting TFCP2L1’s active domain with anti-cancer activity. TFCP2L1-IN-1 synergizes with Sorafenib (HY-10201) to induce Apoptosis and reduces cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, clonal formation and sphere-forming capacity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
    TFCP2L1-IN-1
  • HY-B0596A
    Taltirelin acetate
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Taltirelin acetate (TA-0910) is an acetate form of Taltirelin (TA-0910). Taltirelin (TA-0910) is an orally effective analogue of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and a TRH receptor (TRH-R) superagonist (IC50 at 910 nM). Taltirelin can cross the blood-brain barrier. Taltirelin stimulates an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+ release) with an EC50 value of 36 nM. Taltirelin increases cell viability and reduces apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and primary rat mesencephalic neurons treated with MPP+ (HY-W008719) or Rotenone (HY-B1756). Taltirelin has neuroprotective effects in both cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease. Taltirelin alleviates fatigue-like behavior in mouse models of cancer-related fatigue.
    Taltirelin acetate
  • HY-163676
    MI-217
    		Inducer 99.52%
    MI-217 is a potent SIRT3 inhibitor. MI-217 induces MDA-MB-231 apoptosis. MI-217 can be used in the study of breast cancer.
    MI-217
  • HY-132858
    Thalidomide-4-O-C10-COOH
    		Inducer 99.14%
    Thalidomide-4-O-C10-COOH is a E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-4-O-C10-COOH
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity