2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P11173
    Cr-ACP1
    		Inducer
    Cr-ACP1 is an anti-cancerous peptide. Cr-ACP1 binds to DNA, inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase, leading to the initiation of Apoptosis mechanisms. Cr-ACP1 exhibits anticancer effects against colon cancer and epidermoid carcinoma.
    Cr-ACP1
  • HY-10996
    KHS101
    		Inducer
    KHS101 is a blood-brain barrier-penetrant anticancer agent that primarily functions by inhibiting HSPD1 (IC50 = 14.4 μM) and TACC3 across different cellular backgrounds. KHS101 promotes the aggregation of HSPD1 with client proteins, destabilizes TACC3, and reduces the levels of TACC3, Aurora A and PLK1. KHS101 induces autophagy, apoptosis, cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation; it suppresses cancer cell growth, motility, EMT and stemness; it also impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics and glycolysis in glioblastoma cells. KHS101 can be used in research related to glioblastoma multiforme and breast cancer.
    KHS101
  • HY-N0678R
    Icaritin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Icaritin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Icaritin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Icaritin (Anhydroicaritin) is a prenylflavonoid derivative from Epimedium brevicornuMaxim. and potently inhibits proliferation of K562 cells (IC50 of 8 μM) and primary CML cells (IC50 of 13.4 μM for CML-CP and 18 μM for CML-BC). Icaritin can regulate MAPK/ERK/JNK and JAK2/STAT3 /AKT signalings, also enhances osteogenesis[3.
    Icaritin (Standard)
  • HY-N2071R
    Cedrol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Cedrol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cedrol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cedrol is a potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450(CYP) enzyme. Cedrol plays an anticancer role by inducing cell cycle arrest and Caspase-dependent apoptosis. Cedrol acts as a neutrophil agonist that can desensitize cells to subsequent stimulation of N-formyl peptides. Cedrol prevents neuropathic pain caused by chronic contractile injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, Cedrol has antibacterial, hair loss prevention and anti-anxiety properties.
    Cedrol (Standard)
  • HY-175204
    SHP2 protein degrader-3
    		Inducer
    SHP2 protein degrader-3 is a SHP2 AUTAC degrader. SHP2 protein degrader-3 shows dose-dependent SHP2 degradation ability (DC50 = 3.22 μM) and anti-tumor activity (IC50 = 5.59 μM) in HeLa cells. SHP2 protein degrader-3 induces degradation through the LC3-mediated autophagy pathway, which can be inhibited by lysosome inhibitors. SHP2 protein degrader-3 induces apoptosis in various cancer cells (HeLa cells, HepG2 cells, LoVo cells, Huh-7 cells) (SHP2 Ligand : (HY-100388); LC3 Ligand: (HY-10542); Linker : (HY-128834)).
    SHP2 protein degrader-3
  • HY-176219
    Bcl-2-IN-23
    		Inducer
    Bcl-2-IN-23 (compound 5) is a selective inhibitor targeting Bcl-2. The IC50 of Bcl-2-IN-23 in HTB-140, HeLa and SW620 cells is 25.7-33.7 μM. Bcl-2-IN-23 can non-covalently competitively bind to Bcl-2 protein, significantly reduce its expression, and induce late apoptosis and necroptosis of cancer cells. Bcl-2-IN-23 enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptosis and reduces the release of IL-6 inflammatory factors by disrupting the Bcl-2-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis inhibition pathway. Bcl-2-IN-23 can be used for anti-apoptosis research of malignant tumors such as melanoma, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer.
    Bcl-2-IN-23
  • HY-W040293
    06:0 PE
    		Inducer
    06:0 PE (PE(6:0/6:0)) is a water-soluble phospholipid characterized by its short acyl chains, exhibiting notable antitumor activity and the ability to inhibit tumor progression in vivo, alongside antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects, while serving as a precursor for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
    06:0 PE
  • HY-P11624
    PP-60
    		Inducer
    PP-60 is an apoptosis inducer. PP-60 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells and induces cancer cell apoptosis. PP-60 exerts anti-tumor effects in nude mouse liver tumor models. PP-60 is applicable to research related to cancers such as liver cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer.
    PP-60
  • HY-161193
    Thalidomide-piperazine-(R)-C-pyrrolidine-C-boc
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-piperazine-(R)-C-pyrrolidine-C-boc is a conjugate of E3 ligase ligand and linker, consisting of Thalidomide (HY-14658) and the corresponding Linker. Thalidomide-piperazine-(R)-C-pyrrolidine-C-boc can serve as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN protein and serve as a key intermediate for the synthesis of complete PROTAC molecules.
    Thalidomide-piperazine-(R)-C-pyrrolidine-C-boc
  • HY-100489S
    TBHQ-d12
    TBHQ-d12 (tert-Butylhydroquinone-d12) is the deuterium labeled TBHQ (HY-100489). TBHQ (tert-Butylhydroquinone) is a widely used Nrf2 activator, protects against Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity through activation of Nrf2. TBHQ (tert-Butylhydroquinone) is also an ERK activator; rescues Dehydrocorydaline (DHC)-induced cell proliferation inhibitionin melanoma[2].
    TBHQ-d<sub>12</sub>
  • HY-14519CS
    (R)-Methotrexate-d3
    (R)-Methotrexate-d3 is the deuterium labeled (R)-Methotrexate.
    (R)-Methotrexate-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-162319
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
    		Inducer
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 (compound 9n) is a dual Tubulin and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.73, 0.43, 0.62, 2.34 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC7, respectively. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 inhibits the tubulin polymerization by targeting the colchicine binding site. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces a significant elevation of intracellular ROS levels. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 shows anti-angiogenesis activity and anticancer activity.
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
  • HY-N6872R
    Actein (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Actein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Actein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Actein, a triterpene glycoside, shows an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. Actein suppresses cell proliferation, induces autophagy and apoptosis through promoting ROS/JNK activation, and blunting AKT pathway in bladder cancer. Actein has little toxicity in vivo.
    Actein (Standard)
  • HY-146432
    Antitumor agent-60
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-60 (compound 20) is a potent antitumor agent, targeting RAS-RAF signaling pathway and binding to CRAF with a Kd value of 3.93 μM. Antitumor agent-60 induces apoptosis by blocking cell cycle at G2/M phase. Antitumor agent-60 enhances the level of p53 and ROS. Antitumor agent-60 causes oval and irregular nucleus in cancer cells. Antitumor agent-60 can suppress the growth of tumor to some extent in A549 xenograft model.
    Antitumor agent-60
  • HY-N0448A
    (±)-10-Gingerol
    		Inducer
    (±)-10-Gingerol is the racemic form of 10-Gingerol (HY-N0448). 10-Gingerol is an AMPK agonist, which is found in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol suppresses neointimal hyperplasia and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. 10-Gingerol exhibits substantial scavenging activities with an IC50 value of 10.47 μM against DPPH radical, an IC50 value of 1.68 μM against superoxide radical and an IC50 value of 1.35 μM against hydroxyl radical. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM. 10-Gingerol suppresses the proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis through targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231/IR cells. 10-Gingerol can be used in research on various common cancers such as ovarian cancer and colon cancer, as well as colitis and neurodegenerative diseases.
    (±)-10-Gingerol
  • HY-156444
    HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1
    		Inducer
    HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1 (compound 8e) is a dual CDK7 and HDAC1 inhibitor with IC50s of 893 nM and 248 nM, respectively. HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1 inhibits the growth cells of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A549, and HCT-116 cancer cells. HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells, as well as hindered the migration of HCT-116 cells.
    HDAC1/CDK7-IN-1
  • HY-P10833
    C-VGB3
    		Inducer
    C-VGB3 is a selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) antagonist, which inhibits VEGFR2-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PLCγ/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. C-VGB3 binds to the extracellular domain of VEGFR2, blocking ligand-receptor interaction and inducing apoptosis in endothelial and tumor cells through both intrinsic (involving Bcl2 family and caspases) and extrinsic (death receptor-mediated) pathways. C-VGB3 is promising for research of angiogenesis-related cancers, such as breast cancer.
    C-VGB3
  • HY-174827
    POLRMT-IN-2
    		Inducer
    POLRMT-IN-2 is a potent POLRMT inhibitor. POLRMT-IN-2 exhibits strong antiproliferative activity in MOLM-13 cells, with an IC50 of 1.01 μM. POLRMT-IN-2 disrupts mitochondrial function and induces apoptosis in MOLM-13cells. POLRMT-IN-2 can be used for the study of acute myeloid leukemia(AML).
    POLRMT-IN-2
  • HY-181097
    EGFR-IN-192
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-192 is an anticancer agent. EGFR-IN-192 inhibits EGFR (IC50: 0.12 μM), downregulates the HIF-VEGF and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, upregulates the tumor suppressor gene PTEN, and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. EGFR-IN-192 exhibits antitumor activity and can be used in tumor research.
    EGFR-IN-192
  • HY-14153S
    Tegaserod-d11
    		Inducer
    Tegaserod-d11 is deuterated labeled Tegaserod (HY-14153). Tegaserod is an orally active serotonin receptor 4 (HTR4; 5-HT4R) agonist and a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist. Tegaserod has pKis of 7.5, 8.4 and 7.0 for human recombinant 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors, respectively. Tegaserod causes tumor cell apoptosis, blunts PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and decreases S6 phosphorylation. Tegaserod has anti-tumor activity and has the potential for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) research.
    Tegaserod-d<sub>11</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity